! '
WORKMEN FIND A "BIRD BTONkV
FANOIRAMflC IREVflEW OF TIE YEAEL 0(0)2
Happenings of Importance During The
Twelve Months Just Ended
CoaJ Sirike the Event of the
Year of the Most Fr-RecK-n
Importance Public Sen
timent Thoroughly Arousru
Over the Controversy.
The year of 1302 opened with the as
rid certainty of the early coming of
peace In the Philippine and South Af
rica, and with the date for tho establish
ment of an Independent government In
Cuba already determined; the Congress
of the United States was rapidly ap
proaching the favorable determination of
Ita great problem of the construction of
an isthmian ship canal, and abroad Ger
many and England were almost ready
for combined action against Venezuela
In the matter oT those name debt claims
which in the concluding day of the year
have been the cause for a new strain in
the Interpretation of the Monroe doctrine.
Hut as the outcome proved, not even
the greatest of these matters possessed
for the people of the United States such
Vital importance an another event, which
was far from being foreseen at the time,
ami which, when It came, gave at the
start little reason to suspect what Its
course and conclusion would be. This
was the great strike in the anthracite
coal minea of Pennsylvania, which lasted
through the summer and fall.
It was not merely that this was one of
the greatrst strikes in the history of the
United States for the number of men en
gaged, the length of Its duration and the
obstinacy with which it was fought; nor
was it because of the mere fact of the
Inconvenience and loss occasioned by It
to the public; nor yet because in securing
Its settlement the President of the United
States was forced te take control of the
situation by acting In a manner for which
there was nothing in the constitution or
customs of the land to give Justification.
Beyond all these things the strike was
the most pregnant event of the year, be
cause of the way It crystallized sentiment
on the part of that great body of the
American public the consumers who
were concerned In it neither as employ
era nor as laborers, but who were forced,
by the jeopardizing of their own Inter
est as consumers, to intervene for their
own protection.
It was the approach of wlnfer. with
cal-yards empty and the mines un
worked. that caused the public to lay
aside all old prejudices on one side or
the other, penetrate directly to the heart
of the problem as to which of the op
ponents was the one responsible for the
lick of settlement, and then bring pres
sure to bear that could not be disregard
ed. Dating from the year 1902 it is safe to
mi y that not even the most signilicant
strike will be contested without a more
real recognition of the rights of the long
suffering third party, the consumer, than
has ever been accorded before. The wide
spread sentiment that manifested itself
for government ownership of the coal
mines and the still wider demand for the
strictest government regulation of them.
In default of ownership, are other things
to be numbered among the permanent
results of the strike.
The strike began May 12. and the. min
ers tid not yield an inch in their resolu
tion until they voted to return to work
Oct. 21. after arbitration had been ar
ranged for. The number of men involved
'was 147.000. The price of hard coal In New
'York, where the factories were accus-
itomed to no other fuel, rose from 13 to
'as high as J20 a ton. with often no sup
plies to be had. The demand of the min
ers was in part for higher wages, but
still more for a regulated and fair meth
od of weighing and recording the product
of the men. by which the union, acting
as an organization, could protect its
I members' interests.
The mine owners, organized In the most
(thorough monopoly In the country, and
represented by the presidents of the coal
carrying railroads, seemed to welcome
the strike, and contemptuously declined
all proposals of arbitration, from what
ever source. Whether their attitude was
.dictated by a desire to obtain larger hold
ings of stork in a demoralized market or
to make possible permanent higher prices
for coal, or from a deep antagonism to
organized labor, was a matter only for
speculation on the part of outsiders.
Through the strike there has risen as
tone of the greatest among the great flg
jurea of Americans of the day. that of
IJohn Mitchell, the young leader of the
Mine Workers' Union, who June 17. at
Indianapolis, prevented the bituminous
coal miners from striking in sympathy,
who carried on the strike with less ac
companying violence than was ever
.known in so great industrial disorganiza
tion before, and who. despite great per
Isonal aggravation from his opponents"
methods, maintained a serenity that
helped not a little In the clear-sighted
progress which he made to ultimate vlc
itory. With the finding of President
'Roosevelt's commission of arbitration
,next spring will come the end. as far
)a its immediate Incidents are concerned,
'of an industrial struggle that would nev
er have begun had the representatives of
capital showed themselves as true to
their agreements and as Intetligent In
'their views as did the representatives of
labor.
Independence of Cuba.
Of the two great events of the year In
connection with the treatment by the
United States of the islands that fell
under Its Influence as a result of the
Spanish war. the first was the inaugura
tion of Independent government in Cuba.
The Cuban Independence day. when Pres
ident Pa I ma took control of the execu
tive office, was May 20. Just three days
after young Alfonso attained his ma
jority and became king of Spain in fact.
The popular election had been held Iec.
31. 1J)1. and the electoral college had
chosen the Islands president Keb. 24.
The American military governor. Gen.
Leonard Wood. lowered the American
flag and left tbe island to its own re
sources. Peace in the Philippines.
The Philippine Islands were declared
by proclamation of the President July
4. to be in a state of prace and quiet and
worthy of th-- establishment of the civil
In piace of military government, for
which Congress had provided. With this
went a proclamation of amnesty to po
litical offenders and civil administration
began.
Through Gov. Taft. the first American
envoy ever sent to Rome, arrangements
were made with the pope, not formally,
but practically, by which the friars'
lands In the Philippines shall be trans
ferred to the United States, to be resold
to the Filipinos themselves. The Philip
pine islands were given a 2j per cent
reduction on the Dingiey tariff rates at
the last session of Congress, and the
present session 1 considering the further
reduction of this ao that the reduction
will be 75 per cent that 1. that only 25
per cent of the schedule duties need be
jald.
The Year's Legislation.
' Of national legislation during the year
there was nana of more Importance to
either the commerce or the naval power
pt the country than that authorizing
he construction of an Isthmian canal.
After much discussion of the relative
merits of the Panama and the Nlcara
STuan routes. Congress made provision
for a f200.000.OCO bond Issue and passed
m law which gave President Roosevelt
the power to decide upon the route.
Of other legislation tbe passage of the
national irrigation act, turning over the
revenues from the national domain for
the use of a comprehensive scheme of
Irrigation, and the creation of a perma
nent census bureau are to be noted. To
relieve the congestion of an ever-accumulating
surplus. Congress removed the
last of the war revenue taxes tuid passed
the largest river and harbor bill in the
country's history appropriating $5.0O0.
000. A 10-cent a pound tax on colored
oleomargarine, so heavy as practically
to cut that industry in half, was Im
posed. Important Judicial Decision.
The most important Judicial decision
of the year concerning industrial com
binations was that of the United States
Supreme Court. March 10. declaring the
Illinois anti-trust law void because It ex
cepted from Its scope combinations of the
producers or raisers of agricultural prod
ucts or live stock.
End of the Boer War.
The Boer war was brought to an end
May 31 by, the signing at Pretoria by
the Boer representatives, together with
Lords Kitchener and Mllner. of a docu
ment embodying terms of surrender.
The Boers' persistence In the conflict
and England were acting la harmony
on a plan to compel Venezuela to pay a
few millions of debts due their subjects.
It was understood they had given the
United States assurances that they
would not in any way overstep the
limits set by the United States in the
Monroe doctrine. Their plans were
dropped during the spring and summer,
however, while President Castro of Ven
ezuela found himself busy in suppressing
a rather more than usually pretentious
revolution. In the last month of the
year German and Kngllsh fleets sudden
ly appeared off Venezuelan ports, sank
Venezuelan ships and announced their
Intention to blockade the ports and seize
the customs to make good the debts.
Arbitration at The Hague was not
wanted by the European powers, as they
feared Castro would pay no heed to a
decision against him, and for that rea
son a proposal was made to President
Roosevelt to become the arbitrator. The
vital feature of this demand was that
It sought to Impose on the United States
some responsibility under the Monroe
doctrine, along with the authority ad
mitted to it. Upon the refusal of Presi
dent Roosevelt to act as arbitrator the
allied powers linally yielded to his ur
gent suggestion that the matters at is
sue be referred to The Ilugue tribunal
for settlement.
Matters of General Interest.
Of matters of other than political or
industrial import during the year two
which will be at once thought of are
Carnegie's $10,000,000 gift to the Carnegie
institution for the fostering of sclentitic
research and investigation and Cecil
Rhodes' great gift of his fortune by will
disasters In history curing the volcanic
activity In the West Indian islands, when
Mont Pelee's eruption on Martinique
killed, with a handful of exceptions,
every living being of the city of St.
Pierre, 40,000 souls. The response of
America to the story of suffering was
such a prompt creation of both govern
ment and private relief funds as to add
an additional great surprise to the many
the United States has given to tbe world
In the last few years.
At the ending of the year nothing, per
haps, more striking can be mentioned
than the Immense business that Is be
ing handled by the transportation lines
of the country, the shortage of engines
and cars, despite the crowding of all fac
tories for their construction to the full
limit; the blockading of roads with
freight that cannot be handled in short,
the plethora East. West. North and
South of the business in which the mer
chants of the country are engaged. Ac
companying thJs has come toward the
end of the year a very general increase
of railroad employes' salaries, approx
imating in most cases 10 per cent.
Decrease in Lynching.
The lynchings reported in V.Wi show a
most gratifying decrease, being but ninety-six
as compared with 135 in 1901. Of
these lynchings eighty-seven occurred
in the South and nine in the North. Of
the total number eighty-six were ne
groes, nine whites and one Indian. One
woman was lynched in South Carolina.
Embezzlements of 1902.
The record of embezzling, forgery, de
faulting, and bank wrecking for 1902
shows a considerable increase, being $6,-
Terrible Disaster at Martinique the Most
Appalling Calamity.
Fires 1.540; Mines 848
Drowning 2.008! Cyclones and
ExDloslons 52Ci storms 8t
Falling Build- Lightning 206
ines. etc 4191 Klectrlcit V "I
Trusts Formed During the Year.
New trusts, with a total capital of al
most $4,000,000,000. were formed during
1902. Of this vast capital over seven-
elehths. or approximately JX700.Ou0.0O0,
was the capital of the combines formed
In New Jersey. New York, Delaware and
Maine. The other companies were scat'
tered over all the other states. The to
tal la only about J200.000.000 below the In
corporations of 1901. when the billion dol
lar steel trust and the J4O0.000.0O0 North
em Securities Company were formed.
King Edward's Coronation.
What was expected to have born th
most gorgeous spectacle of modern times
was the coronation of King Edward VII
of England at Westminster Abbey on
June 26. In anticipation of the event the
British Empire had been preparing be
fore 1U02 began and the end of tiie Eoer
war was even more welcome, because it
enabled Edward to don his crown In a
time of perfect peace. As the days drew
Legislation of Importance Dealt
With by Congress Shadow
Cast by the Venezuelan Em
brojjlio About to Be Lifted
End of Boer War.
VSi(e
REVIEW OF YEAR.
THE CHIEF EVENTS
m Us
5
JANUARY.
1 First election day In Cuba.
3 Steamer Walla Walla lost; 41 lives.
6 Jean de Block. Russian economist.
died.
7 Emperor returned to Pekln.
8 New York tunnel collision: 13 killed.
9 Nicaraguan bill passed, house.
11 Nixon. Tammany hall leader, died.
14 Kritish warship Condor lost; 130 lives.
17 Earthquake Chilpanclnjo. Mexico; 300
killed.
21 Aubrey de Vere died, London.
24 Treaty signed ceding Danish W. I.
27 Explosion In N. Y. subway; six killed.
25 Admiral Klmberly died, Newton.
23 Fleet St. Are. nine dead. Boston.
30 Fire at Norfolk. Va.; $500,000 loss.
31 Prof. Williams, Ohio Wesleyan Uni
versity, died.
FEBRUARY.
2 J2.000.000 Are. Waterbury. Conn.
8 Eire Paterson, N. J.; $6,000,000 loss.
10 Fire Springfield. Ohio; $600,000 loss.
11 Anglo-Japanese alliance.
' 12 Marquis of Dufferln died.
13 Fire South Mills. N. C; $500,000 loss.
13 William West, minstrel, died.
17 Senate ratified Danish treaty.
17 War revenue reduction passed.
15 Rev. Newman Hall died. London.
18 Kellogg sanitarium. Battle Creek.
burned; $483,000 loss.
20 Troops shot rioters, Barcelona.
20 Fire New York city: $750,000 loss.
21 Bishop Latane. Baltimore, died.
22 Park Ave. hotel burned. New York.
22 "Billy" Emerson died. Boston.
23 Miss Stone freed by brigands.
2:1 Prince Henry reached New York.
24 Boers captured a convoy.
24 Prince Henry at White House.
25 Kaiser's yacht launched.
25 Ship Jules Jean Baptlste lost: SO lives.
2d Victor Hugo centenary. Paris.
27 McKinley memorial service. Wash.
MARCH.
2 Francis W. Parker died. Miss.
4 Philippine tariff passed, house.
4 Congressman Polk. Penn.. died.
7 Gen. J. J. Estey died, Vermont.
7 Boers captured Gen. Methuen.
11 Prince Henry left United States.
12 John P. Altgeld died. Illinois.
13 Gen. A. P. Martin died, Boston.
13 Gen. Methuen freed by Boers.
15 Wages advanced 10 per cent. Fall
River.
17 Life savers drowned, Monomoy; 7
lives.
17 Ship subsidy passed, senate.
IS Fire Hoboken. N. J.; $1,000,000 loss.
20 Judge Noah Davis died, N. Y.
22 Judge Taft of Vermont died.
24 Ma J. Gen. Otis retired.
26 Cecil Rhodes died. South Africa.
APRIL.
1 Thos. Dunn English died, N. J.
3 12 hotels burned, Atlantic City; $1,000.-
000 loss.
11 Boer war 2 years old.
11 Gen. Wade Hampton died. S. C.
12 Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage died. Wash
ington.
IS Cuban reciprocity passed, house.
18 Guatemala earthquake; 2.000 dead.
19 Morgan steamship trust launched.
20 Frank R. Stockton died. Washington.
20 Steamer City of Pittsburg lost; 70
lives.
20 Fire Dallas. Texas; $400,000 loss.
27 Archbishop Williams died, aged SO.
27 J. Sterling Morton died, Chicago.
27 Fire Glens Falls. N. Y. ; $500,000 loss.
28 Sol Smith Russell died, Washington.
MAY.
1 W. H. Moody, secretary of navy.
2 Amos J. Cummings of New York died.
4 Potter Palmer died, Chicago.
5 Archbishop Corrigon died. New York.
5 Bret Harte died. London..
6 Admiral Sampson died. Washington.
6 Fire New Milford. Conn.; $500,000 loss.
8 Paul Ford, author, killed. New York.
8 St. Pierre destroyed by volcano; 40,-
000 lives.
8 Volcanic eruption, St. Vincent; 2.00
lives.
2 Coal strike began.
12 Explosion naphtha, Pittsburg; 23
killed.
12 Steamer Camarta lost. Bay of Bengal;
730 lives.
17 Alfonso XIII crowned. Spain.
17 $400,000 fire. Houlton. Me. .
IS Tornado In Texas; 160 dead.
19 Bishop Taylor died. California.
19 Mine explosion Fraterville. Teun.; 200
Killed
20 Natal day. republic of Cuba.
20 Palma, president of Cuba.
through 25
20 Edwin Lawrence Godkln died.
21 Bradbury piano works, Brooklyn,
burned: $500,000 loss.
22 Annie Clarke died. Chicago.
23 Mine explosion Fernle. B. C: 175 lives.
24 Rochambeau statue unveiled, Wash
ington.
24 Lord Pauncefote died. Washington.
26 Benjamin-Constant. French painter,
died.
31 Boer war ended; two years seven
months twenty days.
JUNE.
3 Philippine government bill through
senate.
3 Rev. John H. Barrows died. Ohio.
4 Ard Patrick won the Derby.
u Volcanic eruption, Guatemala; 1,000
lives.
7 M. Combes, premier of France.
7 Amnesty for Americans, Cuba.
5 Rev. G. H. Hepworth died. New York.
9 Anti-anarchy bill passed, house.
9 President Patton, Princeton, resigned.
11 West Point centennial.
13 Fire Alexander City, Ala. : $750,000 loss,
19 King Albert of Saxony died.
22 Fire Portland, Oregon; $600,000 loss.
24 King Edward's surgical operation.
24 Coronation postponed. England.
24 Henry Hopkins, president of Wil
liams. 23 Forest fires In Colorado; $1,000,000 loss.
5 Great windstorm, Indiana; $2,000,000
loss.
26 Philippine government bill
house.
28 Roosevelt signed canal bill.
JULY.
3Treaty of amity with Spain.
4 Peace declared In Philippines.
7 Marshall Williams, Ohio chief justice,
died.
10 "Mrs. Alexander" died, London.
12 Kitchener back In England.
12 Archbishop Feehan died, Chicago.
13 Lord Salisbury resigned.
13 Balfour, premier of England.
13 Liang Chen Tung, minister to United
States.
14 Gen. Davis In command, Manila.
17 Isles of Shoals, 14 drowned.
20 John W. Mackay died. London.
21 Steamer Premier sunk, Elbe river,
Germany; 60 lives.
22 Cardinal Ledochowskl died. Rome.
22 Archbishop Croke died, Ireland.
25 Korea's independence guaranteed.
25 Jeffries whipped Fitzsimmons.
28 Rabbi Joseph, head American ortho
dox Jews, died.
29 Fire Pittsburg. Pa.; $200,000 loss.
29 Paul Vandervoort, former G. A. R.
commander, died.
30 Troops out, Pennsylvania coal fields.
AUGUST.
1 Rev. Atkinson drowned. Plymouth.
6 Outlaw Tracy dead, Oregon.
6 Col. Hooker died, Brattleboro.
6 Barcelona. Venezuela, sacked.
9 Edward VII crowned. London.
10 Senator McMillan of Michigan died.
15 Luther R. Marsh died. New York.
16 Boer generals in England.
18 Prof. Schenk died, Austria.
15 Volcano eruption Torishima. Japan;
150 lives.
20 Explosion paper mill Wilmington. Del
aware; 10 lives.
20 War maneuvers, northeast coast.
20 Cronje left St. Helena.
21 Gen. Sigel died. New York.
22 Roosevelt on New England tour.
29 Dan Patch, mile 1:591$.
30 Another eruption. Mt Pelee.
SEPTEMBER.
1 Thirty-eight vessels lost. Algoa bay,
Africa; 70 lives.
2 Edward Eggleston. author, died.
8 Roosevelt Injured. Plttsfleld.
6 Prof. Virchow died. Berlin.
6 Roosevelt on southern tour.
6 Germans sank gunboat, Hayti.
7 Magazine exploded. Governor's Island.
8 U. S. treasury, $574,000,000 gold.
11 United States warships sent to Pan
ama.
12 Alex. R. ("Boss") Shepherd, died.
13 Forest 1'res Oregon and Washington;
loss. 500.000; 38 lives.
14 W. S. ;ratton died. Colorado.
15 Judge Horace Gray died, Nahant.
16 Nlchola- Fish killed. New York.
16 Henderson's declination, Iowa.
17 Mine explosion BlueBeld. W Va.; 17
lives.
IS Peary failed to reach pole.
20 Roosevelt on western trip.
21 Second eruption Mont Pelee; 1,600
lives.
24 Third eruption Mont Pelee; 2,000 lives.
23
11
26 Cyclone in Sicily: 500 killed.
27 Railroad wreck Arlcux. France;
killed.
28 Fire Stockton. Cal.: $300,000 loss.
29 Emlle Zola died. Paris.
OCTOBER.
1 Admiral Jouett died, Maryland.
1 Roosevelt summoned coal barons.
1 Schooner Sybil lost at sea; 100 lives.
1 Steamer Quirang lost at sea; 50 lives.
3 White House coal conference.
6 Pennsylvania militia all ordered out.
7 Ex-Congressman Grout died, Vermont.
S Miners voted to continue idle.
9 Mine accident Black Diamond, Wash
ington; 17 lives.
9 Coral conference. New York.
13 Coal barons come to terms.
13 Lipton's challenge arrived.
15 Coal commission named.
15 Admiral Setfridge died. Waverley.
15 Another eruption of Soufriere.
15 Glucose works burned, Chicago;
lives.
16 Miners' convention called.
17 Kitchener to command, India.
18 Castro won 7-days' battle.
19 Fire Albany. N. Y. : $500,000 loss.
21 Coal strike declared off.
22 Denmark refuses to sell islands.
23 Coal mining resumed.
23 Congressman Russell of Connecticut
died.
24 Coal commission at work.
W. Wilson, pres. of Princeton.
Frank Norrls, author, died.
26 Elizabeth Cady Stanton died. New
York.
27 Prince Alert, one-half mile, 57?4s.
2S Volcanic eruption, Guatemala; 7.000
lives.
31 British cable around world.
NOVEMBER.
2 St. Pierre. Martinique, burned.
2 Steamer Enero lost off English coast;
22 lives.
4 Fireworks explosion Madison Square,
New York: 15 lives.
Bond-Hay treaty signed.
8 Judge Nathan Webb died. Maine.
10 Spanish cabinet resigned.
11 R. M. Field died, Boston.
11 Molineux acquitted. New York.
13 Railroad raised wages.
14 Boiler explosion Swift's packing
house, Chicago; 13 lives.
14 Roosevelt hunted bear, Mississippi.
15 Shots fired at King Leopold.
15 P. O. Vickery died, Maine.
16 Armour packing plant, Sioux City,
burned; loss, $900,000.
17 Building cup defender, Bristol.
21 Peace in Colombia.
21 Steamer sunk in Danube; 30 lives.
22 Wisconsin Central ore docks. Ash
land, Wis., burned: loss. $525,000.
22 Herr Krupp died, Germany.
24 Riots In Havana,
25 Thos. P. Ochiltree died. Virginia.
27 Cattle embargo. New England.
27 Steamer Sylvanus J. Macy lost. Lake
Erie; 18 lives.
27 Steamer Bannockburn lost. Lake Su
perior; 20 lives.
28 Rev. Joseph Parker died. London.
DECEMBER.
States
vM m
Supreme
2 Holmes for United
court bench. -
2 Message to Congress on trusts.
4 Minister Buck died. Japan.
6 Sllvela, premier of Spain.
6 Alice Freeman Palmer died, Paris.
7 Thos. Nast died. Ecuador.
7 Thos. B. Reed died, Washington.
8 Ultimatum to Venezuela.
9 Venezuelan ships sunk.
9 Castro arrested foreigners.
9 Fire Atlanta. Ga.: loss $1,000,000.
13 Puerto Cabello bombarded.
13 American sheet steel plant, Canal Do
ver, Ohio, burned; loss $1,000,000.'
14 Mrs. U. S. Grant died. Washington.
14 Laying new Pacific cable.
20 Venezuelan ports blockaded.
20 Humbert family, French swindlers.
arrested In Madrid.
20 $20,000,000 fund raised by Methodists.
20 Arbitration expected. Venezuela.
21 Wireless message across Atlantic.
22 Dr. Temple, archbishop of Canter
bury, died.
22 Railroad collision Byron, Cal.; 16
lives.
26 Mary Hartwell Catherwood, novelist,
died.
27 Storm Copenhagen, Denmark; 12 lives.
27 Railroad collision Wanstead, Ont.; 2S
lives.
30 Afentlst printing plant. Battle Creek.
3iicli., burned:
31 Castro agrees
tribunal.
loss. $500. COO.
to arbitration
Ha sue
1 SCJ&Cr.GCJGCri&CrSr:
ii
. ft &
had won for them the conditions on
which they had insisted when they were
ready to yield more than a year before.
They had not been holding out for Inde
pendence, but for clemency for their
leaders and for the return to South
Africa of the Boer prisoners on English
Islands. They gained these things and
also the gift of $15,000,000 in cash to be
used In the restoration of their agricul
ture, and promises of further loans as
thev needed them, together with the
assurance that self-government on colon
ial lines would be rapidly granted them.
Th Venezuela Imbroglio.
At tbe beginning of the year Germany
to enable some hundreds of American
and colonial youths to study at Oxford
by the aid of three-year fellowships.
The sending of the first wireless mes
sage across the ocean by the Marconi
system was ono of the great achieve
ments of the year. The first signals were
sent In August from Nova Scotia to
Cornwall, but In December they were
followed by complete messages from
Lord Minto, governor general of Canada,
to King Edward and to the king of Italy.
In the matter of the navigation of the
air some progress was made, as notably
when Stanley Spencer sailed thirty miles
across London In September.
The year witnessed one of tbe greatest
709,125. as compared with $4,085,569 In 1901.
Fire Losses in 1902.
The total fire losses of 19G2 will be
about $154,600,000. which is an Improve
ment In the situation as compared with
1S0L 1e decrease In the fire waste would
have been still more marked but for sev
eral large fires in December. The losses
this year of $100,000 and upwards reached
a total of $76,650,000.
Disasters in the United States.
The following tablt gives the loss of
life resulting from tlisasters of various
kinds In this countr;i during 1902 as reported:
near the Ambassadors from the farthest
ends of the earth came to London, al
ready overcrowded by visitors fron all
lands. The ceremonies, retaining nearly
all the mediaeval formalities, were care
fully planned and minutely rehearsed,
while the public rushed eagerly to buy
seats erected along the line of march and
the nobility of the realm concerned them
selves with the ceremony in the Abbey.
The king came up to London In very 111
health. On the 24th of June he took to
his bed. and on the following day a co
terie of the most eminent physicians and
surgeons of the realm determined that an
operation was necessary to save him from
death of an ailment closely resembling
appendicitis. On the 25th Sir Frederick
Treves performed the operation, and for
many days the King hovered between life
and death. Coronation gayety gave place
to gloom, thousands of visitors. Including
some of the ambassadors, returned home.
Hundreds of tradesmen who had antici
pated large profits found themselves im
poverished, and an expectant sadness
prevailed throughout the empire. Slowly,
however, the King began to Improve, and
on August 9 the ceremony took place.
It was a gorgeous affair and one that
would have been long remembered as
having eclipsed all former Jubilees had It
net been for the unfortunate postpone
ment and the serious Illness of the King.
On July 11 Lord Salisbury resigned the
Premiership of Groat Uritaln and was
succeeded the following day by his
nephew. Arthur James Balfour. Two
days later Sir .Michael lllcks-Heach re
signed as Chancellor of the Exchequer,
but since that tluro has been no change
of Importance in the new Premier's cab
inet. Religious Movements In 1902.
There has been perhaps nothing more
striking in the religious history of th
year just closed than the disposition of
religious bodies of different names to
"get together" In the practical prosecu
tion of their work. Nothing decisive has
yet come of the movement for n union
of the Methodist ehurelies North and
South, nor of the Northern and Southern
Presbyterians, but progress has been
made. The project for bringing together
the Congregationallsts. the Methodist
protostants and the United Brethren has
made hopeful advance.
The missionary activities of the
churches have been greatly stimulated.
Most of the foreign mission boards are
out of debt. New openings In China. In
the Philippines and elsewhere are eager
ly utilized. The convention of Sludent
Volunteers in Canada last summer
showed hundreds of college-bred younR
men and women In readiness to enter
the mission Held as soon a3 the oppor
tunity offered.
Finally, the year has been one of gen
erous giving. The most remarkable single
instance is found in the Methodist
church. Three years ago. on "watch
night," there went out from p. Spring
field church a call for a twenty-milllon-dollar
fund for the de'elopment of Meth
odist relisloua and educational work.
Dec. 31, in the same church, to tho peo
ple assembled to watch out the Old Year,
was made the official announcement of
the completion of this noble fund. It Is
a great achievement, which fittingly
crowns the closing year.
The November Elections.
The general elections of November 4 re
sulted In the election of the Fifty-eighth
Congress as follows: Republicans, 208;
Democrats. ITS.
November 4. Of the states in which
United States Senators are to be chosen
the following elected Republican legisla
tor es: California. Connecticut, Delaware,
Idaho. Illinois, Indiana, Kansas. Michi
gan, New Hampshire, New York, Nortfc
Dakota. Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
Utah. Washington and Wisconsin. Demo
cratic legislatures were chosen in Colo
rado. Florida, Missouri, Nevada, North
Carolina and South Carolina.
The foMowing state governors were
elected: Alabama, Wiliiam D. Jelks
(Dem.); California. Dr. George C. Par
dee (Rep.); Colorado, James 11. Peabody
(Rep.); Connecticut, Ablram Chamber-
Iain (Rep.) ; Idaho, John T. Morrison
(Rep.): Kansas, Willis J. Bailey (Rep.);
Massachusetts. John L. Bates (Rep.);
Michigan. Aaron T. Bliss (Rep.); Minne
sota, Samuel R. Van Sant (Rep.): Ne
braska, John II. Mickey (Rep.); Nevada,
John Sparks (Dem. Silver); New Hamp
shire, Nan urn J. Bachelder (Rep.); New
York, Benjamin B. Odell. Jr. (Rep.),
North Dakota, Frank White (Rep.);
Pennsylvania, Samuel W. Pennypacker
(Rep.); Rhode Island, Dr. L. F. C. Gar
vin (Dem); South Carolina, Duncan C.
Hey ward (Dem.); South Dakota, Charles
N. Herreid (Rep.); Tennessee, James
B. Frazier (Dem.); Texas, Samuel W. T.
Lanham (Dem.); Wisconsin, Robert M.
LaFollette (Rep.); Wyoming, De Forest
Richards (Rep..;.
Re-elected.
New York City gave a Democratic plu
rality of 121.000.
Prince Henry's Visit.
Four days later and on tne same day
Mrs. Stone was released, February 23, i
Prince Henry of Prussia, brother of Kais
er William of Germany, landed In New
York, and as the nation's guest was ac
corded a grander welcome than ever
given a foreign visitor. He came to rep
resent hi3 brother at the launching ot
hi3 yacht, the Mtteor, built by an Ameri
can firm and christened by Miss Alice
Roosevelt at Shooter's Island, New York,
February 25. On the 27th the Prince. hi
suite and the diplomatic corps at Wash,
ington attended a session of both Houses
of Cengress In the Senate Chamber, at
which Secretary of State Hay delivered
his memorial address in eulogy of the
late President McKinley. During the re
mainder of his visit the Prince's special
train bore him westward, as far as SL
Louis, Milwaukee end Chicago, south as
far as Chattanooga, where a brief but
enthusiastic welcome awaited him at
every stop. ile sailed for home on
Fins 8peclmen of Prehlstorlo Relic
Unearthed at 8trator, III.
A floe specimen of tho prehistoric
"bird stone" was unearthed at Btrcat
or. 111., by workmen employed by tbe
Chicago ic Alton railroad. It ia Ave
and a half inches long and an' Inch
and a half high, and archeologlsts
bave pronounced It a- magnificent
specimen.
A "bird stone," while of tbe unde
fined clans of prehistoric ornaments
or charms which have boon called
"ceremonials," represents stone ago
art of ao mean degree. This speci
men is finely finished and polished
and Is extraordinary In Its workman
ship, gracefulness and beauty.. It rep
resents, perhaps, the highest achieve
ment of prehistoric American, art.
Many theories regarding the use
made of "bird slonos" are fanciful. It
has beon asserted that they were
worn by. married Indian women.
Again, it is claimed that "bird stones"
were worn by Indian conjurers, and
Btlll another sueus Is that they were
hound to the prows of cunoes. It has
also been guessed thai tlioy were ei
ployed In playing a name; that th
were totcmH of tribes and clans, antl
that they were tallHinuns in some way
connected with tho bunt for water
fowl.
This "bird stone" une-arthed by tho
ChleaRo & Alton engineers must have
been hammered or peeked into shape,
and afterward ground to Its present
form, and then pollBhed diligently, for
it is nearly as smooth as glasH. Con
sideration of the then existing con
ditions demons! rates the diHleulty of
making the object and the dexterity
and workmanship required.
THE GAME OF GOLF.
How Exercise May be Dangerous for
Aged Beginners.
Tho sneer that golf is a game
only for those not agile and venture
some enough for games of greater
danger has long ago faded from golT
criticism, and now It has actually
come to pass that golf is arraigned as
a game dangerous for men who may
be described as "a;ed." It Is said
that if a man all through his life has
followed sedentary habits, allowing
his muscles to become weak and
flabby, particularly those muscles in
the region of the heart, golf may very
easily prove too severe a strain lor
his system. Hut in the pages of a
golf journal this view is partially criti
cised by ono who did not begin the
game till he was very near the neigh
borhood of sixty. He declares that it
is a matter of beginning gently, and
he tells us that in his own case ho
does not find two rounds a day par
ticularly exhausting. At the same
time he confesses that he has always
ben an enthusiast for outdoor exer
cise, and is inclined to think that for
a man who has never taken physical
exercise rather a rare experience
it may be a little exhausting to begin
with. It is all a matter of not over
doing it at first, but, unfortunately, so
attractive is tho game that the oldest
beginners are tempted to go in for it
rather more vigorously than Is wise.
The result of all this latest pother
seems to be that like everything else
in life it is wisdom at the outset to
"go slow," and this is a verdict that
"aged beginners" should lay to heart.
Surprised Card Party.
Three civil engineers while travel
ing from Amiens to Paris began to
play cards on an apparently aban
doned lunch basket of largo dimen
sions, which had been lying on the
hat rack.
It appeared to be rather heavy, but
they supposed it to be full of plates.
The basket was placed on end and a
leather port folio placed on tho top to
form a table.
Suddenly they were startled to hear
loud cries, which came from the bas
ket. It was opened, and a threo-months-old
baby was found Inside.
The baby was neatly dressed, and
bore a card, on which was written:
"To be delivered to Mme. Forsey,
Creuil."
The three men did their best to
keep the child quiet until the train
stopped at the next station. It was
Creuil, and there a respectably
dressed woman canae forward and
claimed to be the owner of the baby.
It appears that the child had been
put out to nurse near Boulogne. Not
having received any pay, the nurse
had adopted this way of sending the
child back to its mother. London
Express.
Paris Police to Read Faces.
A system of instruction has been
undertaken to educate the Paris
police in the art of describing faces.
An Interesting part of the Instruction
is that special value is attached to
the ear. No two ears are alike.
Therefore, that organ is chosen as tbe
base of the system employed. Close
attention is also given to noses. Each
policeman gets an album containing
1,000 photographs full face and pro
file of persons expelled from Paris.
To facilitate the research these por-
vc. ii t.o..c a ... . m nFAU.-tAM i lo ra
. ii ... i . iii a ijk u nun i iiiij'i niiMi, . - . . .
of himself behind and bearing with him traits are grouped methodically ac-
cordine to hight. ear and nose. It
a favorable idea of America.
Troubles in China.
To the story of 1101 belongs the bloody
"Boxer" outrages and the retributory
occupation of Tien-Tsin and Peking by
the allied forces of Russia, Kngland.
Germany. France, Austria.. L'nited States.
Italy and Japan. The flight of the Km
press Dowager with her grandson, th
Emperor, and the rest of the Chinese
court and the tedious negotiations at
tending the settlement occurred In ths
preceding year, but it was not until Jan
uary 7 that the rc-markahle woman who
dominates the government of China re
turned to P king. With all show of gra
ciousness ani reassuring messages to ths
foreign diplomatic court reassembled
within the Forbidden City, arrangement
were made for the payment of the Indem
nities to the powers and a withdrawal of
the allied soldiers was discussed. Thli
evacuation was delayed because of feaf
created by Russi -i's attitude in Manchu
ria. The diplomats of the other alilei
feared her Intention to retain possession
of that province, but when England and
the Lnlted States entered a compact tc
preserve the Integrity of the Celestial
Kingdom and England and Japan allied
thernselvea to maintain the "open gate"
for trade the foar passed and by ths
JIanchurian convention Russia disclaim!
her intention to an.iex territory and lim
its her occupation to a military force
sufTlcient to protect her great railroad.
This and the gradual reduction of the al
lied troops ma.rks tho close of the very
one-sided Chinese war. True, there has
boon a slight hitch In the payment of the
Indemnities. China claiming the right to
settle on a silver basts, the allies de
manding a gold standard. Aside from
this nothing of international interest has
occurred in China. The rebellion In ths
southern provinces was entirely a Chi
nese affair.
is believed that when the police be
come familiar with the system recog
nition of criminals will be greatly
facilitated.
Thinks Life Is Wasted.
Champ Clark of Missouri is opposed
to claims of every description. He
thinks congress wastes much time
wrangling, about bills that are mostly
for imaginary damages, anyhow. "Here
are 357 men in the national house ot
representatives," he said the other
day in great disgust, "each of whom
is getting a salary of $3,000 a year, to
say nothing of whatever private In
come he may have, and we can all
be called at any time to sit in judg
ment over a mule."
Party Was in Danger.
On a homeward-bound trip from
London the late "Tom" Reed was with
a party of Americans in the Euston
express for "Liverpool. Something
went wrong with the brakes, and tho
train pulled up with a vast amount
rf Jeiiing and screeching at a little
own called Ilellsby, between Chester
jid Liverpool. Mr. Reed poked his
nead out of the window and read the
sign on the station platform. "Hell'a
by I" he exclaimed. "Good gracious,
I Lope not."
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