pari
To check this profanation of the Lord's
day be engaged four women, teachers of
week day scbool. to Instruct such chil
dren as lie should send them on the Sunday
in reading and the church catechism, for
which they were to receive ono shilling
earn
A vl.slblo Improvement being effected In
a short timo. both In the manners and
laoutln of thechOdrea. Mr ttaikes' scheme
attracted general attention llor majesty
VuiH'ii Charlotte admitted him to an audi
t-neo. and expressed high approbation of
Ills plan Numerous schools formed on
tho same inodul sprangip In the principal
towns, and a society, under high patron
r was formed in Loudon in 1765 for the
establishment and support of Sunday
schools throughout the kingdom. This
was tho first stage of the Sunday BchooL
GUATUITUUB INSTRUCTION.
A gmit lmjHidiment to prosperity was
the exjK-nso of hiring tho teachers. It is
Dot certain who first conceived the idea of
gratuitous instruction, but this in time
camo alx.ut. and the result was that by the
year 100 teaching in tho Sunday school
was almost universally without remuneration
In I son tho Sunday School union was
formed, which, by its numerous publica
tion.- agents nnJ branch societies in tho
different parts of tho kingdom, exercised
u wide iuliuenco The Instituto of the
Church of England, which operated In a
like manner, is of a similar date.
Scotland boasts of Sunday schools as
early as 1742 Dut it was not till 1780,
when tho Society for Promoting Religi
ous Knowledge among the Poor was
formed, that they were publicly recog
nized, nor until 1707. when the first Free
runday School society was organized,
that tree Sunday schools became goneral.
At first tLtso met with considerable op
position from portions of the ecclesiasti
cal court, but this coon vanished, and
Sunday school unions existed in most of
the largo towns
Sunday schools in Ireland had been In a
measure anticipated in County Down La
1770. but tho system pursued by Mr.
ILiikes vra-J not adopted till about 17S3.
bine which date its system has been
similar to that of England
In Ireland tho Sunday School society
svas established in 1809.
The Roman Catholics, In the Doited
lungdooi at least, have numerous Sunday
ochooia.
TXIK FTEST IS AJTEKICA.
The Flrt Day or Sunday School society,
formed in Philadelphia la 17SI. U the first
permanent Sunday school organization La
the United States of which there is trust
worthy record It was composed of members
cf different denominations. Including the
Society of Friends Its constitution re
quired that reading and writing from the
Bible and fcue.b other religious and moral
books as the social y approved should fur
nish the course of instruction. The New
York Sunday School onion was organized La
3S1C. the Philadelphia Sunday and Adult
ScL:x! union ouo year later These three
societies recognized the vnioa of different
denominations, and led to the organization
.... . . t C .1 1 . ! . .4.
ol lue American unuay ocuooi uuiuu i
Philadelphia la 1S21 The object of this
union was to concentrate the efforts of
Sunday school societies in different sec
tions of the United States, and to 6ta t
school wherever there were children
found in sullicient numbers toatteud them
It naturally came about tuat as new
states were settled and kite various denom
inations were strengthened, increased
attention was given by each to its own
Sunday schools.and denominational unicc3
to promote these were formed As years
passed, the question bock was added to
tho original recitation, and at length In a
great degree superseded it Later on
came lesson helps, texts, maps, black
board exercises, eto In the earlier schools
reward tickets were given, and when these
had Ruilieiently accumulated they were
exchanged for books This stimulated
the production of works of a character
suitable to young minds, and from this
has been developed the Sunday school
library
hiz Uita twist with hi lariat rouJ
the horn of the saddle, drags the bawling
little creature, extended at full length.
up to tho fire, where It is held before it
can make a struggle. A less skillful roper
catches round the neck, and then, if the
calf Is a large one. the man who seizes it
has his hands full, as the bleating, bucking
animal develop3 astonishing strength.
cuts the wildest capers, and resists fran
tically and with all its power. If there
are seventy or eighty calves In a corral.
the scene is one of the greatest confusion
Tho ropers, spurring and checking the
fierce little horses, drag the calves up so
quickly that a dozen men can hardly hold
hold them, the men with the irons.
blackened with soot, run to and fro; the
calf wrestlers, grimy with blood, dust
and sweat, work like beavers; while with
the voice of a stentor the tallyman shouts
out the number and sex of each calf. The
ust rises in clouds and the shouts,
cheers, curses and laughter of the men
unite wifch the lowing of the .ws and the
frantic bleating of the ropeu calves to
make a perfect BabeL Theodore Roose
velt in The Century.
Prisoners Placed on Parole.
In Now York the court may send the
prisoner to what is known as the state re
formatory instead of the state prison.
provided it is his first offense. lie goes to
the reformatory for the maximum time
fixed by law as the penalty for his crime
For example, if the maximum term for
burglary la twenty years and the mini
mum term one year, his sentence is fixed
at twenty years. At any time after one
year that the directors become satisfied
that the prisoner will lead an honest life
they may, after providing employment for
him, either by the board or bis friends.
permit him to go out on parole. The con
ditions are fcoma thing like this: lie
shall report to the warden at the
end of each moilth what amount
he has earned, what expended, what
his associates have been, and other
matters pertaining to his life. This
must be verified by his employer. If
these conditions are faithfully observed
daring the term stipulated in the parole.
wnetner it De six or twelve coontija or
longer, at the end of that tune he receives
an absolute release, which restores him to
citizenship.
If he violates the conditions of his pa
rcja he may be returned to the prison on
an order tasked by the directors and be
compelled to serve oat his ful term, or if
incorrigible may be transferred to the
state penitentiary and there be compelled
to serve out the maximum term. In Ohio
tho tr.src may be paroled at any time after
serving the minimum term, but the parole
continues In force until toe end of the
maximum term is reached under siibslaa
tially the same conditions as are in use In
New York. Chicago Times Interview.
Good Wonl for the Keporter.
Reporters differ in many ways Some
are purely descriptive, in some a bnmp of
huntor is ma-u:2rently developed, some
permeate a story, short or long, with La
dices of personality Others are cast Iron
In recital, and make their stories as
piquant as 'an algebraical problem. A
good reporter, gifted with natural spirits
and health. Is a thing of beauty and a joy
forever in any well regulated newspaper
office Every door is open to him. and the
Celd of life Ls spread before him with its
6u."hine and Its shadow In the course
of an evening he talks with presidents
and walks' with princes. He sits with the
sorrowful axd mourns with the humble
No place is too acred, none too lowly; no
man is too high, too rich, too great for
him to approach, none too poor, too hum
ble for him to serve. lie is as much at
home in the palace of a millionaire as in a
hospital ward of a prison. He writes with
aqual readiness the glib utterances of a
oefrwled bishop and the harrowing confes
sion of a poor devil in the Tombs.
A good reporter must be discreet. How
much he hears that he cannot tell; how
much be knows that it would not be fair
for htm to re veil- De sees the best and
worst types of society, and has his band
more constantly upon tho pulse of affairs
than any ministar. lawyer, doctor or
raert -ban u Joa Coward la. New - York
Grapbia.- '
Tbe "Echo Maker" at Sea.
Another device, which may be called the
echo maker, that of Mr. Do la Torre, has
been examined C7 9 to 3rd of naval ofu
cers. of wnicn uxumonder Cambridge
Iloff. United States navy, was the bead.
and report was made to the navy depart
ment of a somewhat favorable nature
It may coii< cf s flaring funnel screwed
on the muzzle of a rifta. li lj operated
by firing the rifle in the direction of the
supposed obstacle, such as a rock, an ice
berg, another ship, or a cliff. If the ob
stacle b tL.crp, the beam of sound pro
jected through the iv&zl strikes the ob
stacle and rebounds; and as iuo cuo li
more or less perfect in proportion as the
obstacle is more or less parallel to the ship
from which the gun ls fired, and as It is
near or teasels, the position of the obsta
cle may thns be Inferred-
The board reported that De la Torre's
method was firing a blank cartridge from
a nno 13 the presence of objects as small
as a spar buoy and &s brire as a fort, and
catching the return sound or frvho He
elaitr.a that a sharp sound projected at or
nearly at an object, and only when so
directed, will hi every case return some of
the sound sent, so that theoretically tbera
will always te an echo, end the difference
in tho time hot ween the sound sent and
tho echo will indicate the remoteness cf
the object. The board found that a ro
turn sound could be heard from the side
of a fort a half mile off, from passing
steamers a quarter mile off if broadside to.
from bluffs and sails of vessels about the
same distance, and from spar buoys 200
yards away. Arnold Curves Johnson In
Popular Science Monthly.
The Races of Australia.
The Inhabitants of the continent of
Australia have always been a stumbling
block in the classification of the races,
owing to their exhibiting in a mixed form
soma of the characteristics of two distinct
races. Their complexion, features and
peculiarities of the skeleton are distinctly
negro like, yot the frizzly hair so charac
teristic of that race is not found In the
'Australian. The supposition Is that they
are not a distinct race at all, but a cross
between two branches of two primitive
stocks It has been supposed that the
frizzly haired Melanesians or Oceanio
negroes, which include the Papuans of
New Guinea end the Inhabitants of the
Western Pacific islands, originally peopled
the Australian continent, and that a
modification of their physical characteris
tics was brought about to some degree by
the infusion of a low form of Caucasian,
such as I now found in the interior of
tho southern parts of India, among the
modifications being the change to straight
hair. J lobe Democrat.
. , paved
substantial build-
Ia rnanifiiiLi hmilaTnpn filinlivl
by' leafy birches and poplars; tho
canal, spanned a.t intervals by graceful
bridges; the picturesque tower of tho water
works; the enormous cathedral of Alexander
Nevski; the bourse; tho theatres; the hotels;
the market idaces all seem to indicate a
great populous center of life and commercial
activity: but of liviuz inhabitants there is
not a sign. Grass and Meeds are growing in
tho middle of the empty streets and in the
chinks of the-travel-worn sidewalks; birds
are singing fearlessly in the trees that shade
the lonely and defaced boulevard; tha count
less shops and warehouses are all closed,
haired, and itadlocked; the bells are silent
in the gilded belfries of the churches, and
the astonished stranger may perhaps wander
for a 111110 between solid Mocks 01 uuumii'-s
without seeing an open door, a vehicle, or a
single human being. The city seems to have
been stricken by a pestilence and deserted.
If tho newcomer remembers for what
Nizhni Novgorod is celebrated, he is not
long, of course, in coming to the conclusion
that he is on the site of the famous fair; but
tho first realization of tho fact that the fair
is in itself a separate and independent city,
and a city which during nine months of every
year stands empty and deserted, comes to
him with the shock of a great surprise. The
fair city of Nizuni Novgorod is situated on a
low peninsula between the rivers Oka and
Volga, Just above their junction, very much
as New York city is situated on Manhattan
Island, letween East River and the Hudson.
In geographical position it bears the same
relation to the old town of Nizhni Novgorod
that New York would bear to Jersey City if
the latter were elevated on a steep terraced
bluff 400 feet above the level of the Hudson.
AN EPHEMERAL LIFE.
The Russian fair city, however, differs
from New York city in that ft is a mere
temporary market a huge commercial enra
vansary where 500,000 trailers assemble every
year to buy and sell commodities. In Se)
tember it has frequently a population of
more than 100,000 souls, and contains mer
cnanoise vaiuea at o,ouu,uuu; wnue in
January, February or March all of its in
habitants might be fed and sheltered in the
smallest cf .its hotels, and all pf its goods
might be put into a single one or its in
numerable shops. Its life, therefore, is a sort
of intermittent commercial fever, in which
an annual paroxysm of intense and unnatural
activity is followed by a long interval of
torpor and stagnation.
It seems almost incredible at first that a
city of such magnitude a city which con
tains churches, mosques, theatres, markets,
banks, hotels, a merchants' extLangp and
nearly 7,000 shops and inhabitable buildings,
should have so ephemeral a life, and
should be so completely abandoned every
year after it has served the purpose for
which it was created. V hen I saw this
unique city ror tne nrsr time, on a clear
frosty night in January, 1868, it presented
an extraordinai y picture of loneliness and
desolation. Tho moonlight streamed down
into its long empty streets where tho un
broken snow lay two feet deep upon the side
walks; it touched with silver the white walls
and swelling domes of the old fair cathedral,
from those tow&rs there came no clangor of
bells; it sparkled on great snowdrifts heaped
up against the doors of the empty houses,
and poured a flood of pale light over thou
sands of snow-covered roofs; but it did not
reveal anywhere a sign of a human being.
The city seemed to be not only uninhabited,
but wholly abandoned to the arctic spirits of
solitude and frost.
A Busr MULTlTUi.
When I saw it next, at the height of tho
annual fair in the autumn of 1S70, it was so
changed as to be almost unrecognizable. It
was then surrounded by a great forest of
shipping; its hot, dusty atmosphere thrilled
with tUo iiCfeS&nt wh'Sthnj' of steamers:
merchandise to the' value of i-25,C(Q,0(.'0 rubles
lav on its shores Or was packed into its 6,000
siiops; every buiiuing witnm its limits was
crowded; 00,000 people were crossing every
day the pontoon bridge which connected it
with th"J ( d town ; a military band was
playing airs from Offenbach's operas on the
great boulevard in front of tho governor's
house, and through all the streets of tho re
animated and reawakened city poured a
great tumultuous flood of human life.
J did rot see the fair city again until June,
IS? 5, when I found ip almost; as completely
deserted as on the occasion of my first visit,
but in other ways greatly changed and im
proved. Substantial brick buildiugs had
t?t-en the place of the long rows of inflam
mable wooden shops and 6hods; the streets
in many parts of the city had been neatly
paved; the number of stores and warehouses
hid largely increased, and the lower end of
the peninsula had been improved and digni
fied by the erection of the groat Alexander
Nevski cathedral. George Kennan in The
Century, -
uHppen in in
Tbe one showing
3 just at this time
-end her colony of
-lug the simplocir
(.iAindance of rabbits,
t the laboring class of
. .obtain sufficient auiiuul
- ,or meat for themselves and
-ny go by night to catch a rabbit
When game-keepers, or police step
3 poor, fellows are sent to prison and
aded as poachers. The government of
.jw South "Wales, instead of securing these
experts in the art of snaring, "and canning the
meat as fast as tho rabbits are caught, are
inviting men who, with vilo poison, arealjotit
to spreud disease among the ioor creatures,
so that they may die an awful, lingering
death, the flesh and skin also being wasted.
The English government and 'gentry" are
at great ex pen&e in watching and punishing
tho very men in England who would Ijo in
valuable in Australia. If they would give
these "poachers" a free passage to Svdney,
and the heads of government thero would
t<dthcm by contracting to present thcn
with a homestead, when tho rabbits were
caught, they would do it rijrht away, ten
times faster than these poisonous cholera
doctors. By employing artists in cunning
millions of dollars might be made of tho pre
served rabbit meat. How much more sens
ible to make money of the flesh and skins? If
the quantity should bo immense and put tho
trice down very low so much the better.
The poachers would make money at even five
cents per rabbit, as they would catch on t ri
average of 200 every d.-.y, ::;: .l n ir.i.. v,; t . ;
number' at first. The uelicious food could
then bo taken to England and sold at a prico
within reach of every half starved agricul
tural or other laborer. George Garduer in
New York Herald.
Forming u Town Lot Syndicate.
A Lincoln man who has just returned
from an extended tour of the country re
cently struck a small town in Missouri where
the shanties composing tho metropolis were
surrounded by numerous ucresof land staked
off into lots, liefore one of tho magnificent
trade 'emporiums sat ail old man smoking a.
corn cob pipe and apparently plunged in
meditation. The Lincoln man assumed an
air of profound innocence and accosted him,
when this dialogue ensued;
" V hat are these stakes here for?"
"Town lots, stranger Thi3 hvar town
Ls just er goin' to have a boom. An opcry
house will be built thar, cf nothin' happens."
vv 110 owns this property:'
"A syndicut. Ye won't sec ary flies on
this town."
"What i" a syndlpalut
"Why, -ye see, a syndicut is er lot of fel
lers in ther city what has mone3', and they
sorter get together and buy up a farm, and
they stake it off, ye see, an' start a Ioom.
That thar land was ther Widder Mnguiro
farm, but ther syndicut bought it, ovA
staked it off "
"And how does the syndicate do its boom
ing'
" Wal, one feller in ther syndicut cots con
trol of it all, ye see, and he sells a lot to an
other feller, an' it goes round an' round, an'
every time it goes rouud tho price is riz."
But then it would never be sold out of
that body."
It wouldn't, eh? Stranarer. ver vion-r
Finally, er lot is. sold to some outside folkr'
and then it's deddycated, ye see, an' don't go
ouna no more."
"Thanks; now I know all about it." Ne
braska State Journal.
The Plattsmouth Herald
Is on joying aEoomin both, its .
AND WEEKLY
DITIONS.
32M KIRBi
aaal alii
iL Jul
1888
Will le one during which the subjects of
national interest and importance will le
strongly agitated and the election ol' a
President will take place. Hie people of
Cass County who would like to learn of
Political, Commercial
and Social Transactions
of this year tmd
the times
would keep
should
i'.p;
ice with
Overworked Locomotive Engineers.
The greatest precaution that railroad com
panies have taJea or years to guard
against the possibility of accidents has been
tho allowance to engineers of eisht hours'
sleep and rest between each trip. Many a
lime both my fireman and myself have, una
wares dropped asleep from fatigue and ex
haustion, while our train was rushing along
tho track with its precious cargo of human
freight. But none of those aboard the train
knew of the negligence save ourselves. Of
course, we did not take these naps knowingly
or purposely, but would drop asleep uncon
sciously, and not awake till tlfal engine passed
a switch or rustic depot, Causing an echoing
noise that served to bring us to our senses.
This was particularly the case in the seas
ons of excursions, when an engineer, after
making one long trip, would go home, eat
bis frugal meal and prepare to take a much
needed rest, when suddenly a messenger
would arrive and summon him to report at
once for another long trip. The order was
imperative, for if the engineer refused he
would forfeit his position, Many accidents
have occurred in this way which were at
tributed to other sources. One night I ran
two miles post an important station before
awakening, and when the conductor asked
me the reason, I replied that the air brake
refused to work because the rubber hose had
burst. Then I had to take a hatchet and Cla
and rain a section of hose to verify my re
port, which was wade in writing to the cQ-cei-s
of the company. Engineer In Globe
Cfittpcjat. '
Scorcliinj; a Hindoo Priest.
In a temple within the palace enclosure a
daily offering of ft goat is n;ad to the blood
loving goddess "Kali." AVe did not sec 1 ho
day's sacriflce, but the blood was yet fresh
which flowed from the neck of tho lit!.!.;
offering, which is severed by one blow from
the high priest. I was looking at the goddess
with her necklace of skulk tLiough my
opera glaas. i" saw the' priest auspe'eted me of
some disrespect to tho doit-. I gave hirn the
uss. He marveled at the huge size tho
image assumed. I then turned the glass and
made him look through tho diminishing end.
"Wow! Wow! W-o-wPwas his exclama
tion of surprise.
After making our offering I was abc.u; to
lighi, my ciga in the couri'with a magnify
ing or sun glass. I saw his reverence wanted
to see the tWTTg. I motioned him to hold out
his hand. His face wore an expression of
sweet innocence as the rays of the sun began
to brighten on the back of his fist, but whor
they got to a little focus and sh.t ,7 hot sv-l?i
mi-j ms Lrovu0&h.m ho utterc-U aiiotii-r:
"Wow! wow J' oh, wow! w-o-wl" I never
saw such merriment as the other priests and
attendants exhibited, and the good old chap
seemed hugely to relish tho joke. But I
noticed that every now and then he voi;;-i
look a thfi liuio ruasid rpot and rub it wim
his other hand. He will know a sun glass
hereafter. Carter Harrison in Chicago Mail.
SUBSO HISS:
-FOR EITIIRi: THE
Daily
!
ifli
S f 52 p
I
I
Now while we have the puhject before tlie
people we will venture to tpeak of our
r
The "Three Sixes" Alarm.
Speaking of fires. onr 'occasionally hearo
the ' remark that tno- alarm sounded "three
sixes." Now what is meant by "three sixes"
is an enigma to most 'persons. It is popu
larly supposed it is a general alarm, and will
bring to the scene of action all the fire ap
paratus in the city. This is a mistake, fin
iahtee sixes" are substantially equivalent tci
double third alarm. Fh3 and AVater, v
journal devoted to the firemen's inttU'i-it-J,
explains that ordinarily a third t.l.11 iu eallij
out on average f eleven engino companies
and four hook and ladder companies. Tho
"three sixes'' sent out after a third o'--.m Eas
boon eens in will bri- oufct ord"inariiVf
twenty-two --gines eisht Look and ladder
companies, two water towers, tho chief, two
assistant chiefs and several chiefs of bat
talions. These numbers might vary a liulo
according to the location of tha fire.
The full force of the New- York city de:
partruent consists of fifty-five engine conir
panies, eighteen hook and ladder eoinpaniesj
two water towers, two fire boats, one chief
of department, two assistant chiefs and
twelve chiefs of battalions. Scientific Anier
can. '
Wives of Newspaper Men.
There are not a few newspaper men whose"
wives ore constant helpmates in their profes
sion. The wife of Frank Q. Carpenter, the
Washington correspondent,used to clip,every
day, from a score or more of newspapers,
articles which might in future be of use to
her husband. These she would date and then
file away in envelopes in a cabinet made for
the purpose. Consequently, Mr. Carpenter
has lots of clippings on any subject that was
ever written about in the public press. lie
says it is the best thing of it3 kind in exist
ence, and his wife is responsible for it. New
York AVorld.
m EF9 mmmFir?mnB&a
Which is first-cl?K5 ir Alt respects and
from Avhioh our job printers are turning
out much satisfactory Avork.
PLATTSMOUTH,
NEBRASKA.
Quickly Disposed Of.
Magistrate (to prisoner) Drunk and disor
derly; what's your name!
Prisoner Gawge Washington (hie) John
sou, sah.
liagistrata Well,' Gawge Washington
Hick Johnson, it's $10 or thirty days. The
Ejpoch. r
