6EO0 I 9 i FRID,i an tJ Old s IK 4 Flsi HoxJ Titi place idle si ment -apprci . ber.hf has i when tereal BRYAN'S MANAGER, JONES, OH "IGNORANT FOREIGNERS He Said that "Ignorant Foreigners" Com prised Fully One Half of the Number of Votes Received by McKinley. Deliberate Assertion of Democratic National Chairman Jas. K. Jones, that "He Believe! Devoutly tlat Bryan Hal Been Elected ani Was SwMlei Oat of tie Presitay." "He BeM M in 1900 tie Bimetallic Forcss Wonlfl Win a Great Victory His Declaration Tlat tlie Principles of 1896 Are Absolutely , Essential to tie Welfare of the Country." (Extracts from the address of United States Senator James K. Jones, chair miD of the Democratic national committee, before the Legislature of Arkansas.) Bryan's manager, J. K. Jones, said: "Hundreds of thousands of ignorant foreigners, who were here taking bread out of the mouths of honest labor, Toted at the last election at the dictation of Mc- Kinley's supporters. These foreigners comprised fully one-half of the number of votes received by McKinley." These are the words of the man who conducted the Democratic campaign in 1S90. The same man is the present chair man of the Democratic national com mittee. He owes his position to the wish of Mr. Bryan. The language quoted above wa9 used In a speech. It is no remembered scrap of idle conversation. It was uttered in no heat of discussion. It was a deliber ate expression. "Hundreds of thousands of ignorant foreigners," said Chairman James K. Jones of the Democratic national com mittee, "who came here taking bread out of the mouths of honest labor, voted at the last election at the dictation of Mc Kinley's supporters. These foreigners comprised fully one-half the number of Totes received by McKinley." And then on this basis that the Re publican party owed success in 1S9G to "ignorant foreigners," Chairman Jones proceeded to hold out the hope of success in 10OO. "Can there be any doubt," he asked, "as to which shall prevail, the six and one-half millions of intelligent Bryan vot ers or the three and one-half millions 'ignorant foreigners who voted for Mc Kinley?" It will seem to sensible people almost Incredible that the chairman of the Democratic national committee could make such statements in a public speech. But the Honorable Jas. K. Jones did it. More than two months after the elec tion of 1800 he uttered the assertion quoted. The occasion was no less serious than an address before the Legislature of Ar kansas. Senator Jones bad just been elected to his third term in the United States Senate. On the 20th of January, 1897, the Senator appeared before an in formal joint session of his State Legisla ture at the capitol in Little Rock. He returned his thanks to the people of Ar kansas through their representatives, the Legislature, and then he proceeded to dis cuss the defeat of Bryan, speaking as the chairman of the Democratic national committee and the head of the manage ment of the Democratic campaign. He said that he "believed devoutly that Bry an had been elected and was swindled out of the presidency." He declared his belief "that in 1900 the bimetallic forces would win great vic- 99 tory." This still makes 1G to 1 the para mount issue. He reasserted his conviction "that the principles he spoke, for were absolutely essential to the welfare of the country." That is 1G to 1. JONES ABUSES FOREIGN The Senator spoke for over an hour. Running through bis speech were two principal thoughts. One was this idea, that Republican success bad been achiev ed through the "ignorant foreigners," a remit which the Senator resented in the name of the native Southern population which was "more American." The other central idea with the Sen ator was the injustice of the unequal distribution of wealth. Upon this he dwelt with almost the emphasis which he gave to the "ignorant foreigners. "What has been the cause of this great struggle?" the Senator asked. "The people are as honest and as industrious as they ever were. What, then, was the matter? The last census report shows that the wealth of the country was $03,- 000.000,000, or about $5,000 to each fam ily of five members." The Senator quot ed figures to show the inequality in the distribution of wealth. "Why was Mas sachusetts so much better off than Ar kansas? 'Were they more industrious ami more deserving?" He considered that the Southern people rank fully up to, if not ahead of, the people in the balance of the country. The Southern people are more completely Anglo-Saxon than those of the other States and there fore more American. At this point the chairman of the Dem ocratic national committee made one of the most remarkable of this series of startling statements for Arkansas con sumption. He illustrated his assertion that the Southern people are "more American" than the rest of the country, in this way: "It took the people of the combined North and East four years to conquer the Southern people, and the latter had built for them a pension list that was appalling." The Senator's speech bristled with as sertions intended to incite the spirit of class prejudice. He said: "Millionaires and paupers grow on the same bush. When you make a million aire you make dozens of paupers." The men who advocated the gold stand ard the Senator described as "no better than a vile thief." The argument by which he led up to this conclusion is interesting. The Sen ator said that in 1S05 the national debt "amounted to $2,820,839,000." He show ed "how many bales of cotton would have paid this debt then and how many now." Then he proceeded: "The men who- took the bonds then gave greenbacks worth about 50c in gold. Now they are paid in gold, thus doubling the burden upon the people. While 18,- uuu.uuu Dales of cotton would have paid the debt when it was contracted, it would take 30,000,000 bales now to pay it, with out interest." Senator Jones said "that he who undertook to make the people pay more than they had contracted to pay was no better than a vile thief." "The rich Northern States," the Sen ator said, "yet after this sort of a contest Bryan received more than a million votes in excess of what Cleveland received in 1S92. He believed devoutly that Bryan had been elected and was swindled out of the presidency. He told how the rail roads, the banks and the bondholders, ar rayed against Bryan with a campaign fund the like of which was never before seen in this country, and which was used lavishly. Business men were intimidat ed by the threats of the money power. The Senator said, with great pride, he would never forget the liberal responses from the people of Arkansas to the Dem ocratic campaign fund." Predicting that the Republican party would drop the idea of the gold standard and endeavor to bring about bimetallism, the Senator said "the McKinleyites saw the handwriting on the wall." "What has become of the promised prosperity?" the Senator asked. "Mr. McKinley seems to be advanc ing, but the prosperity is not coming with him." Senator Jones said "the gold ites had been put on notice." He believ ed "that in 1900 the bimetallic forces would win a great victory. Rising prices always bring prosperity, declining prices adversity. The repeal of the Sherman act had been followed by a decline of 10 per cent in prices. The cause of it was the striking down of one-half of the metallic money of the world." Senator Jones concluded by asserting his belief "that the principles he spoke for were absolutely essential to the welfare of the country." Ta the midst of the enunciation of such views as these the Senator accounted for the election of the Republican ticket by declaring: "HUXDERDS OF THOUSANDS OF IGNORANT FOREIGNERS, WHO ARE HERE TAKING THE BREAD OUT OF THE MOUTHS OF HONEST LABOR, VOTED AT THE LAST ELECTION AT THE DICTATION OF M'KINLEY'S SUPPORTERS. THESE FOREIGNERS COMPRISED ONE-HALF OF THE NUMBER OF VOTES RECEIVED BY M'KINLEY." On the day after delivery the Sena tor's speech was reported in Arkansas Gazette, the principal Democratic paper of the State and the organ of the Demo cratic party. From that report, the ac curacy of which, has never been ques tioned by the Senator, the above is taken. VOTERS DEMOCRATS UNFIT TO GOVERN. Why Ex-Senator W. A. Peffer la Sop porting McKinley. In a published letter issued at Topeka, Kan., ex-U. S. Senator Peffer of that State says one of the principal reasons why he leaves the Demo-Populist party is that it is not fit to govern the coun try. His exact words are: "The Democratic party is not fit to govern this country under modern condi tions of universal freedom. Look back upon the second administration of Presi dent Cleveland. Upward of $2.)0,000,000 in United States bonds were sold with out special authority of Congress to pro cure gold for the redemption reserve. Most of the bonds were sold to or through syndicates of speculators at enormous profits. "The Republicans were wiser. The war with Spain made large expenditures necessary; Congress authorized the bor rowing of money, and $200,000,000 of 3 per cent bonds were sold to our own peo ple in sums of $23 to $r00. This is the fourth year of the McKinley administra tion, and not one dollar of gold has been bought or borrowed. The treasury now holds nearly, if not quite, $450,000,000 in gold coin and bullion, and there is plenty of money in the country for the transaction of the people's business." On the Philippine question Mr. Peffer says: "The insurrection of Aguinaldo and his followers must be completely and per manently suppressed liefore civil govern ment can be permanently established. In the meantime the President is exerting every effort to preserve order and protect all peaceably disposed persons. "As before stated when one sovereign power cedes territory to another, the al legiance of the inhabitants is transferred to the new sovereign. 'The same act which transfers their country transfers the allegiance of those who remain in it.' That is the language of the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of the American Insurance Company vs. Canter, 1 Peters, 511. Our national title to the Philippines is as good in law as the titles we hold for our homes; and the allegiance of the Filipinos to the United States is dne the same as that of the people of Alaska or Hawaii or New Mexico. Arizona or Okla- noma. A commission of able and conscien tious men, headed by Judge Taft of Ohio, an eminent jurist, is now at work in the Philippines, opening the way for free government and collecting information for the use of Congress when that bodv i takes np the work of determining the civil rights and political status of the native inhabitants,' as provided in the treaty. "We got into the Philippines as an in cident of war. We are holding them be cause, after due deliberation, the Ameri can people concluded that that was the best thing to do for the Filipinos and for ourselves." BRYAN'S THEORIES AND PRACTICES. Shouting About the Consent of the Governed. Bryan's Utterances Wholly Inconsistent with the Practice of Democrats, Who Have Invariably Suppressed the Colored Vote The verification of theory Is practice, ths test of sincerity is conduct. hen a person or a party preaches one thing and practices another, there is no excuse for being deceived as to his honesty. Four years ago when Mr. Bryan captured the Chicago convention by his eloquent "cross and crown" speech on the free coinage of silver, there was plenty of room for doubting the soundness or even the sanity of his proposition, but it was difficult to question his sincerity or the sincerity of the party which nominated him. How ever bad their logic, their theory accord ed with their practice. The party as then organized, so far as it had the pow er had practiced what it was then preach ing. The Southern States are the backbone and body of the Democratic party in practice. They are the States where the party is most completely devoted to Mr. Bryan and his doctrine, and they are also the States where the party is and has always been in most supreme control. It is in these States, therefore, that we must look for the practice verifying par ty principles. These States were the home of the greenback movement, of the wildcat banks, and they were and are the hotbed of free silver; therefore in advocating 10 to 1, Government paper money and the overthrow of the national banks, Mr. Bryan is entirely consistent with the practice of his party as at pres ent organized. In his speech accepting the nomination for President, at Indianapolis, however, he preaches a new gospel for Democ racy. It is not money and banking this time, but it is "Liberty," the "consent of the governed," and "equal political rights," regardless of race, etc. Here are a few extracts. How do these pro fessions accord with Democratic prac tice, where its control is supreme? THEORY. I PUACTICE. "It was tod Him- Then why does Mr. self who placed in Bryan s party resort every human heart to force and fraud to the love of liberty, disfranchise the col lie has never made a.ored "race" in this race of people so low country? iu the scale of civili zation or intelligence that it would wel come a foreign mas ter." "We cannot repudi Nor can we "repudi ate the principles of ate" the principle of e e 1 f-goverunient in self-government iu the the Philippines withj South, without weak out weakening thateuing that principle principle here." (throughout the repub lic. A republic can Vet Mr. Bryan's par have no subjects. A ty has made millions of citizens Into "sub jects." practicing gov ernment by force without the "consent subject is possible only in a government resting upon forcer'he is uuknown In a gov ernment deriving its of the governed." Just powers from the consent of the gov erned." 'The Democratic While "the Demo party disputes this cratic partv disputes this doctrine" in words it Is enforcing doctrine (of vassal age') and denounces it as repugnant to it in practice In a both the letter andfqiiarter of the States spirit of our organ ized law." of the Union.- 'If governments de Very true. but in rive their Just powers what States where from the consent ofiMr. Bryan's nartv has tne governed. It Is power to prevent it Impossible to secure' do "srovernments de- title to people either; rive their Just powers by f o r c e or pur- from the consent of chase. the governed?" When land where did it try tio practice this pre cept "Men may dare tol Then Mr. Brvan's do In crowds what; party Is an organized they would not dare: fraud, for Its supre- to do as individuals. macy in many States but the moral charac has been obtained by ter of an act is not doing "in c r o w d 8 determined by the what they would not dare to do as individ number of those who Join In it. Force can uals." Its "right ' to defend a right, but rule is "created" by rorce nas never yet created a right." force. "Bizrhts never con- Of course not. Yet Mr. Bryan's partv is "usurping p o 1 1 t leal filet: duties never clash. Caan It be our duty to usurp politi rights" of hundreds of cal rights which be long to ushers?" thousands of Ameri can citizens. there nre degrees True, the "Creator" never "denied to any of proficiency in the art of self-govern people the capacity of ment, but it is a re flection upon the Cre ator to say that He sen-government, ' but despots and U e in o- crats always have. denied to any people the capacity of self government." "Once admit that some people are capa While Mr. Bryan was saying this his ble of self-govern party was uslug fraud. ment and others are' force and legislation not, and that thelto deprive a whole capable people have a I race of their political right to seize upon rights, and establish ing "the rclgu of the despot" In this coun and govern the in capable, and you make force brute force the only foun dation of government and invite the reign of the despot. " j "Would we trend In1 the paths of tyr try. Yes: and the South. which has been af tlicted by Democratic anny, Nor reckon he tyr ant's cost? rule. Is paying "the tyrant's coft" in pov Who taketh another's erty, disorder and so liberty. cial insecurity. in Ills Freedom is also taking the liberty of lost. others It bus mcrl- Would we win as the ficed Its own progress. strong has ever Verily, "the God who won reigued over Babylon Make ready to pay the debt. Is the God who Is For , the God who reigned over reigning yet." Babylon Is the God who is reigning yet." "If we are to gov ern them without their consent and give them no voice In de How true this Is of the practice of Mr. Bryan's party for thirty years. It per termining the taxes sists by fair means they must nay. we! and foni in illegally dare not educate governing nearly six them, lest they learn! millions of people to read the Declarn-I "without their con- tlon of Independence! sent," and it "dare find the Constitution! not educate them lest of tbe United State: they learn to read the.l and mock ns for our1 Declaration of Inde inconslstency." pendence and the constitution or tne United States, and mock ns for our in consistency." A very brief glance at Mr. Bryan's elo- ouent utterances and the thirty years practice of his party conclusively demon strates one of two things: either that Mr. Bryan is insincere and is merely us ing these "liberty phrases" to catch votes where political rights are more ad vanced than in the Democratic States, or else he does not represent the Demo cratic party at all. The party's practice for a generation speaks infinitely louder thnn Afr llrmnfi wor Whnt the party has always done and is now doing. it may be relied upon to do ir elected to power. Until the States where Mr. tJry an's party reigns supreme show some in tention of practicing these "golden pre cepts." their declaration in national platforms and candidates speeches, may properly be taken as only so much mate rial for political deception. It is not a question of whether the en franchisement of the negro was a wise or unwise policy, but it is a question of common political honesty. If the party believes, as its practice shows, that the negroes are an inferior race and cannot with safety to our institutions be admit ted to political rights, to proclaim the doctrine that the "Creator never denied to any race of people the capacity of self-government," is obvious hypocrisy Some of the Democrats in the South who are more frank and honest than Mr Bryan, are already repudiating any pre tense of seriously living up to his ethe real political declarations. The Macon Ga., Telegraph, for instance, frankly de clares Its unwillingness to take Mr. Bry an seriously in this "consent of the gov erned talk and says: "It is all sweet and nice enough to indulge on fourth or July occasions in the generall ties about the "consent of the iroverned. about 'Inalienable right.' about the equality of all men at birth, and so forth. Just as our forefathers did who owned slaves and who robbed the Indians of their land, but It Is another matter when you try to apply It to the Negro, tle Indian, the Kanaka and the Filipino. We of the South are contending for our own, and we are going to have it. The Negro has nothing that we want that was not taken from us by force and given to mm. He has no land, be has no birth right, no heritage nothing but a richt to help govern which was given wrongfully to him. nen we take tne ballot iroiu mm we leave him In a far better condition than be found himself when he came among us as a result of Yankee thrift and speculation.' The Macon Telegraph, with real South ern frankness, tells the simple truth about the Democratic position on this subject. Its statement is supported by both the theory and practice of the party wherever it is in power. Moreover the Democratic party has never been dishon est enough to pretend to believe in the po litical enfranchisement of the inferior races, and Mr. Bryan's sudden admira tion of Lincoln and advocacy of Garri- sonian principles is a personal flight in political oratory, which has no relation to the past practice or future intention of the present Democratic party. If Mr. Bryan should be elected the otlices would be filled and the Government conducted by people who, like the Macon Telegraph, jeer at these "equality phrases" as empty generalities. They evidently regard these utterances as so much verbal bait for new votes in the "enemy's country." But here Mr. Bryan's cunning is not as wise as the Telegraph s frankness. Honesty is always respected and such cheap cun ning as Mr. Bryan's Indianapolis speech reveals will fail to deceive. The Ameri can citizens are not ignorant r mpinos, they are too well informed on the policy and practice of the Democracy on this subject to be canght by Mr. Bryan's rhetorical if not hypocritical phrases. The name of "Lincoln" and "political liberty" are too sacred to be flippantly used in such a cause. The American people have some sense of the fitness of things. HALUCI NATIONS, HOBGOBLINS. Senator Stewart Tells What Alia tbe Nebraska Colonel. Senator Stewart of Nevada, the stal wart silver leader, will vote and work for McKinley this year. He is tired of Bry an and Bryanism and here is why he has left the Popocrat fold: "Mr. Bryan's unparalleled campaign for the principles of the Chicago plat form and his insistence on the adoption of that platform at Kansas City," said Senator Stewart, "induced the people to suppose the campaign of 1!KHJ would be conducted on the issues of lS'.'G. In this way they were mistaken. An hallucina tion induced Bryan to make war on an army or ghosts and hobgoblins, wnicn a diseased brain created. His instinct, which has formerly led him to consider realities, departed. He sought his closet in pursuit of phantoms, and strung to- ether ten thousand words, which he gave to the public at Indianapolis. He omitted all mention of the issues of 1SU0 and summarized the paramount issue of the present campaign iu a pledge to the Tagal Guerrillas." Whatever the direct result of Senator Stewart's secession from the fusion alli ance in Nevada, the rapid spread of the Western revolt against Col. Bryan's In dianapolis program introduces an element of doubt into the canvass in Nevada, (Colorado, Montana. Idaho and Utah which was wholly lacking four years ago. Put on the defensive in one and all these former strongholds by an at tempted change of issues, and gaining no material strength elsewhere by the sudden about 'ace of his acceptance speech, it is easy to see the stamp of genuine inspiration on Mr. Stewart's prophecy that the Nebraska lender's pres ent "anti-imperialistic" canvass is doom ed to defeat. Nevada silverites. what are left of them, are bothered about the determina tion of Senator Stewart to support the policy of the administration. Surveyor General Kelly says: "I think Jones will go. next," ami Sam Davis the acrobatic humorist who conducts the Carson Ap peal, is State controller and engages iu various occupations, meanwhile expresses his ideas in the one seutem-e: "The Ap peal will blister Stewart." WHY CORN PRICES ARE HIGHER. Republican Policy Haa Knabled the Workera to Kut More. In 1S00 there was a record-breaking crop of corn, amounting to 2,-isi.85,lU5 bushels. The highest price, however. corn reached that year in Chicago was 30 cents per bushel, during the month of April. During no other month did the price touch 30 cents. In September, at the height of the Bryan boom, it got as low as cents, and through tbe rest of 1S9G it did not touch higher than cents, the record for the second half of the year being made shortly after the an nouncement of McKinley's election. In lS'JO there was the largest crop of corn since 1S06, it amounting to "J.07S. 143.933 bushels, which was .TJl.-VU bushels, or about ! per cent under the crop of 1S00. The Chicago price of corn, however, during the whole of lS!y did not touch lelow 30 cent .1 bushel, w hich was only Vit cent a butbtl below the high FACTS ABOUT THAT "BRITISH ALLIANCE. Investigation by Father Malone, the American Priest. Lord Salisbury's Diplomatic Plans President McKinley ft Independent Policy Oar Course Regarding Cbioa Tells the Story. Rev. Thomas II. Malone of Denver writes from London his information and opinion on the relations between ihe United States and Great Britain. The letter is the more igni6cant because four years ago Father Malow'a sympathy were strongly with the free silver raw and bis influence was cast on the sili- of Bryan. For some time this widely known priest has been abroad and his facilities for judging of what are the actual rela tions between the two governments ban been exceptionally good. The letter i addressed to Mr. It. C. Kerens, the Mim souri member of the Republican national committee. Father Malone writes: "Mr. McKinley' attitude during the present crisis in China must be sorely disappointing to such men a Hon, Bourke Cockron and others who have, a special object in making it appear that the President has really if not nominal ly entered into on alliance with England. "Mr. Cockran and thoce who think with him nre well aware that if the pop ular mind "can be led to believe Mr. ?.! Kinley's administration is committed to the fortunes of England the Irish niul Germans of the country would resent his attitude-to the extent of throwing their votes against him at the polls. "But in considering this question one" should be actuated by higher uiotiv- than partisan advantage, for the welfare of our country, regardless of party, most depend upon the patriotic impulses of the people. "I,- too, wnnkl resent any alliance lw- tween the United State and England', but I would equally resent the rhnrge that such an alliance exists until it shall have been proven beyond the perad ven ture of a doubt. Now, what are the facts in the case a demonstrated by re cent developments? The Chinese tron; bles, which at the present writing nre in a most acute stage, furnish the key to tin position of the United States Government in so far at least ns any alleged alliance with England is concerned. Mr. Hay's note to the powers ret forth clearly the President's policy, and. looking at it from this side of the ocean, confess that it seems to disarm the critics who for the past year have been profligate in charging undue sympathy for England on the part of our Govern ment. From the English point of view this policy, it is frankly admitted here in Loudon, has been keenly disappointing. It was assuredly the desire and intent too of the British Government to so use the United States and Japan as to conserve its own interests at home and abroad. This would readily have been done by throwing these two countries between China and Russia so as to thwart mil weaken the latter, and thus gain a timely advantage over the allied powers. "Indeed I speak advisedly when I suy that it was confidently hoped that .Mi.. McKinley. in consideration of England! attitude during the Spanish-American war, would readily acquiesce in Lord Sal- sbury' well-laid plans for action. Iu China and allow our Government to bo pushed to the .front and thus shit-lJ the British Government in an hour of trying need. Had the President consented . l ommit the United States to n policy of oint action, with thp powers England would have leen highly elated, for in that case we would soon find ourselvct.n open opposition to Russia, and, , while nominally protecting American lives-Kind nterest, we would in reality be fighting the battles of the British Empire. But Mr. " McKinley's more' -prudent course, us outlined in Mr. II3y s ifoTr. has not been received with cordial gooVl will in England, whose position 'iftliy be- nferred -from a' paragraph In' to-diiV'h Hobo which ' expresses aiAnzcinciit "flint he United States will suffer the wli'ofe ampaign to be rendered abortive rt '- der to gratify what it is pleased" to' 'can the cold and Calculating designs of KnV- ia.' - - "One feels from the atmosphere that the United States Government is in Jim mood for an alliance of any Uiiid with England.. That 'Barkis is wiilin' ' on tins side of the ocean there is no shadow i'r doubt. . . , "Honor.-looking at the Provider t' pol icy from the point of view uftVrdrri I England, I am convinced that lie nicriit nUat he sM at the dinner of the Omy Society iu New York v lu a lie n IIk iih iI that bis policy wa both to avoid nfa.n, gling alliance with as well as hostility to any other nation. And I". Tin inoteoyer convinced that the British Empire ! n ceivini; neither encouragement nor yi;i. pathv ut this time from the Government at Washington. "THOMAS II. MALONE. "London. England." record price of IN! HI. I-'or i month of the year it did not get below ,'2Vfe ktih a bushel. After Sept. 1 the trr.tr iv;. between 31 Vi ami 415 cent a lushrl. which was over 10 crnts .- bn!,cl N thri, or from "o to 30 er cent lM-t;eiv, ti.Aii the range for the same period in 4SJ. That the farmci in ISM eon Id p-t firm one-quarter to one-third bettor pi iocs l their corn than in IN:!, wii.'i na'j J-jiit one-tenth less oorn to noil. !u-w lew greatly they l n tiled by the l co;ui 11. , markets flic R-pul!ioan policy of MiMig the city workman's dinner pail had giv en them. The pokemon of the' Demo cratic party contend that tbe pTetrttf propeiity lias come from the large eiepn of the lat four years, and i not lu n, any mouie to Republican policies.. In IN!?. Iiowocr. with a re ord brraV fnK bumper crop of eorn there were lisrtl times not prosperity, iu the corn l-rlt In 1N!.. with a IO per cent Ir roiti crop than in JNOG, there wa prosper. ly heaped down and running ever. 1 B r i6cS r rti law."