Saturday morning courier. (Lincoln, Neb.) 1893-1894, August 12, 1893, Image 1
i Saturday Moaning Courier. J t VOLUME 8, NO. 36. UINGOLN, NHURASKA, SAtljRl)AYf AUGUST 2ffl893. I A, 2. PHIGIi FIVU GENTS It:' a :y j & . f ': .ttB ., Ay Mi jlfl 4 -vlj&A 1 'T ii I Jfsl ' i m fc i . nines is dull in Lincoln. Thcro in Knvlnir It. Hut llinrn la iiiitlilfur In (ho local situation to occasion nny nlurni, and on tho other hand thcro is much real encouragement to ho found in ox Isting conditions. A Coukikh Inter viewer was this week assured by a num ber of merchants that they nro doing as much business us they usually do in August, and thoso who report a fulling off stnto that iislightincreusowus notice ablo in tho lust few days. In very many cases dealers, particularly in groceries, i meats and drugs, havo adopted u cash basis, and whilo tho sales 'under this system nro not quite as largo us hereto fore, tho merchants havo tho satisfaction of receiving thoir money when it 1b duo. All merchant flhuvo curtuilrdcrodlts,nnd this of course, has hud its ofTeet on tho volume of business. July and August uro always tho dull est months of tho your in Lincoln, and business is generally quieter from Aug. 1 to 25 than at uny other time. Ono reason for this is tho absenco of students. Business men often speak slightingly of tho colleges and schools as factors in tho commercial lifo of tho city, but a littlo consideration will make it apparent that these institutions nro of substantial benefit. There woroprottycloso to 4,000 students from outsido of tho city in at tendance upon tho various educational institutions of Lincoln lust sonson, and thoy uveruged to spond, including tui tion, about 85 por week, mnking u total of $20,000 por week that is brought from outsido and spent in Lincoln. Of course Lincoln merchants must bo greutly benefited by this considerable expendi ture of money. Many of tho studcntB, particularly in tho normal colleges, do not get away until tho latter part of July or tho first of August, but in this month thoy aro nearly ull awuy, and local business men aro losers for tho t lino being. , Tho stuto fair is another important factor in opening up fall business. This year it will open early in September, and as tho effect of tho fair is always observ able about ten days prior to its com mencement, business may consequently bo expected to recoivo an impetus about August '25. Following tho fuir comes tho influx of students, and tho middle of September invariably sees business in prime condition. This year will bo no exception. Tho educational institutions are recruited mainly from tho furmorB and funning communities, and as thoso huvo been very lightly touched by tho business depression, thoro is no reason to suppose that there will be uny material falling off in tho estimated attendance. Nearly 1,500 students aro confidently expected at tho stuto uni versity; the two normul colleges expect to huvo botween them 2,500 or 3,000 stu dents, und tho totul will bo swelled by tho Wesloyun university, Cotnor, Union ollego, Worthington Military academy, the conservatory of music, tho business college and tho numerous small schools, But Lincoln's main dependence is on ugriculturo, and tho crop prospects con tinuo'oxeollont. Tho yield of corn per acre will not bo so heavy as in some years, but tho acreage 1b unusually jurgo. Whutover depression there may bo in business in this city is very lurgoly tho result of groundless fours and imaginary troubles. There uro no factories with largo numbers of employes suddenly thrown out of employment. Building is quiet; but there uro comparatively fow men out ot employment; so that thoro is no real reason why there should bo nny particular dullness at this time. It should bo remembered thut Lincoln's prosperity is founded, not on this indus try or that, but on ugriculturo, which, broadly speaking, can be said to never fail. r Altogether tho outlook is very encour aging. Within two weeks a marked im provement will bo noticed, und Septem ber is sure to see business grutifyingly active. Perhaps the chief reason for tho pres ent lull in business in Lincoln is tho scarcity of actual money, duo to the un warranted withdrawal of doposlts from the bunks for tho purposo of hoarding. Tho people who uro hoarding their money when it ought to bo in tho bunks und in circulation, uro do.ng moro to re tard business than ull other influences combined. And nothing could bo moro foolish than this drawing ot monoy out, of tho bunks, where it is earning inter est, und hiding it somewbore whero it is not onlyunproductlve, but is liublo to bo stolon or destroyed by tiro. Tho ImnkH of Lincoln uro absolutely safe thut is so long us tho people keep possession of their senses. Tho only jHissiblo danger which threatens tho banks Is a scare among tho cop!o. And thcro is nothing and can bo nothing now to warrant a scare Every bank in tho city has materially reduced its loans, and is abundantly ablo to moot nny legitimate demand, and monoy desalted in them Is Infinitely safer than It Is stored nwny jn an old sock, or buried in tho cellar, or curried around in tho pockot. Nothing would so quickly restore business in this city to its normal condition us tho plac ing in tho banks of tho monoy that in now held In private receptacles. And tho sooner depositors realize this tho hotter it will bo for Lincoln. "DAI8Y BELL." ' Everyone in London is cither whist ling or singing "Daisy Bell." Tho news papers often speak ot it us tho "musses' national anthem." Katio Luwrcnco sings it in about four music hulls every night, and tho "house,'' of course, joins in tho chorus, English fashion, lioro is tho chorus: ' Dalay, Dnlxy, 1to mo your nnwor, ilo; I'm hnlf crmy, nil for tho lovoof jim, It won't Iki BtyJIali mnrrlago, i I can't Afford a cnrrliwe, You'll look neat on tho neat Ot n blcjclo innilo for two. oi Tho subject or tho state's representa tion at tho great fair, seems to bo still ono of interest to tho majority, judging from tho amount of general discussion undndverso criticism it receives. And tins interest was nut lessened by tho amusing uttompt made recently by ono of tho employes of tho Ncbrnsku build ing on tho fuir grounds to say a word in contradiction of thoir own recorded con duct, und in defenso of tho commis sioner. Tho people uro thoroughly familiar with tho circumstances sur rounding tho case, and tho discussion between tho commissioner and tho auditor ot public uccounts is still fresh in tho minds ot ul) rcudors of tho stuto papers, aa woll us somo outside publica tions. Almost unanimously tho press Bustain the auditor in tho course ho hits pursued, and how could it bo otherwise? Tho people felt wronged and indignant at tho miserable expenditure ot tho funds appropriated for the purposo of representing tho stuto, und chnrgo ono individual with tho reckless und whole sale disbursement ot stuto funds for per sonal pleasure, or at least, useless pur poses, but tho indignation wan justly increased, when upon visiting tho build ing, residents ot tho stuto, because belonging to tho class known as "tho common pooplo,"' were trcutcd in a manner not only ill-bred, but outrageous, considering tho fuct that they, as tax payers, hud contributed to tho fund thut mudo tho oxhibit, such as it was, us woll us tho ono thut paid the salaries ot thoso engugod to do tho honors of tho build ing. Truo, tho charge bus been denied, but being brought by numbers exceed ing many times tho ono denying it, we must acknowledge tho old adage "somo fire whoro thcro is so much smoke," con tains somo truth. vino rerorenco lo Mr. unrneau as a "first-class commissioner with a second class appropriation," caused a smilo to flit across many faces. Tho w.'itor of tho "defense" either is in ignoruneo of tho facts, or elso forgets thut fifteen states in tho union huvo erected build ings and mudo exhibits out ot smaller uppiopriutious than Nebraska, any one of which is "a thing of bcuuty" when computed with tho Nebraska effort, und many of which nro especially admired and commented upon by tho press and people ull over tho country. No wonder tho question arises, und gravely demands oxplunntion, whero is the monoy? Pos sibly to tho hiiuio ignorance or forgetful ness may bo attributed the fault from wlieneo arises the later ctiticism. And then comes another question which has been asked many times. Why wero not tho people represented und welcomed to their own building in tho "Whito City" by u matron of prom inonco? Thoro uro certuinly within our borders many women ot long years resi dence, wido acquaintance, and equally in need ot tho compensation received for servicos rendored, who would gladly huvo accepted tho position, boon u credit to tho state, and left with strangers a good impression of Nebraska pooplo by her courteous manner to ull callers. It has been suggested that this brunch of tho state's otTort is on a pur with tho rest ot the commissioner's work, und hours tho inevitable ear marks of per sonal favoritism without consideration of tho people to bo represented, another chargo of the fulsity of which it would bo hurd to convince thoso giving the subject uny uttention. Lynn. i I li Wiiitk Citv, August 10, loU'l.-(Spo. elal CouuiKitCorresi)ondonce. Ono half ot tho time ulloted for tho Columbian exposition tins passed, und it tho llrni halt is a basis of calculation, tho fair will not bo a financial success.unless somo Immediate means aro reached to bring pooplo her, That ,tho crowd is not largo, seem ietie duo to a combination of circumstances, ono ot tho most promi nent being tho flnunelal depression throughout tho countryi Tho reports that everything was expensive hero, wero not confined to our own country, but found their way into foreign news papers, und pooplo of moderate means huvo been afraid to como. Tho people ot Chicago and managers of tho fuir made u great mistake in warranting these reports to go outv, und to bo generally published. They have groutly overdone their doslro to make money. Tho result is, everything sold upon tho grounds, is utaprico far abovo what it Bhou'ld bo and tho reason Ib given that such a largo per cent is ex uded by tho management, that to make a profit themselves, thoy niUBt sell at high prices. This is done to such an extent that a very small number buy lunches or dinnor insido tho grounds, but nearly everyone carries u lunch put up outsido, andpcoplogot their dinnor In tho evening utter thoy leave tho grounds, Tho longest faces, however, aro to bo seen on tho people who aro running hotels, restaurants, and renting rooms, Their plans indicate thut they expected tremendous crowdB daily, but thoy nro disuppolntcd; und many of tho hotels have closed, and prices for accommoda tions been reduced. It is expected thut tho railroads will make reductions in rntcs, und that muny moio will bo en abled to visit tho fuir. Those Who como now, will find accommodations outsido tho! grounds at rutos far below thoso announced at tho opening ot tho fair. .It is to-be-hoped-thut many mni'o; will como; for tho fair offers an education which ought to be taken advantage ot it possible To stuto tho most interes ting features ot tho fuir, would bo im possible, for ull uro not Interested uliko, Tho electricity building is ono of tho most attractive buildings in tho evening. It shown ull tho appliances for lighting und heating, und tho many beautiful deigns aro lighted in tho evening. One is a head of Columbus outlined with in candescent globes; another u high col umn covored with tiny globes und lighted with different colored effects. Muchinory is horo'in operation which illustrates tho methods ot olectrotyping electro-plating, gilding and und nickoling; u complete system ot tho telephone 1b shown with ull recent improvements, und u great many devices rocontly applied by elec tricity. Tho kinotogruph, un instrument which transmits scones to tho oyo us well us sounds to tho our is hero shown. Tho study of this department is very in teresting and somo titno could bo spent proiitubly. Tho transportation build ing is one of lending interest. Numerous magazines und papers huvo printed cuts of its main entrance or "Golden Doo r," but no udequato idcu ot its impressive splendor can bo acquired from either picture or nnmo. The exterior urch overhead consists of muny receding urchcB overlaid with gold louf, having tho uppeurunco of heavy covering, and is decorated on either side with uligoricul figures and groups in bas-relief, it is otliciully stated that tens ot thousands of dolluts wero expended in gold leaf for tho ornamentation ot this ono entrance. Combined witli u beautiful shade of light green, the effect is inuguitlccut be yond description. On either side and a littlo above tho arch aro appropriate in scriptions which printed in largo gold letters upon tho terra cottu surfucj of tho structuio, aro easily read on the opposite side of tho lagoon. Upon tho left uro liueon'B .words und upon the right tho immortal Mucuuloy lias con cisely summed up the subject to which tho interior is devoted. Directly beneath ono inscription ap pear tho ancient modes ot travel - in original studies of bas-relief- whilo u)on tho other our moro modern and palatial methods mo illustrated in a similar manner, But no moro attractive is the mag nificence of this entrance, than tho wonders and completncss of tho wonders found inside. Every mode of conveyance by land and water known in tho world from the very first to thoso of tho present day, Is hero illustrated, Models ot steam ships, and boats of all kinds, curs etc., uro uttructively exhibited. A model ot tho warship Victoria, recently lost in thoMediteruueun, uttructsu grcut muny, Tho bout used by Grace Durling in her henWc elTorts to save life, in here, and thof wonder of everyone Ib how nny woman could manage such a largo boat andWlo stieh wonderful deeds. Tho mwricB Malyund ihsjn, an BMferlcs building shows every kind of land many Interesting' fiicts uIhhU ml has its share ot dully visitors. ouu should fail to mako a tour of ctlon of tho government building. display in well arranged, and pinch is of historic interest, among which rtlclcs owned and tised by George hlngton and others' of first promt- in our country. Tho Smithsonian it Is to bo found in this building. Is also u collection ot articles sent kigh tho malls, und which found their' way to tho dead letter olllce. Thro aro among tho list axes, bricks, a lamp chimney, large tmsKots, it of wedding cuke, dolls, rings and Ind ot Jowelry, mil reserve a further mention of rating exhibits until my noxt letter, HI nero oner a row suggestions to who intend visiting tho fair. It Is to taku a trip around tho grounds Intramural road, which, with tho a guide book, will give ono u very idoa of tho locution of tho build- eo that time can lie saved in get- to them. A good viow of tho build- is also obtulned by a rido ujion tho lagoon. This is especially attractive if in tfie evening when tho buildings aro A rido upon tho ferris wheel a a viow or mulway l'lulsunco, aro a fow things worth seeing, me, tho Pluisunco with its noisy , gives tho fuir un air of cheapness mmon-pluco-nosB which indopon- jienvof tho Pluisunco Ib entirely want ing. W.T.K. 1111 DRESS Si -JB1 Tho Higinbothum opisodo is thus dis cussed by a writer in Vogue, who is u bit late in coming to tho front: J'l am utterly at u loss to understund the rjdiculo thut lias been lavished upon Mir. fillginbothnm for having appeared in"evenlng dross at a ceremonious, and in' i'measurii ofncliil; luncheon parky given ut Chicago in honor of tho Span ish Infanta, somo few weeks ago. Al though Mr. Hlginbotham modestly dis claims any extensive knowledge of tho conventional laws of society, owing to his having spent his youth us n cowboy on tho plains, yet according to etiquette und usago on tno comment no was distinctly right in appearing thus gurbed ut tho entertainment, und those who uro so ready to smilo ut his "break" uro merely displaying thoir own ignoruneo ot tho requirements und customs pf court und olilciul lifo in tho old world. Tho luncheon ut which tills alleged solecism of Mr. Higinbothum took placo was ono undeniably an olilciul function, tendered to tho princess in her official capacity. In fuct, it wus expressly stipulated thut ull hospitalities offered to and uccoptod by tho Infanta ut Chi cago should bo regurded in thut light. This being tho caso it was Mr. Iligin bothum'B duty to uppcur in what tho French would cull tho habit do grundo ceremonio that is to say, it ho hud been un European olilciul ho would huvo ap peared in uniform, unless oxpressly re quested to do otherwise by tho Infanta or by her chamberlain. .Mr. Higin bothum not liaving u uniform, and tho evening dress being regurded at ull tho European courts us tno Americun equivalent to un olilciul uniform, Mr. Higinbothum was just as right to array himself therein us wus your ambassa dor, Mr. liayurd, who, on the occasion of tho Duke of York's wedding and ut tho breakfast that followed at Buckingham Place, appeared in full evening drct-s. Moreover, I havo attended court func tions at Vienna und Berlin which occur ied prior to.'l o'clock in tho ufternoon, and at which the American ciioh and diplomatic representatives wero always arrayed in evening dress with a whito tie. It is only a fow yea is sinco that the custom has been abandoned on the con tinenl of Europe ot making early in tho da ceremonial social culls in evening diess, and even to this day when uny great uouieinan in r runeo, .ustriu or Germany has occasion to pay sotuu ceremonial visit, such as, for instance, when asking tho parents ot his son's pioHpeotivu wife for their daughter's liuiul.hu invaiibly donB evening dress, and it was thuHiirrujed that the Due do NouiIIch, ono of tho grandest nobles in Euiope, a perfect typo of grand seign eur, and a man who is descended in a direct line from tho Crusader King of Term-idem, called before noon upon tho Dov.iiger Duchess of Luynes to request her permission to piesent an olfer of murnago from his son, tho Duo d'Ayon, to her daughter Volande." W. A. Collin A Co., grocers, UU South Eleventh street. lnsf Thi "1 art Wf nam exlit) tM Ilgtted affoMi when butio faklsj and'eo 6JPUE6T San Piianoisoo, August l. Special CouittKU CorreRK)iidence. Lieutenant Humphreys, formerly of tho United States military engineer corps, Is at the Occldontal on his way to Washington, Tho lieutenant has just returned front Central America, whero ho has been detailed for tho pant two years on it topographical Btirvey of tho several Central American republics, together with defining tho most feasible route for tho proposed railroad which Is to con nect tho United States, Mexico, Central America and tho lands of tho Southern Cross, "Tho expedition," said tho lieutenant) "wiib divided Into two parties. Tho ono to which I belonged wus given tho northern division, whilo tho other took all points south ot Panama. "Wo commenced ut a point on tho confines ot Mexico und Guatemala, culled Acquuhoctla, midway betweeii tho Pacific ocean and tho Quit of Hon durns, "Tho mountains of tho Guatemala aro principally cone shajied und run in no definite manner, so wo had only to shift nlong as best wo could keeping ua closely us possible to tho moro Inhabi ted portions of tho country, whilo at tho namo titno bearing In mind tho futuro development of tho less froquontod por tions. "Tho grndo for tho main part was easy, averaging from four to six and one. half feet to tho mile at tho highest, whilo In somo places thoro in nothing to bo dono but to lay down tho truck. Wo crossed tho Rio Dulc.o Bomowhero about fifteen degrees north nnd ninoty west, whoro somo stout bridging will huvo to bo dono, ub tho rivor rises us high un sixty feet in tho rainy season. NO HLOIMNO OimVKS. "Unlike our United StatcB railroads thoro is no necessity tor sloping curves in Guatemala, . The; soil ia ao firm t thai a straight cut is ull that' W necessary for all general purposes. Dipping slightly to tho west wocumo on Guatemala City, whoro wo wore treated royally by tho citizens ot thut progressive capital. Once moro diverging gradually east wo crossed into Honduras midway between GruciuB und Santa Barbara, utter which tho country became wilder und less in habited us wo progressed. "West of us luy San Snlvador, which is tho most thickly opu luted of ull tho Central Americun republics, having as muny us seventy persons to tho square mile. Wo could not, however, very woll leun towurd it, un it would necessi tate too much zigzugging in order to get into Nicaragua on tho custom slope of tho mountains, which hero rise to u con siderable ultitude. "After crossing several minor moun tain streams wu came successively to tho towns of Comuyuguu und Tegucigalpa tho lattor being a pluco ot 40,000 people, As ut Guatemala, wo wero well received there, nnd if wo uvuiled ourselves of hulf tho invitations tondored us wo might bo thoro yet. Leaving Teguci galpa wo crossed tho Cholutccu river within thirty miles ot Ocetnl on tho Nicaruguun frontier, whero there is very much of a grade, owing to tho sharp spurs which run oust from the main ridge. Tho Cocob river wus tho noxt important thing which crossed our path. From being a tiny rivulet in summer it swells to u roaring torrent in winter, und carries along rocks, trees, debris, and occasionally a native hut by way of change. Matagalpu, tho scene of tho Into unpleasantness botween ex-President Sucasa und his revolutionary subjects, wus next in lino. Here was ex perienced somo ot the most difficult work of tho whoio survey. After thoroughly exploring the eastern range wo found it impossible to find a way out ox:cpt by hugging tho eastern shore, whero a living being can scarcely exist, owing to tho prevalence of mosquitoes nnil centipeds. Thoy uctuully put our party to flight on several occasions. WIIK.UK TIIK IIOA TlllilVKS. "Here is tho home of tho constrictor und the iguana, the latter being some times found an long as twelve or four teen feet. The country is low lying and sickly, and with tho exceptionof a fow bands of u.tivo Indians it seems wholly deserted. "Retracing our way wo bent towurd Leon, tho second largest town in Nica ragua, whero the heat is so oppressive that wo wero glad to got out of there at tho first opjxirtunity. Leaving Leon we skirted Lake Managua on tho west, where tho grade was almost even until wo reached Managua, tho capital city of tho republic ot Nicaragua, "From un engineering point of view tho route eust ot Luke Nicuruguu is fur tho most preferable, hut owing to tk narrow limits of tho valley tholwoon tk lake and the mountains, It would boot no possible use from a commercial stand point. Wo took considerable pains t look over tho canal route, and caino to tho sclentlllu conclusion that with slit or eight locks the flow ot the current can bo regulated to all roqtilroinontk throughout thn entire length, The. currents seem to set from tho Paclflo side, and become stronger during th' rainy season owing to tho lmuiomJ bodies of water which find their way Into tho lake. "Thorn will necessarily Ikj congaler ablo hrldgo and trestle work in tht vlclnlty.but not of a nature requiring any oxtropio feats ot railroad engineer Ing, INTO OOHTA ItlOA. "From Nicaragua wo crossed into Costa Rica, which wo cut In two, until wo reached Ban Joso, tho capital, which is ouo of tho prettiest littlo cities in all , Central America. With tho exception of it couplo of big cuts tho way wan oasy and safe throughout thin ontiro section. Tho natives In tho country district troatod us most courteously and msdo If nn pleasant for un as uirotimstaucea per nilttod. "At host, however, surveying in those, countries is something not to bo envied by tho average American citizen. Frofo Sun Joso wo kopt to tho westward ot th mountain until wo roachod Burlca, on tho Panama frontier, whoro ull truces of civilization Boomed to desert un, arid thonco on wo had to trust to our rlfto and providonco for tho noccssnrlos ot life. Provisions could not bo kept fresh by any moans, no as wo wero toward tho ond of our undertaking, wo coat looso und trusted to luck und ingenuity to curry tin through. Santiago lay dirootly in our path. Thoro wo found! tho population principally composed bt Indluns who could not .undorstund by nny moans what now-funglod tricks we wero up to. Soon after wo struck the Gulf ot Panama' around tho horao-ahee) curvo, ot which we tollod until wo cask to the deadly .Chagree river, which rtae to a height of 100 feet in the ratay nun, "j.ne" mountains i' niCHrafria narrow down to a sharp ridgo, so that wo had to keep a reason ablo distaaca botwoon thorn and tho shoro all the way Talk about your ruins, ancient and modorn, but tho wreck of tho Panama canal, such as it is, beggars ull posaibla description. Tho vegetation hero in so active us to havo completely covored uy three-rourtliB of the entiro displMO ment. Tho soil in so treacherously un stable in this vicinity that wo found that thcro would havo to bo consider able piling in order to mako a solid roadway, und togothor with tho chango ublo nature of tho river bed this will bo tho most difficult part ot tho ontiro. route. Hero wo mot tho other division coming north, so thorcforo our part ot tho Burvoy ondod." Tho lioutonnnt lias n great many trophies with him and uvuBt quantity ot curios of tho different pluces of noto through which ho passed. His mupa and vIowb being virtually tho exclusive) property of tho United States gowrn ment, ho is chary about giving informo. tion about them. Ho will puss through hero aguin in Octobor on his way to Japan, whero, with several othor members of tho corps ho is to make a comploto mineral and tojogruphical survey of that country in tho interests of tho Japuncso govern ment. Tho undertaking will, ho con jectures, tuko ull of three yearn to com plete. A NEW PAPER. 1.(2. P. Illlili-rliriuul l.uu iii-Im-h it Nov Croft on lht Troiittlt-il Sni of .NiKniii-riliiiii. Tho latest Lincoln publication to bid forjiopulurfiimois tho Vcntern lm'Mar, issued monthly by J. G. P. Hilderbrund. As its name implies, this now paper is to a certain extent a class publication. It is devoted to tho flniinclul interests,oC tho stuto, containing information for tho bunkers and inventors. The first num ber contains much that is of genuine in terest, and reflects credit upon tho editor, who is a gentleman ot wido ex perience in business atfuirs. There ia clearly u field for tho Western Investor, und Mr. Hildebrand'n paper deserves to succeed. -1 Hull's Hair Renower is pronounced tho best preparation mudo for thickening; the growth of hair, and restoring that which is. gray to its originul color, June tho caterer, Thirteenth and O streets is anxious to servo ull parties, picnics and festivals with ice cream ices, cakes, etc., and will uppreciuto it call from ull intending entertainers. For Sunday dinner supplies call at Halter's market, opposito LiuiBing Thoa tcr. mono iuu. Something good, "Whito Louf Flour' ilAO per suck. Miller & Gilford. : H J v 'j "M n iH 'A A t 1 '" K '-! ,M J Jt. m xtfWmitffitiui riv .itfittiiret'ft- , ,.4iu.WW,. . ..Adaate JlLK bibi rmUTM f T.mBTL-ltR