: MEXICAN NEWSPAPERS.
I
JOURNALISM AND JOURNALISTS IN A
SPANISH REPUBLIC.
How the PriM Is Nubnldlzrtl by the Gov
ernment Something About "News
paper Itow" in the MexicHn IVuiteo
tlarjr The Profit of Newspaper Work.
Here's your daily paper of tomorrow!
Tliis is the cry I hear at 5 o'clock every
afternoon in the streets of Mexico City.
Dozens of newslioj's are crying it.
Haed, dirty little fellows, they look
out under biff hats and stick cheaply
printed newspapers under yonr none
while they yell out in Spanish the names
of their papers and Bay that they con
tain all the news of tomorrow. In the
morning they will cry the same pajiers
aa just front the press and pretend that
they contain all the news of the day.
Mexican daily newspapers are always
printed in the afternoon lefore the date
of publication. The editors and report
era are too lazy to think of night work
and they have no idea of the value of
news. Telegrams are just as likely to
be printed three days after reception or
to be thrown out entirely iu to le used
at once, and a prosy thre column edi
torial often crowds out a b accident or
good news matter. The Mexican re
jorters do not know what the word
"scoop" means, and many of them will
not take telegrams, becauso they Bay
they have not the room for them.
Nevertheless, there arc twenty-nine
dailies in Mexico Citj'. The most of
these are subsidized by the government.
All have small circulation, and the big
gest journal of the whole Mexican re
public runs out only aljout 5,000 copies
daily. This is El Monitor Republicano,
which is the great independent daily of
Mexico City, which contains about o00,
000 people and which is bigger than Cin
cinnati. NEWSPAPER ROW.
. The Monitor Republicano pays 40,000
a year and it is the best newspaper prop
erty in Mexico. It gets no subsidy from
the government and it is supported by
the Conservative party. It is one of the
most independent of journals in its ad
vertising methods. It will not take an
advertisement for any fixed time, only
or as long as it is convenient to publish
it, and it will not make any reduction in
price for a number of insertions. It has
four pages and sells for six cents a copy.
The editor of The Republicano is now
and then too decided in his criticisms of
the government, and like all other edit
ors in Mexico he suddenly finds himself
arrested and given a few months or a
year or so's imprisonment in the peni
tentiary. (There is practically no free
dom of the press in Mexico. The editor
of a newspaier who is obliged to sign
his name to his matter never feels cer
tain as to whether he will not be taken
to Belem, which is the name of the
Mexican penitentiary. There is, in fact,
a corridor of this prison which is devoted
t newspaper editors and which goes by
the name of "Newspaper Row."
The most of the articles iu a Mexican
newspaper are signed, and the paper has
to print in every issue the name of a
man who is responsible for those which
are not signed, and in case of trouble as
to the unsigned articles this man goes to
prison. In some of the newspaper offices
here the attaches assume this responsi
bility turn abouL El Tiempo or The
Times is the organ of the Church party,
and it often denounces the government.
Its editors are frequently imprisoned,
but it makes about $10,000 a year and it
considers itself doing well.
The leading government paper is El
Universal. This is subsidized by the
government and it gets $1,000 a month
from President Diaz. The editor lnis
also been made a senator and he gets a
senator's salary. The Universal has
about fifteen editors to every one re
porter, and this is the proportion in most
of the offices. The editorials are chiefly
essays.
THE PAY OF EDITORS AND REPORTERS.
The Mexicans do not know what the
racy paragraph means. The first page
of every Mexican newspaper is devoted
to long winded critiques and commen
taries on current events or history.
The only live paers that the city has
are two dailies published in English and
patronized by the English speaking peo
ple of Mexico. One of these is The Two
Republics, which was established about
twenty-five years ago and which makes
about $10,000 a year. The other English
paper is known as The Anglo-American.
All kinds of newspaper work in Mexico
are poorly paid. Editors get from $10
to fsJo a week in Mexican money, which
is only from $7.50 to $18 a week in
American money. The essay editors get
the highest salaries. As to telegraphic
news, the papers seem to think nothing
of quoting from their contemporaries
telegrams which have been used a day
or two before, and an event three months
old will be put in with as much assur
ance as though it had just happened.
Time, in fact, is of no importance in
any affair of Mexican life, and neither
the people nor the editors seem to care
as to whether the matter is new or old.
1 found newspapers in every one of
the big cities of Mexico I visited,
and there is no perfecting press in all
Mexico. The presses in use are of the
Id French style, made after patterns
which have long since been abolished.
The amount paid for telegraphic service
in Mexico City ranges from $4 to $25 per
week per newspaper, and only the lead
ing newspapers pay anything for tele
grams. As to newspaper correspond
ents, these are paid by getting a copy of
the paper free, and the papers through
out are run on the economical ground.
,The printers get from 23 to 35 cents per
thousand ems and a good foreman re
ceives a salary of $30 a week. Such
printers as are on salaries get from $t5 to
$12 a week, and all of these sums are in
Mexican money, which is worth only 75
cents to the dollar. Frank G. Carpenter
in New York World.
A Winsted (Conn.) man belongs to
twenty-four secret societies, three
-churches, nine military companies and
ionr volunteer fire organizations.
The Pleasure of Matured Agm.
Young people in this country are very
apt to think that the world and its
pleasures belong to them alone, that thu
outlook for older jeople is colorless and
uninteresting, and that, at the best, tiiey
can only enjoy life vicariously through
their children. This is, however, by no
means th case; the sense of enjoyment
is as keen, in most instances, at fifty
at twenty-Iivo. and vastly more appre
ciative. To Lo sure, thr- which would
constitute the pleasures ot one age vkuI.J
not by exactly the kind which would sni)
another
"I do not envy you a bit." said a ':. r
old lady f seventy, as her grandd ui . li
ters presented themselves in all !.'
bravery of their fine attire before go:. .
to the ball. "1 have my pleasures, t .
and I would not exchange my comfort
able seat before the blazing fire with my
feet on the fender and a good novel fi.
all of your anticipated triumphs."
Young people are really too full oi
themselves to enjoy thoroughly an ab
stract idea, too brimming over wi'.li
their own i-rsonality to enter entirely
into the spirit of art, music or the myst it
beauty of nature. Only those who havt
learned that "flesh and blood cannot in
herit the kingdom" can feel the kee:in
tellectnal enjoyment that is warped h.v
no personal bias, no restless self seeking;
and whatever may be the glory of you: h.
to it is not given the fuller and high
appreciation that only comes with m.i
turer years. New York Tribune.
tnill Hook in Paris.
Parisians if we are to judge fr'rr.
some statistics published do not taktsn
kindly at present to fiction in book form.
Formerly the yellow covered novel,
which costs usually about half a crown
or a little more when just issued, was to
be seen on every table and in the hand-
of numerous travelers by boat, rail oi
car. There is now, however, a crisis
threatened in the book trade, and novel?
are at a considerable discount
It is estimated that there are from fif
teen to twenty popular authors whose
books fill the requirements of the pub
lishers. To attain this end at least
thirty thousand copies of a work must
be sold. Zola aud a few others reach
this point easily, but it has happened
lately that one of the most celebrated of
the latter-day fictionists had the misfor
tune to find that 45,000 copies of his last
production were returned to the pub
lishers by the.Maison Hachette, which
has the monopoly of railway bookstalls
Of a splendidly bound book by a fa
mous author, ornamented with designs
by eminent artists and advertised in the
most extensive and elaborate manner,
only one copy was got off. Of another
work of the same description, but less
expensive, only six copies were sold, the
remainder being handed over at a ridic
ulous price to the secondhand booksell
ers on the quays. It is stated further
more that one publisher in Paris has
now on- hand 3,000,000 volumes which he
cannot sell. London Telegraph.
t
The Mystery of Inheritance.
The IxxJy of an individual animal or
plant is to be regarded, from the point of
view of heredity, as consisting of two
distinct elements. These are germ cells
and body ce'ls, the former devoted to the
important wo-k of reproducing the race,
the latter constituting the actual bodily
material, and discharging all the ordi
nary functions through which the indi
vidual life is maintained. Inheritance is
a matter of the continuity of the germ
plasm or germ cells, which are handed
down from one generation to another iu
cumulative ratio, carrying with them in
each case not the features and qualities
of the one predecessor and parent, but of
all preceding generations.
Assuming that the germ plasm is liable
to exhibit variations, we can see how and
why such vaii.it ions en bo transmitted
to new generations: bat we have also to
take into account the influence on the
germ cells of the body to which they
belong. While, then, inheritance pre
serves through the continuity of the
germ cells the stability of the race, it
gives the rein to variation, and by the
combined influences of environment act
ing on the body of the individual peoples
the world with new and ever varying
forms of life. Dr. Alexander Wilson iu
Harper's. .
An Easy Lesson.
There were two very young women
aged five or thereabouts and exactly of
a size. One had long yellow curls tum
bling about her round pink face and big,
wide blue eyes that looked fearlessly at
everything. The other was fair, too,
but her eyes were dark and timid and
there were little nervous whirls in her
silky black locks. The pair were trot
ting along the wide pave of an uptown
residence street at about 6 o'clock in the
afternoon. After three blocks of it Miss
Blue Eyes said, in just her mamma's
tone:
"Now, Eessie, dear, I must kiss you
goodby. Your house is just around the
corner and nothing will hurt you. There
is a policeman right opposite; rnn home
now, and be sure you come again soon.
I have so enjoyed our talk about the
dear little doggie and the dolls. Tell
Julia my Estelle sends love to her, and
come tomorrow. 1 am so glad always"
floating off in the middle of a sentence.
Bessie went around the corner all
! a-tremble. and probably got safe home.
Half way across the block her compan
i ion heaved a deep, world weary sigh and
I said rerlectivelj', "You just have to be
j polite but my ain't it awful tiresome
! sometimes!" New York Recorder.
No Deformed Chinamen.
! "Did you ever see a deformed or crip
; pled Chinaman?" asked a gentleman.
There was a negative reply, and the
! questioner continued: "1 don't think you
: ever silL If a Chinese child is born de
formed it is made away with as soon as
! possible. Just how the babe is killed I
, do not know, but it is never permitted
' to live. You may travel all over the
j world and you will never see a cripple;!
' Chinaman. When an accident befalls
. one of them he is made away with too.
This is a part of their religion, and they
adhere to it closely." Washington Post.
BONES OF MASTODONS.
WHY COMPLETE SKELETON"? AHE
RARELY FOUND NOWAD.V.'S
Portions of Animals Are Fr-u-nt iy
Currietl Away by Siuallur Cr 1 11 1 ...
Then the fionra (ietitrally Ie-iiii i.o-e.
Evidence That Men Saw Them.
A reporter has had an interesting la!';
i with Professor Ward on the subject ..
the mastodon remains discovered at (J
field. "A man came to me yesterday '
said he, "and showed me a rib which i."
said he had dug up. It was certainly a
mastodon rib. He said he was going to
dig for the rest of it, but I doubt if I. '
finds very much more. Yon can eaviiy
see how this might be. Suppose a:i
gets stuck in the mud and dies, wolves
tear the flesh and gnaw the bones; per
haps a skunk will carry some of tie
smaller ones into his hole. Bones de
compose. If there is a flood they become
scattered.
"So, you see, before time has du;; a
grave in which the remains of our i::
aginary ox may rest undisturbed U r
ages, chance has scattered them far and
wide. So it is with the fossil remains
of the mastodon and mammoth, and th
man who finds one bone of the animal
and digs for the rest is very apt to be
disappointed. There is hardly a county
in the United States west of New Eng
land where remains of mastodons have
not been found at one time or another.
The country was full of them. I believe
that a mastodon tooth was found in this
city some twenty years ago, and several
bones were found near the Brighton
lock. The mammoth bore about the
same relation to the mastodon that the
Indian elephant does to the African.
"Mastodons were more numerous in
this country and mammoths in Europe
and Asia.
THE STUDY OF BONES.
"I have here," continued Professor
Ward, "the skull and upper jaw of a
baby mastodon which, as you see. is
very perfect. The teeth are milk teeih,
and you can see one of the second teeth
imbedded in the upper jaw. The teeth
formed at the rear and were pushed for
ward. I say a baby mastodon, and so it
was; but it was as large as the largest
ox to be seen at a county fair. Under
the upper layer of skull you see this sort
of honeycomb of bone. You know
enough of anatomy to remember that
the human skull is composed of aa
upper and under layer of hard bone,
with softer bone between. The human
head does not require to be large to be
in proportion to the body, and a caput
just large enough to hold the brain is all
ihat is required.
"An elephant, mastodon or mammoth
does not require a large brain, but they
all need a massive head. Here you have
the upper and under layer, as in the
human skull, but the porous bone be
tween is magnified enormously. It is
nearly a foot in thickness in some of the
larger specimens. I remember when I
was on the coast of Africa seeing what I
supposed to be an enormous hornet's
nest. The natives told me it was tha
head of an elephant which they had
killed three or four years previous. The
upper layer of the skull had been shelled
off, leaving the middle honeycomb of
bone exposed to view. It was some time
before I could bring myself to believe
that it was really an elephant's skull."
Professor Ward showed his visitor his
collection of mammoth and mastodon
bones. He has nearly enough of different
sizes to reconstruct an entire animal,
but, of course, the variation in size
would prevent this. It is much more
satisfactory in the results obtained to
take these specimens for models and re
construct a skeleton from wood. "I sup
pose," said the reporter, after a prolonged
inspection of these curiosities, "I sup
pose that human eyes never saw these
wonderful animals that roamed over the
country in such vast numbers so long
ago."
THE ONLY EVIDENCE.
"You are mistaken," said Professor
Ward, "though your mistake has been
that of the world of science until recent
ly. Bones of the mastodon have been
found split open in such a way that the
object of breaking them was evident. It
was to obtain the marrow within. But
more, the stone head of a hatchet with
which the work was done has been found
near by. Now, there are no animals
which use stone hatchets to break up
bones. That hatchet head was once the
implement of some primeval warrior. A
shoulder blade of the mastodon, a bone
comparatively thin, has been fuud
pierced, as if by a spear, and the spear
head has been found with it. The spea:
was evidently thrust in and withdrawn
from the body of the animal, and when
it was withdrawn its head was probably
torn off. Monkeys don't carry spears.
"But, though these evidences are con
vincing enough, they are not the best
proof we have that man existed in the
days of the mammoth and the mastodon
and has survived them both. Anti
quarians who have spent so much time
in an endeavor to discover the meaning
of the mounds erected by the mound
builders have made one thing certain.
Many of these mounds were constructed
in the shape of animals and birds. There
on the wall hang a number of facsimiles
of these mounds. They were prepared
by a member of the Milwaukee His
torical society. There is one which cv;
dently represents a hawk or some si:.i:... .
bird of prey with outstretched winu.
and there is another which evidently
portrays some squirrellike animal with
a remarkably long tail, and here, yon
have as perfect a representation of an
elephantlike animal as could well be con
trived. "Now. had the mound builders been
as learned in comparative anatomy as we
are, and had they reconstructed a mas
todon as we have, they could never have
understood the meaning of the cavity in
the skull which indicates to us that the
animal had a trunk. We could never
have done that had we not seen an ele
phanL No, the mound builders saw the
mastodons before they became extinct
They hunted them ' and, perhaps, were
practically instrumental in their exter
mination." Rochester Post-Expresa
Grand Fal! and Winter Opening About
Opera House Corner
MjERCHA!NT!S
SUMMER
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ISTO'W OUST.
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Quilting and piecing-, comforting
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Milss Nerveand Liver Pllle-
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Smallest, mildest, surest! 50 doses, 25c.
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Hair chains, rings, crosses a n
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Mrs. A. Knee.
tf 1720 Locust St.
Ladies, among that sample line
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The I C spectacles and ej'eglasses
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JJ0
epto 15, '91
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FRED GORDER
The only Implement dealer who has made a success in Ca?s County
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