Oo o Next President The Office - QOO WOODROW' WILSON 1ms ob schooling himself, perhaps uuconsciously. but neverthe less carefully and studiously, for forty years for the excited office he will assume on March next. There has never been a closer stu dent of American political affairs since Hamilton and Madison. There is noth ing about congress or the White House lhat will take him greatly by surprise. At the age of twenty-ulne he had writ ten a college thesis that showed him to be even at that time one of the keen est analyists of our national legisla ture we ever had. And in later years he turned his sharp scrutiny upon the White House and wrote the most in forming and illuminating treatises on the powers and limitations of the pres ident that have ever been published. Aside from these special investiga tions his whole life has been a long and exhaustive study of the American people in their social nnd political re lations, as Indeed were those of his forebears before him. Grandfather Born In Ireland. His grandfather, James Wilson, was barn in Ireland. He emigrated to America about a century ago and set tled in Philadelphia, which city was the capital of the United States at that time. One of the leading Philadelphia papers of that period was the Aurora, Tiiomas Jefferson's personal organ. James Wilson, being a printer, obtain ed employment on the Aurora; also, being a hard working, thrifty man, he acquired ownership of the paper and became Intimately acquainted with Jefferson. But the rapidly growing west began to cast its spell over James Wilson, and accordingly in 1S20 or thereabouts he moved to Steubenville, 0.. where he founded the Western Herald. He soon became a power in the Democratic party In Ohio and was known through out the state as "Judge" Wilson. It was here amid these surroundings of hardy and vigorous pioneer life that Joavph R. Wilson, the father of the president elect, was born and grew to muiihood. Joseph II. Wilson began his career as a teacher, first in an academy, then in Jefferson college, then in Hampden Sydney college. His natural taste, hewever, was for the ministry, and aft er careful preparation he stepped into the Presbyterian pulpit. About this time he married Janet Woodrow.dnugh ter of a Presbyterian minister at Chil licothe. (). She was born In Carlisle, England, but her father came to Amer ica when she was but a few years old. Was Christmas Gift. Woodrow Wilson was born in Staun ton, Va.. in is."(i, during Christmas week. He will be. the eighth occupant of the White House from the Old Do minion. About two years after Woodrow Wil son's birth ills father accepted a call to the pastorate of the Presbyterian church of Augusta, (!a., and remained as its pastor throughout the civil war. In the autumn of 1870 the Wilsons moved to Columbia. S. C, and three years later Woodrow. who was then seventeen, began his scholastic career at Davidson college. About the only record young Wilson seems to have made at Davidson was the ability to dress, cross the campus and get into bis seat at chapel quicker than any one else. He Is said to have accomplished the feat on several occasions before the chapel bell stopped ringing. He is remembered at Davidson as a pleasant mannered, engaging young man who did uot seem to be very much interested in out of door sports, which at that time consisted of base ball and shinny. He did play base ball on the college nine for a time. There is a tradition which has it that on one occasion the captain of the team, becoming vexed over Wilson's listless manner of play during a hotly contested game, said: "Wilson, you would make n dandy player If you were not so lazy." Enters Princeton. Wilson was at Dnvldson but one year. The following year he remained at borne, the elder Wilson in the mean time having moved to Wilmington. In September, 1875. Woodrow Wilson entered the freshman class at Prlnce Um. There were 133 young men in the lass. He had not been at Princeton le&g before he found out Just wbat,he vented to do and that thing was to fee a public man; to devote his life to tiie service of his country. This determination came with a Mil UKn reading In an English mag arfne a series of articles In an English parliament, presenting in graphic lan guage the dramatic scenes enacted In , the British legislature. He never for got the picture, ne hunted "up every thing In the library he could And bear ing upon this subject and devoured It. and from that day to this has never wavered In his determination to play an active part in the stirring scenes on his country's political stage. Prepares For Public Life, Mr. Wilson began bis preparation at nee. He subordinated his regular col lege work to the task of fitting himself for public life. He devoted all his energy and every faculty he possessed to tlio furnishing and the training of his mind to the end that he might be an authority on gov ernment and the history of govern- Was Studiously He Assumes on tiient and be a leader in the affairs of his country. No man ever subjected himself to sterner discipline or worked more steadfastly toward a fixed goal. He first taught himself to write short hand in order that he might make rap id digests of what he read and heard. He also practiced composition assid uously and extemporaneous speaking that he might be skilled and ready in offhand debate. In those days he was not remarka bly ready in extempore speaking. To day he is without a peer In the nation In the art. During the first year at Princeton Wilson Joined Whig Hall, the literary debating society founded by James M. Adlsou, who also wrote its constitution. Its rival society at Princeton was Cliff Hall, and the annual Lynde de bate, n extemporaneous discussion, the subject to be given to the debaters a few minutes before the debate was to begin, was the biggest tiling in a literary way at the college. Young Wilson very soon established himself as the leading spirit of the Whig Hall society and was easily Its best debat er. To win this annual debate, hi which three representatives from each of the two halls participated, was the thing that Wilson most coveted. Each hall selected Its debaters by a prelimi nary contest within its own society, also an extemporaneous affair. Took Sides by Lot. On the evening of the preliminary contest the subject was "Protection Versus Free Trade." The debaters took sides by lot. Wilson drew "pro tection" side from the hat, ton; up the slip and returned to his scat. lie said nothing under heaven could induce him to advance arguments for a thing in which he didn't believe. The Lynde prize, therefore, went to some one else. Wilson did not shine with any great effulgence in his regular college course, lie stood forty first in a class of 122. This was tiie famous class of '7!), one of Its members being Mahlon C. Pitney of the supreme court bench. About this time his natural aptitude for leadership began to crop out, and before his first year was over lie was universally recognized at Princeton as the leading freshman nnd one of the master spirits of the entire student body. He later became managing edi tor of the Princetonian. While nt Princeton he wrote a search ing article on congress which at once stamped him as a youth of extraordi nary caliber. This article was pub lished in the International Review, and in it the young Princetonian pointed out that most of the legislative busi ness of the nation was carried on by sun!! ommitlees behind closed doors. This was the first time the matter had ever been brought home to the people of the country, and it started them tu thinking. Advocated Open V7ork. Wilson made the point that the na tion's business ought to be done In the open, ought to be thrashed out in pub lic discussion. Even at that early day he lifted up his voice against secrecy. He declared that was the atmosphere in which evil and corruption flourished and that the only remedy was pub licity. After leaving Princeton Woodrow Wilson went to the University of Vir ginia, that great Institution of liberal learning founded by Thomas Jefferson. He spent a year there stddylng In the law department. At the University of Virginia Wilson was also a leader. He took a more active Interest in sports; Joined the glee dub; he organized a debating so ciety nnd easily won both the writer's and the orator's prizes. Here also be acquired the reputation of being a great Joker. He composed nonsense rimes and limericks with wonderful facility. In this love for wholesome nonsense nnd his keen, dry humor Mr. Wilson Is very much like Lincoln. He further resembles the great liberator in his perfect simplicity and his democracy. Young Wilson hnd taken up the study of the lnw. recognizing it as the most direct avenue lending to a public life. As soon as he had completed his stud ies at Charlottesville lie went to At lanta to launch his legal career. He joined partnership with a young man who also had just completed bis col lege work. Iteulck was bis name, and the shingle of Renlck & Wilson was swung out. Many Young Lawyers. But the young men were strangers in Atlanta. Moreover, there were many lawyers there, and, moreover again, nearly every one had a relative practicing law. And so he found time to elaborate the article he had written while at Princeton into a book. But be was unable to find in Atlanta the facilities he needed to complete the volume, so in the autumn of 1883 he entered Johns Hopkins university and took up a course in history and po litical economy. In making his Investigations Wilson desired nothing lint the facts. His re searches were prodigious, and Ambns sador James Bryce found him of great assistance while he was compiling his "American Commonwealth." The re Mlt of Wilson's two years' work al . altimore was his book, "Congresslon i Government A Study of the Gov ernment by Committee." It wo the first account ever given Schooled For March Fourth I of the way Americans actually do gov- j eru themselves. - J The book met with lustant success. ; It was at once recognized as a final, ' standard work, and Is so recognized to day. After receiving his degree at Johns Hopkins Dr. Wilson was called to a professorship in the new college for women at Bryn Mawr. Weds Ellen Axson, However, he took advantage of his vacation that summer to Journey to Savannah, Ua., and marry Miss Ellen Louise Axson, the daughter of a loug line of Georgia clergymen. The next three years Dr. Wilson remained at Bryn Mawr teaching history and po litical economy. But. he spent the two years following at Wesleyan univer sity at Middletown, Conn., teaching the same subjects. During his stay at Wesleyan Dr. Wilson published another book, "The State," in which again was revealed that amazing grasp on governmental affairs and the history of all govern ments from the very licglunlng. The trustees of Princeton, finding the chair of Jurisprudence and politics vacant In the autumn of 18!K). at once turned to the now distinguished alum nus of Old Nassau and offered him the chair. He accepted with pride and Joy. For the next twelve years, 18!)() to 1002, Dr. Wilson lectured to his class es at Princeton, worked on his history, "A History of the American People," and added dally to his reputation nt home and abroad. Princeton had nev er before seen anything like his classes. His lectures were so popular that near ly every student wanted to take Ills course, it was a daily occurrence for the members of his class to rise to their feet at the conclusion of his lec ture and cheer him to the echo until he passed out of hearing. Elected at Princeton. In 1902 Dr. Wilson was elected pres ident of Princeton. A change was needed In the administrative affairs of the university, and the trustees recog nized Dr. Wilson as the man to effect them. But he had hardly assumed his new otllce before he found hlmsVlf confronted with a trying situation. Princeton has been called a country club for rich men's sons. However much or little It deserves this appella tion, the fact remains that It possesses more exclusive clubs than any other great institution in the country. There is n whole street of them, and yet their total membership Is confined to .'!."0. These clubs are composed exclusively of the two upper" classmen. This caddish aristocracy, abhorrent to the American spirit and equally ab horrent to President Wilson, had nour ished at Princeton for years until that institution was little more than a loung ing pi ace for the gilded sons of the rich. Dr. Wilson went in to change the whole thing. He proposed the es tablishing of the students In quadran gles nnd "quads," each one to be com posed of a certain number of students from each class, together with precep tors. In other words, he tried to Inject democratic spirit- into the university life. Immediately he was denounced as a "leveler," a "Socialist." a man who wanted to "make a gentleman chum with a mucker." At first the trustees had approved the "quad" plan by vote, but when this storm of protest and abuse broke they were frightened Into withdrawing their approval. ' Then there was the long fight over the graduate college, in which instance a donor wanted to dictate to the trus tees how his money was to be used. Dr. Wilson caused the trustees to re fuse the donation, nnd then nnother storm broke over his head for daring to refuse money for Old Nassau. Efforts Went For Naught, But his efforts went for naught. An old graduate of Princeton died and left the college $3,000,000 for a grad uate college to be built nway from the main buildings, just as the other donor hnd wished, and because the man was dead his wishes had to be obeyed, and President Wilson was defeated. But his splendid stand for democracy and work at Princeton was not over looked by the people of New Jersey, and so they called him away from the Irksome affairs at the university to be their governor and thus launched him upon a political career which for bril liance and rapidity of fine achieve ment is unparalleled in this country. Mr. Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey by a plurality of about 50,000. The platform on which be ran contained much that is called radical, and up to this time the governor bad been regarded as conservative. But he stood square on the platform and dedicated njl bis energies and abilities to the carrying out of every pledge contained In that platform. The president elect has three daugh tersMiss Eleanor Randolph Wilson, Miss Jessie Woodrow Wilson and Miss Margaret Woodrow Wilson. These young women, like their fa ther, are simple In their manners and tastes. They nre skillful tennis play ers nnd horsewomen and are exceed ingly popular among their associates. They have no great fondness for for mal society nor for the limelight. They nre modest, unliable, bright young wo men, who are thoroughly convinced that their illustrious father Is "the grandiVt man In the world." Cincin nati Enquirer. A.T. PATRICK IS GRANTEOPARDON Was Serving Lite Sentence In Sing Sing tor Murder. CONVICTED OF KILLING RICE Alleged to Hve Instigated Slaying of Aged Millionaire Saved From Elec trie Chair by Late Governor Higgms in December, 1906. Albany, N. Y., Nov. 28. Albert T. Patrick, who Is serving a life sentence In Sing Sing prison for the murder of Will'iun Marsh Kice, an aged million aire, In New York city, on Sept 23, 1900. was pardoned by Governor Dlx. Patrick, who was saved from the electric chair by the late Governor Higgms in D.x-ember, 190G, has made a remaikable fight for freedom. A lawyer by profession, he protested when Governor Hlggins commuted the death sentence to life Imprison ment, dechn lng the governor had no legal right to cancel the original sen tence and Impose a punishment of life imprisonment. Governor Dlx said Superintendent of State Prisons Scott and scores of prominent persons appealed to him in Patrick's behalf. The pardon was mailed to Warden Kennedy of Sing Sing and Patrick may ho released up on its receipt. It Is said Patrick plans to leave for St. Louis, the homo of John T. Mill! ' .! it ALBERT T. PATRICK. ken, brother-in-law, but may return later to New York as a claimant for the millions ieft by the aged man with whose murder he was charged. Mr. MUliken aided Patrick in his fight fot freedom nnd it Is reported will assist him In his efforts to prove his inno cence. At no time during his long incar ceratlon In Sing Sing, four years of which were spent In the death house, has Pntrlck given up the hope of so curing his freedom. letter after let er has been lecelved at the executive chamber urging that he be pardoned, and each succeeding governor since Ciovernor Odel has been requested to extend executive clemency. Governor Hleglns was so Impressed with the prisoner' plea that he granted hint three respitep and eventually com muted his sntcnc from death to life Imprisonment. . A8K AID FOR RURAL SCHOOLS County Superintendents of 8outh Da kota Take Advanced Step, Mitchell, S D., Nov. 28. The coun ty superintendents of the state dur ing the session of the South Dakota Educational association took an ad vanced step In furthering the Interests of the rural schools of the state, on the ground that they have been neg Ucted too long, and that the school children of the country precincts have not had a fair and equal show with those of the cities and towns to get an education. Resolutions were adopted which recommends to the coming legislative session state aid for the rural schools. Fitzgerald Buys Stock In Car Company Chicago, Nov. 28. Government counsel at the trial of George W. Fitz gerald, charged with embezzlement of 173,OOn from the Chicago subtreas ury, 'ntrodnced evidence to show that Fitzgerald had been active In the formation of the Illinois Car Manu facturing company in 1908 and 1909. Orr Sherman, secretary of the car company, was called to the stand and testified that Pltzirerald subscribed for ' f 8,000 worth of stock In the company. I' i v 1 1 PEACE ENVOYS MEET AGAIN Continuance ot Nsgcilations Causes Lessening of Tension. TURKISH STRENGTH INCREASED Thirty Thousand of Finest Mn in Ottoman Army Are Moved Up to Tchataija Lines in Front of Constan tinopleNow Number 102,000. London, Nov. 2S The tension in the Balkan crisis is sensibly relieved by the news that the peace plenipoten tiaries are continuing their negotia tions and that Great Britain and Ger many are working actively to secure a peaceful settlement between Austria and Servla. According to one Constantinople re port, the difficulties in the way of ar ranging a formal armistice are bo great that the negotiations are taking the form of seeking a basis for peace. The danger of the reopening of hos tilities, however. Is still serious. Ap parently only an Informal armistice of forty-eight hours has been agreed up on, and it Is reported that the Bul garian forces are already moving closer to the Tchataija lines and en trenching themselves in readiness to renew the attack. The report that the Servians have reached Purazr.o appears to he prema ture. A wireless dispatch brings the news that Albanian Independence has been proclaimed there; that the Turkish governor Is preparing to depart and that the town Is accepting without opposition the new regime. According to an officer of high au thority, Hie Turks at. the Tchataija lines now number 1 02.n0 and tliey will soon bf Increased to 130,0(11). Those fr:iin the Black sea, HO.OiiO strong, are the pick of the army. All are novs well fed. It Is now asserted that Austria-Hun-tary Is prepared to agree to the ques tions concerning the future of Al banla and the deslr-3 of Servla for a port on tho Adriatic sen being settled in connection with all other issues by the Balkan war as was recently pro posed by Premier Asquith. . If tills change of the Austro-ITun-gnrlan attitude should be confirmed tho dangerous pressure at present ex isting will be removed. LEAD REPLACES GOLD Shipment From Bank of England to Egyptian Concern Robbed of $50,000. London, Nov. 2S. A daring and mysterious robbery Is being investi gated by the London, continental and Egyptian police. Tho amount Involved 'b about $50,000. Ten days ngo the Bank of Kngland dispatched J?50,noo In sovereigns, with the usual precautions, to the Credit L-yminnis at Alexandria, Kgypt, and on the way $50,000 was abstracted from the hagr, and lead substituted. Memhcr of Tarring Party Sentenced Norwalk, O., Nov. 28. Krnest Welch convicted two weeks ago of assault and battery in connection with ths tarring of Minnie ji Valley at West Clarkstleld last August, was sentenced to spend six months in the workhouse at Toledo and pay a fine of $500. This was the extreme penalty. Ireland Will Have Minister. London, Nov. 28. Premier Asquith stated In the house of commons that after the home rule bill hnd passed thero would be a minister who would answer for Ireland, but It wns tmpos sible to say Just now whnt his precise designation would he. Daniel H. Wheeler Is Dead. Omaha, Nov. 28. After a month's 411 nos with pnralysls, Daniel H. Wheeler died at his home here. Mr. Wheeler was seventy-eight years old GRAIN AND PROVISIONS Closing Quotations on the Chicago Board of Trade. Chicago, Ncv. 27. Closing prices: Wheat Dec, 85i.de; May, 90T,c. Corn Dec, 47c; May, 48c. Oats Dec. 31'4c; May, 32',..c Fork Jan., $19.30; May, $18.62. Lard Nov., $11.25; Dec, $10.95-7' Ribs Jan., $10.27Va: May, $9.924. Chicago Csh Price No. 2 hard wheat, 8C87Vjc; No. 2 yellow corn, old, C8',jc; No. 2 white oats, 34VjC Cnlcago Live Stock. Chicago, Nov. 27. Cattle Receipts 16,500: steady to shade up; beeves, $5.35 11.00; western steers, $5.50 9.20; Mockers and feeders, $4.3507.60; cows and belfers, $2.757.50; calves, $6.5010.25. Hogs Receipts, 33,000; shade lower; light, $7.357.75; heavy, $7.35TJ7 85; rouRh, $7.2507.05; pigs, $5.7507.60; bulk, $7.607.80. Sheep Receipts, 25,000; steady; natives, $3.504.60; westerns, $3.754.50; yearlings, $4.754,6.10; lambs. $5.60 7.50. South Omaha Live Stock. South Omahn. Nov. 27. Cattle Re ceipts, 1,500; 10??15e higher; beeves, $(.25((( 9 00; cows and heifers, $4.50 6.40; blockers nnd feeders, $5.75J? M0; bulls, $4.S5(f?5.35; calves, $5.25 9.00. Hogs Receipts. 12 200; Ec hlsh- er; bulk of sales, $7.4;)(rT7 K5; top, $7.io. Sheep Receipts. 3,900; 15(b 20c higher, lambs, $5.35!Ti7.1.rt: wethers, $3..15(fM.35; ewes, $3 004.15 MUST PROCURE NEW BONDS Fourteen Accused of Dynamite Conspiracy Ma) Lose Freedom. PRESENT BONDS INDEMNIFIED President Ryan and Vice President' Butler of Iron Workers' Union Es. cape New Ruling of Court by Change in Conditions. Indianapolis, Nov. 28. On the ground that their present bonds, ag gregating 5103,000, were Indemnified and therefore invalid, fourteen of the forty-five defendants In the "dynamite conspiracy" trial were Instructed by the court that "within a reasonable time" they must procure new bonds oi remain In jail during the Intervals be tween sessions of the trial. Three other defendants, Herbert S. liockln of Indianapolis and Edward Sinythe and James E. Ray of Peoria have been confined in tho county Jail In the custody of federal officers for several days because they were una ble to furnish bonds aggregating $15, 000. In the argument over tho point Judge Anderson accused Alfred R llovey of the defense's counsel of he big "Insolent" to the court, adding, "If you repeat the offense I'll put you where you w'll need some bonds." Indemnity for Ryan Withdrawn. At first District Attorney Charles W. Mi'ler included Frank M. Ryan president of tho International Associ ation of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, and John T. Butler, vie president, of (he union, among those whose bonds he said were Indemnified but later attorneys for them an nounced that the Indemnity had been withdrawn. Those ngnliiKt whom the court mice must furnish new bonds or be taker In custody are: Prank K. Painter ol Omnha, Frank C. Webb of New York Clarence E. Dowd of Rochester, Will iam K. Benson of East Gal way, N. Y.: George Anderson nnd Peter J. Smith of Cleveland, lllrnm M. CHne of Mun cle, Bid : Snurgenn F. Mondows of In dlanapolis. Daniel Buckley of Rock Isl and, III.: P. A. Cooley of New Orleans Frank .1. Murphy nnd Charles Wach melster of Detroit, Henry W. Legleit r.er of Denver nnd ,T. E. Munscy ol .Salt Lake, Utah. ASKS BANK INFORMATION Money Trust Committee ' Renews Re quest to Comptroller Murray. Washington. Nov. 28. The house money trust rommlttco applied tt Ijiwrcnce O. Murray, comptroller ol Uio currency, for information concern ing the organization anil operation ol the big national bunks. The requesl was inado by Samuel Unten.ieyer counsel for tli" committee, who asked the names f stockholders, the chnrac ter of sec unties and a list, of imnkt with trust company adjuncts. Comp i roller Murray took the matter u; with Secretary MacVeagh, who will refer It to President Tuft. Previous reipieKts of Mie committee for some what similar Information are alrcad) the subject of consideration by tli( president and attorney general. Gompers Goes to Washington. Rochester, N. Y Nov. 28. Presl dent Samuel Gompers of the Amer ican Federation of Labor, who hai been suffering from a severe cold and threatened pneumonia, is so much lm proved that he left for Washington The convention of the building trades department of the federation was com polled to ndjourn Its session becnusv committees had not finished thei? work. Kills Man Who Eloped With Mother Marlon, O., Nov. 28. Vito Bene lltto, a boy of fourteen, stabbed An tonlo Hteplnno to death as he slop here, he Raid, becnuse Stephano ban eloped from Frceport, 111., with th boy's mother. A wnrrant charging ttu boy with the killing was Issued nnd the mother a'so was taken Into ens tody. The toy said his father Is t (Obbler at Frceport. Papers Found In McCormlck's File. Chicago, Nov. 28. Papers wanter by the government In its suit to dls solve the International Harvestei company were found In the private flies of Cyrus H. McCormlck, after ol flclals of the harvester concern had testified on the witness stand that they had been unable to find them. Striking Trainmen Tie Up Steel Mills. Pittsburgh, Nov. 28. Striking train men of the Carnegie Steel company succeeded In tying up the Homestead and Rankin mills and furnaces In al most all departments, hut at Braddock seven locomotives were working and two blnst furnaces were in operation. President Attends Funeral of Rayner. Washington, Nov. 28. President Taft, many members of the senate and house of representatives and public men who had been his friends nnd as Boclates for years attended the funeral services for Senator Isador Rayner. Bowling Tournament In March. Minneapolis, Nov. 28. As tho result of a visit here by It P. Malone, presi dent of the International Bowling as sociation, It has been decided that the annual tournament of that organl.a t or. will be held here In March.