f.i.Kr,:a:,iirrfrr.s.lAT imio me dollar loving Amor- of Mexico i,v mo tfUmrA'TiONS NVW frMy) h xwr- kW I !!r f V ; J'" 4 Ivil'L ( V
S m A J lean has done In ,ryinK and pe-p- Spanish in nil), , VV WJlA & f 'kMS HvAWfcJr f ' Ll-nl-li ' V jlK
J V A KntU.egr..atnaturaUr,asuro and from an os- TjT OC ) M f -'45 TJft
yvl house, of Honora conv.n,,,, hl.u tlmuW,, ,,, Ow ' V '1 .,
V V f -vinro Wa a country wo,. W) the raco W S I ? V '
1 woiih rxploitinir. If more than lias ieadily d.v -N": 4rV;';i ?? -V"'' J I'lBtw r. '-l '5 -il s V f V' r R ' r!'V 1 H'V.'W
'ifSXfE !"-haMy the fact, then, from all mo,. inc,:,ant Lkfi $y&P&S&A 1 feiT WH :'. 'P'.;V-
tesmSSmg "n-i. of Sonora are proper.y 40.000 a, the ft! life?S8 1 M W feMfe2 (Plfe Jrf
MAT liltlo the dollar lovim; Amer
ican haa done in pryiiiK ami pep
ing Into the grcatnatural tn asure
louses of Sonora convinced lilm
yi ars ao that that weBtern Mexi
can province was a country well
woiih exploititi!?. If more than
half of the hilver of the world
lias rno out of Mexico, as is
jn-obaldy the fact, then, from all
reports, when the ar.uentiferoiis
deposits of Sonora are properly
opened up three-fourths of the
world's silver wi!l come from the land of Diaz. Sonora
has been exporting $12.OO'),00fl to flj.OuO.WiO of silver
a year and rould have exported five times that amount
and an incalculable quantity of pdd but for one reason
the country has not been safe lor white people, except
in the larger towns, been use of the warlike Yaquis, who
have been battling for generations against the Mexicans.
nut now the good news has been flashed ever the
wires that Ihe lon.sj drawn Yariul war is at an end and
that a treaty favorable to the Indians has been negotiated,
so that soon there will be such an inrush of greedy
grinpoes, as the Mexicans call us, Into Sonora as has
never been seen before, l'or there will be no more night
attacks upon ore wagon and supply trains, no more ter
rorizing of tho miners In their prospect holes and no
moro rushes to the gun rack in the lonely cabin on the
mesa.
It is characteristic of our commercial age that the
chief interest of t lit? white people in the Yaqul uprisings
has not been a humane but a financial one. Altholigh
Americans have obtained concessions from the Mexican
government of niinin?, cattle and farming lands, they
have never been able to hold undisputed sway over
them. Now the hardy gringo will descend upon Sonora,
bi-..v upon a conquest far more thorough than that of
Clen. Scott in ISIS. Ho lusts for the silver and gold
hidden under the Sonora mountains, for great bands of
cattle and for the fruits of the lertlle valleys, and he will
have them.
Not that the Americans have heui essentially hostile
to the Yaquis, for many guns and much ammunition have
been taken over the border to aid them in their des
perate fight, but that when Diaz has seen lit to parcel
off u comfortable section of Yaqui land here and there
to an enterprising Yankee for a con
sideration it has boon only natural
that Yaqui and Yank should have be
come embroiled at times.
"The Yaqui Indians are the most
stubborn lighters on earth," said Presi
dent Diaz of Mexico eight years ago,
"and if ever wo are to put them down
we must strike at the root of their race
wo must exile their women and chil
dren." So, month by month, since then thou
sands of the little brown women of the
Yaqui nation in Sonora have been torn
from their homes on reservations and
elsewhere, rounded up at. (Juaymas, on
the west coast of Mexico, and, with
their children, deported to San Hlasand
Jhence across country to the far fever
lands of Yucatan, where many of them
tiave died. None have ever returned to
Sonera.
This means of subduing a race that
tias been In almost constant warfare
against the Mexican government for
more than HO years has at last been
infective, although It has been neces
sity at the same time to keep from
2, Del) to n.OOO troops In readiness or
fr. tho Hold to light ihv diminishing
band of Yaquis, who have proved thorn
'elves as valiant and as unyielding ns
the liners.
The last two stands of the Yaquis
have recently been reported in the dis
patches. One of these wa.s tn a moun
tain canyon just north of Altar, where
Ihe Mexicans and I'npagos lured the
Yaquis Into ambush and killed a large
number of them. The other and con
cluding engagement followed a skir
inisli that w.is made by the Mexicans
southeast of 1 b I'liiosillo, the capital of
Sonora, in which ii was reported that
tlu'.e, the chief of the Yaquis, was killed
tind ion of his nun were slain. After
tbi bloody battle the renitnint of the
Yaqui forces engaged In that fight
iiiuk died into I lerniosillo and surrt-n-.I
red.
So many other events have been tak
ing place on this populous planet, and
the alTalis of Sono-a enter so little lulu the eniisiih ration
ef the people on this rim of the continent, with the ex
repiioti of those Aimriean rapii-lists who have loieied
to un. uM! the tnlt.hr: tnasun s of that rich gold and
nlver ei'untry. that we have 1"v more interested In
college fo'itlall ioi;te;ts than in Ibis terrib'e warfare
that l.i.s I.e. n going on within live days' railway jmiMiev
ef New Yolk for the la.-t three decades and even lote;er.
l'or. as a matter of fact, the Yaqui. i have never been
Ut pLAt lVl'll I heir heiedilliy foe ;!l.ce the eonq'teM
of Mexico by the
Spanish in l'li),
and from an es
timated popula
tion in K'.') of
L'Oit.OO') the race
has steadily de
clined, ehielly be
cause of its al
most Incc.-ant
warfare, to about
lO.DiiO at. the
present day.
Having regard
ed the Yaqui at
close range and
h a v I n R studied
him and marked
what manner of
man lie Is any
one may be ex
cused for an ad
miration of him
that surpasses
my appreciation
of any other of
the native races
of North America.
Assuredly these
people are the
most industrioiH
and most civil
ized of all Indian
tribes, being for
the most part
farmers, miners
and craftsmen,
and far superior
to the average
Sonoran of the
haciendas a n d
villages, who will
not work while
he has a peso in
his pocket and
while mescal can
bo hail at the
mm
tit
SS' .'El
lw ill. ! wi;
eg -B? YAQUIS JN PSC?A . YARD q--g ft
M " fwwTeTejTTITTiTMTt mi.iiii.ni.iiiiuinT.TfiTrrmTT-M .uuiiiiiiiiitP
hSL x.r r
T 9
ZS V MOv-
v J. I V
II
in a warfare that has not been that of savages
In fact, been fully ns humane as that of Its foe-
tfw II IHIiiHi.liiil.il m
YAQVI
VmJU k 1 II I u fiUtf m
i
14
QQOGC
30
&ATTJLGRQUNDj .
he enters the army, is general
cant ilia, and who, when
: cut there from Jail.
As for tin- Yaqui as a fiuhli r. be has proved himself
a better man i vit. than the Ajai he, while resoitim,' to
few, If any, ef the Apache's bloodthirsty trick of war
fare. The Yaqui army has been r gulaily orgieil.:. d up
to the .-st yctr, has bent well drilled in t!i use of !..
rille, has had Its generals and colonels and captains, and
has giv. n such a g u! account of itself that I! ,a kept
","00 .Mexican troops, under t! u. Toi n s h i . all the
whih
has.
men.
It is not necessary to go back any further than 187X
to get a good Idea of what the Yaquis have been doing
in Irving lo hold their own against the people of Spanish
descent In Mexico. In that year, because of trespass
upon their lands and because the Mexicans had takm
large numbers of them lo work upon their ranches in
practical slavery, these tremulously tenacious lighters re
sumed hostilities after a short period of peace. Ceii.
Cajctnl, (heir governor, took command and for seven
years held the asses and strongholds against u.OOO
troops under Gen. pesquiera.
Although the Yaquis gave a good account of them
selves, they lost many men and Gen. Cajeml was cap
tured and shot. Still the defensive war was continued,
and when nt last the Mexicans drove them out of their
strongholds and captured their mines there came a pe
riod during which only desultory raids upon the hacien
das were made. During that period the Yaqui women
and boys and some of the non-combatant men of the
tribe went out to earn money In the mines, ranches and
fisheries to buy arms and ammunition to carry on the
light.
A number of American miners who had been unable
peaceably to work 'their mines brought about the peace of
Oritz In May, lS'.tT. The government then began to take
Yaqui hoys from the reservations and send litem to
Vera Cruz, on the other side of the continent, to make
soldiers of them. These boys were as good if not better
sharpshooters than the Door youth, and the Yaquis saw
that in thus depriving them of what, would be a great
source of reliance In future battle they would eventually
have to give up all hope of ever holding their own. So
that the peaee of Oritz only lasted a few mouths before
there was nnothcr uprising and more fighting, chiefly of
a guerilla nature, which continued for several jears.
Meantime every cent that the non-combatants of the
tribe could earn and save was handed over to the chiefs,
who bouj-'lit with this money enough Mauser rifles ami
mountain howitzers to equip very decently an army of
fi.oni) men, under Gen. Tetaviate, who. In April, is;:i,
took the Held after having made this statement:
"We Yaquis are a peaceful and Industrious people.
When the Mexicans want workers for their mines or
factories they come to us. We do not want war. We
have never wanted It. but we want our rights. We made
a m aty of peace with the Mexican gin t rnuieni, tmr herd
Hary foe, in May. 1 s: 7. aft r a long series of warr, th"
last of which was more than ten years in duration. We
Intended to keep faith villi the government or Mexico,
but It has pursued a course of cne ! encroachment ami
menace, We are now ready to light It again, and all the
buttles of the past wlil be as nothing compared with
the bl.'oibhed that will follow our entry into the held."
Gen. Ti tavla'e bei-an operation in the;' lower valley
id the Kio Yaqui. v.lure his men dr.nreremt the white
settleis upon Yaqui lands. They cut the telegraph wires
anil de.-ticiye. other means of communication, and It was
some time lif forc the hastily summoned
Firth cavalry and Kb venih and Twelfth
Infantry companies could bo marched
against them. Then followed a series ol
battles which generally concluded unsat
isfactorily ror tho Mexicans, though
there was an occasional rounding tip of
the rebels in which large numbers of
them were slaughtered. On tho approach
of the troops the Indians usually took up
slrong positions in the mountain fast
nesses. One large battel fortified Itself
in the iireate to range, jSetween the Yaqui
and Matopo rivers, and another In tho
Sahuarlpa mountains. Kfforls wero
made to kec-p these two bands opart, but
tho working Yaquis all over Sonora and
In California and Arizona were constant
ly coming In and joining with their
brethr'-n and tho depredations upon the
ranches and villages were widespread.
Meantime the; Mexlrans gathered In
the women and children of their foomen
for deportation to Yucatan, following tho
demand of Diaz to "exterminate tho Ya
quis." Maddened by this and by the
rcqorts thai the women and children
were not merely deported, but that t hoy
were taken out into the Gulf of Califor
nia and thrown ove rboard from the troop
the despe rate Iti'llnns attacked the; haclon
thre.itencel Ihe larger towns. Terror mad,
of Negah s I'ed from their homes, and for
ship Oaxaea,
ras and also
the eitizens
a time martial law was proclaimed over the fear-stricken
city of Hi rmoMllo, the capital or Sonora. During the
height of the excitement, troops were coming In bringing
women and children for deportation, ami also an occa
sional band of Yaqui soldiers, who wero generally thrust
Into prison oer eight and in tho morning take n out,
lined up ami shot.
One of the most terrible slaughters during the last war
upon the Yaquis occurred In June. 11102. One evening 300
armed Yaquis descended upon four haciendas near 1 ler
niosillo ami took i.way (inO of their tribe, including women
and chihlre n, who were the re; employed. The hand
marche d toward I're s, reached Maza'iin mountain, and
while waiting for the Mexican scddlers made bows, ar
rows ami spears for those who we re unarmed.
On June lf OtiO Mexican scddlers came around the
mountains, surprised the; Ya ;ais, chased the armed war
riors down the mountain, killing many of them and ta
king all the; hacienda folk prisoners. Soon after the
skirmish Ales Ilrdlicka, representing tho American mu
seum, found tn a littl ravine on the mountain sldo the
bodies of (.1 of the Indians, including a number of wom
en, a little girl and a baby. The; skulls of m arly all the
victims were so shatteued by Mauser bullets as to be of no
use for the' museum for whl h Ilrdlicka w:is collecting.
In the hospital at Ilermosi'lo In 1'JOJ there were as
many as 1- wounded women ami a girl of se ven with
three bullet wounds in her body.
As anothe r example oil brave Mexican warfare "00 wom
en and children who were captured near the Hancho Vlejo
were kept In a corral uikIit guard for two days, during
which time they were given nothing to cat but two
and one-half bushels of raw corn, on which they subsisted
until night, when they were marched to llvrmoslllo, 22
miles away.
In July, ll'tij, an a'tempt was made by the Mexicans
to surround l!0 Yaquis In the San Mateo foothills, but
Ihe Indians levuned cf what was afoot, slipped Into a
side valley before tho ailvance of the troops, ami In the?
night strangled the si'titrie and, proceeding over to the
sleeqdng sohiiets, sh w the whole- column in the darkness
and hound the eliicers lo tho trees, where they were
found wie-n re lief came.
One reason wh the last ten ye ars' war has been nioi
bloody than any th: t preceded it was that Ihe Moxieat
.' Jtuvertimiuit electe ed that every Yaqui living on tho p?
c-Mos or wiit King on ranches or tiny where else wai to r
treated as a prisoner of war.
Cualitic'8 in Men.
A sail nature sheds forth twilight. A merry and mlr
ful nature brings .laylight. A suspicious nature Insensi
bly Imparts ill chill to evey generous soul within its
reach. A bold ami fran'.i nature overcomes meanness
In men. Fiu"us make s ihem linn. Firmness make
them Hue. Taste directs, stimulates and develops taste.
- I leiiry Waul IVi'chor.
J
