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HISTORY
. j li"i!"'M U n,.$ ",l l,aok ,n 'r common
tndfclh ;iool, ti Mil t cvttciJetnytnilcoll2 -
(.1 o. e. visiii u. t, ;..,... 11..,, u..ki?....
"Itl mil th.l Ij.rlie hlehly and ctnnol .rtoiij
JJllI'!," ' A H' WINSIIII-. ifdHof juutntl ol I a".
A uufgl. iIrwIf tad hlghln puMlciilon. I im
much turn fa -hh ih Ttii.lr ol taliil lnl.m.il,,n iihiiuh,
bCliUKMAN.ComellUn Terilly, Itlwt, N. V.
nottri
'iiium.
....111! nl.ka at. . i ' " . . . . " "
..l V. VI JC!. '' .tol" iuuij voluint 1.
niii. nn
cunncNT history,
DETROIT, MICH., U. . a.
0MmMri0
THEY KILL WITCHES.
CATTARAUGUS INDIANS NOT FREE
FROM SUPER9TITION.
Thry Are 1'retty Nriirly fit lltii-il, How
Tr, a a Visit to the ltrix-rvutlon
Show Thrjr Have (lood Rchouls and
rrofct.loniit "IVnrrnmkerii."
ISpcelnl CorrcsKHHleticc.)
Vr.11sAiu.1a'. N. Y., .Intl. 5. Most In
torcBtlng hniipt'tilngs wcro taking placo
ntnong tlio InMHtois lndiutiH of Now York
about n century ago. A prophet hud
nrlseti ntnong them IIiuuIhoiiio Lnko by
nnine, nml 0110 of tlio Somni trlbo who
proncltetl with soul Mlrrlng oratory of
what thoy woro nml what they ahotilil
bo nml do.
Ho had lain for n longtime in 11 trnnco.
Bo ho told them, and lnul vicious from
tlioOratt Spirit. In which all wiih roveale.1
to him.
Illi teaching was it strango medley of
rhl pagan belief nml tlio precept h of tlio
JesultH anil the lesnotiH of the Dililo. He
taught that good lives must bo lived on
this earth if hnpplness is to bo expect tl
in tho futttro. Thoso who were liad in
this world wero to bo punished in tho
next by conditions similar in spirit to
thoso of their evil lives hero. For ex
ample, 11 drunkard was throughout eter
nity to bo forced to drink boiling liquor
from a redhot caldron handed him by
a devil who constantly tells him that
having loved liquor so much in tho past
ho must not do without it now.
.J
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P0DND1N0 COHN ON THE CATTAItAUai'B
RE8KIIVATI0N.
In tho futuro nbotlo of tho good every
tnnn was to bo physically perfect and
enjoy forever pleasant games, exciting
hunts nnd happy times. Ho taught that
tho white man went to a placo of per
pctual evil of misery unspeakable and
tnnt every converted Indian would go
there too.
His teachings wero enthusiastically re
ceived. The mass of tho Iroquois trilies-
men believed him. Thoy enrolled them
solves as followers, discarding not only J
tho teachings of tho missionaries, but
nlso ancient nnd tuno honored beliefs of .
thoir own nncestors.
And even now many of tho Indinns,
and particularly tho Sonecas, hold quiet
ly to what ho taught, nnd nmong theso
aro not n few who nro nominally Chris
tians. Remnants of absolute paganism
still survive, too, among tho Senecas, and
In tho Cattaraugus reservation there is
a very common belief in witchcraft.
An old woman was but a fow months
since murdered there, nnd n Bcnrchimr
Investigation on tho part of tho United
States authorities disclosed tho fact that
sho was killed becauso of being n dan
gerous witch, who by her malign inllu
enco caused sickness nnd disaster.
Her funeral, too, was conducted with
striking ceremonies, tho Indians burying
her In accordance with ancient savage
rites. Food was laid out to sustain her
during her weary journey to tho land of
spirits. Bright lights wero burned to
dispel tho darkness from tho gloomy
path. Thero wero moccasins to keep her
foot from bruising. Thero was clothing
to keep her warm.
This case, however, was very unusunl,
as tho pagan beliefs nnd customs aro in
general kopt out of sight.
Tho Cattaraugus reservation is mostly
in Erie county. It extends for some
twelve miles along both sides of Cat
taraugus creek, contains n littlo over
20,000 ncres, and bus a population of
about 1 ,500, mostly Scuecas, with u
sprinkling of Cayugas and Onondagas,
Although paganism still has such root
among them, it has not prevented them
from becoming quito fairly advanced in
agriculture, and many of the Indian
farms aro quito well cultivated. The ,
land, indeed, is very much better
fanned nnd worked than that of tho Al
leghany reservation, altiiougn mat res
ervatlon is also of tho Seneca tribo.
Both reservations are owned by the
Seneca Nation as a body, and all the land
is held in common. There is no indi
vidual ownership.
Individual Indians obtain tho right to
work and occupy certain portions, and
aro allowed to dispose of tho right to
others.
Tho presiding officers of tho nation
aro president, clerk and treasurer, and
in addition to theso thero aro upon each
reservation eight councilors, a marshal,
an overseer of tho poor and three peace
makers, all holding ofllco for ono year,
except tho peacemakers, who hold for
three. Noto the word "peacemakers."
Has it not an odd and agrceablo sound
as compared with general beliefs regard
ing Indian character?
The homes, as a rule, aro fairly well
mado and comfortable, but somehow
there is always about tho doorway of
even the best Indian homes an intangi
ble something which spoils the general
effect and gives an air of griminess and
niusiness to tho whole.
Public schools nro kept tip by tho gov
ernment, and although there is no com
pulsory attendance, and therefore con
siderable laxity regarding regularity,
there is yet a fair number present on
each day.
Wo stepjied one day into ono of tho
littlo school buildings white and ono
story, with n littlo boll in a littlo belfry
on top and found tlio class engaged in
a geography recitation. The way in
which tho littlo children answered re
garding rivers and cities and state boun
daries was pleasant indeed,
Thero Is upon this reservation a line
bo.irdiiuc school for Indian children. It
--" ".I.i." vi.
r K "r
- ' 1 m : "j r " , " , '
was endowed try n privnto individual',
nnd is nlso Hliernlly aupporletl by the
Btate, which allows $1(0 for tho annua)
maintenance of ench jiupil, besides pro
viding for the salaries of tho teachers.
Tho nursery children, pretty little bits
of humanity who could scarcely more
than toddlo about, quaintly sang their
littpo songs for u, amT the older scholars
recited their lessons In a way to do credit
to any school of whites.
There was something strango in hear
ing them answer questions regarding tfc
discovery of America nml tho ilrst ex
plorations, nml wo wondered If liehiud
thoso dark and impassive faces there
were not thoughts which if uttered
would surprise thoso who renlly believe
that it was white jieoplo who discovered
and explored this land.
There are still among these Indians
many names which are reminders of an
cient times. There are Hltte Sky and
Red Cloud: there aro Half Town and
Silver Heels and Red I'yesl
The general typo of face Is with high
cheek bout's, tho lower pint of the face
broad, the mouth piojecting. Tho noao
is either hooked or the opposite extreme,
running up at tlio very end. There is
quite a variety of shades of copper color,
and some faces aro very dark.
The men are quite broad at the hipn.
Tho women aro in general extremely
well formed. Many of the Indian girls
are soft voiced, soft eyed and really beau
tiful, lioys and men have a calm and
quiet expression, typical of steadiness of
purpose nnd self command.
Tlio people aro in some of their ways
old fashioned indeed. Ono fanner
whom wo noticed was plowing his field
with a yoke of white oxen, and not 11 few
of tho families use the ancient type of
mortar and pestle for jionndlng corn.
"And do you, too, use the wooden mor
tar?" wo asked of an intelligent trilies
nian. "No," ho replied, with a quizzical
glanco nt his smiling wife. "No, but
she keeps wanting mo to make one,
though: says she'd much rather have it!"
There is much modem life as well.
Tinware is plenty. Stoves aro common.
Some of tho homes aro constructed with
quito an effort after effect, and have bay
windows nnd comfortablo jwrches.
Splendid flowers are cultivated mag
nificent peonies, Fine lilacs and tulips,
beautiful snowballs.
Many families keep ono or moro pigs,
nnd pork and beans is a most highly rel
ished dish among tho entire commun
ity. Tho Indians nro never taken aback by
strango visitors. They novcr receivo
them with lack of politeness, no matter
how unexpected may bo their call. They
meet them with stntely courtesy nnd a
demeanor nt once pleasant and com
posed, nnd whether their homes nro tho
clnho;uto oneB of tho 8U(.CCBHfui flinilWi
or tho , romn , hut9 of tho
-i ,i, , ,1 i,
frwfr.w tail; vi.ov .till, bum iviij lug ,iiu
samo.
Tho Cattaraugus is a fino stream, somo
000 feet in width, flowing on through nn
attractive vnlley, bordered by lovel
plains nnd gentle hills and easy slopes.
A pleasant country it is for the Indian,
and littlo disturbed by tourists or seek
ers af ter curiosity, nnd so long ns the
reservation system remains in force it is
to bo hoped that tho Cattaraugus peo
plo will bo nllowed to quietly remain
thoro. Roman1 SiiACKi.r.TON, J n.
KEARNY'S CALIFORNIA HOME.
The Old Adobo IIullilltiK Still Sti.mU In
Nonouin.
IRlH-cIal CorreKponrioncc
Sonoma, Dec. 31. In tho early dnys of
his military career General Philip Kear
ny was n property holder nnd resident
in tho Sonoma valley.
His residenco was a low walled ado1o
building with atilo roof, fronting on tho
plaza in tho town of Sonoma. Tho build-
1 ing was of ancient origin, it having been
built by tho early missionaries from
Mexico.
Sinco tho days of 1848 Sonoma has
prospered. Its Spanish popula'ion hai
been crowded aside by Americans, who
have torn down tho old landmarks to
mako room for buildings of modern pat
tern. In this work of destruction tho whilom
residenco of tho renowned soldier has
been carefully preserved. The owner,
an American of tho uamo of Lndd, has
refused repeatedly to sell tho property
for fear that the building would bo de
stroyed. It stands nt tho corner of Spain street
nnd Third avenue, and has become ex
ceedingly valuable in consequence of the
improvements going on around it.
I'HIL KEAIINY'B HOUSE.
In 1883 the building was taken possc
8ion of by General Mariano G. Vallejo,
who was at that time militnry governor
of upper California. It was tho residenco
of a member of his staff.
Kearny sold the property to Ladd,
who subsequently rented it to a painter
as a storehouse for his painting material,
and for that purpose it is used now.
On tlio roof of this building are splen
didly preserved tiles of red clay. Theso
tiles aro valued very highly by artists,
who paint on them and then advertising
them as being of great valuo as histor
ical curiosities sell them nt a high figure.
It requires the utmost vigilance on tho
part of tho police and the owner of tho
property to protect this roof from the
thieving flngors of the Spaniards, who
sell then to the artistsandcurioseekers.
Tho story is told by the old residents
of Sonoma that General Kearny bought
tho property of General Vallejo in 1R17
for f.Ti, and thnt ho sold it to Lndd for
$150. In those days property was not
rateil very high in Sonoma. Today t'n
building and tho lot on which it stand
wonld readily sell fur ij"iO,(KH).
H. A. TilAMi'jt.
riwcltliitf Vord.
William Witt when a jniiiig man wroto
Afart'o In whldi themoit eiutticul Inujcrs
of Virgin ntointtndtui'd and their peeul
larltli's humorously exnggeiutcd. Among
them was one who had been minister to
England and was remarkable for using
welling words.
He Is represented as conducting a cause
in tho county eouit.iuul In asking the clerk
to call sonuunio into coirt, thus addresses
him:
"Mr. Jones, have the benignity to vocif
erate Peter .lolley into court."
The clerk culled out, "Vociferate P. Job
ley Come into court)"
While examining it toqunclous female
witness the law J er loses his patleiieu and
exclaims;
"This woman ought to bu deposited Into
taciturnity!"
"You may go tit Tims Eternity jnitrself,
but 1 leckon jou'll have none of my com
pany, sir!" tvtoited tho angry woman.
Youth's Companion.
Trout T.111 Not.
1
.y-Vr- 'v.
M-irr',J
'T..4-'
Alice Oh, Billy! I didn't think It ol
you walkln with another girl after what
you said to 1110 jcstcnlay.
Hilly I've had a nmulslnn o' feelln since
then in favor of liroonets yesterday was 11
blond day with me. Life.
I'nrrly 11 Mutter of llunlncmi.
"This Is the ofllco of The Teiuperanro
Throhhcr, Isn't It?" briskly liiqulml a
nervous looking tnau, who went into nn
olllcu in a tall building on La Salle street
yesterday afternoon with a small memo
randum book in Ids hand and his arms full
of bundles.
"Yes, sir," answered thu joiiug woman at
the desk.
"What's the subscription price?"
"One dollar a year,"
"That's right," ho said, after putting
down his bundle!, and referring to his
memorandum book a moment. "Dollnr a
year's right. Send a copy to Orton O. Ilet
tor, 0,427 Sliortall uvenue. Here's your
money. Check!"
And ho mnde a mark In a little liook.
The young woman wrote down the nd
dress and gave him a receipt forthe money
"Therel" he exclaimed, referring once
more to his memorandum. "I beliute that
finishes tho wholo bus no, there's one
thing more I'vo get to gut. 'Half plot best
Holland gin.' Know of any place near hero
where I am gut half a pint of good Hol
land" "Sir!"
"I say do you know of nny placo where 1
can get a half pint of good Hoi"
"Sir."
"Know of any place where I can get but
never mind. I can probably And one 011 thu
way to thu depot. Afternoon."
And tlio busy, hurried, overdriven cltl.en
from the suburbs pocketed Ids memoran
dum book, picket! up his bundles, and
bustled out of tho ofllco totally unconscious
that ho had done aught to offend tho most
fastidious. Chicago Tribune.
Must He an Intruder.
It must have been hard on midnight when
ho awoke with a start and perceived In the
light of tho nascent moon a dim form hov
ering about the chnlr where ho had loft his
trousers.
He reflected for somo minutes In silence.
Then he leaped from his couch.
"My dunr"
He was whispering hoarsely.
"aro you therel'"
no leaned anxiously over tho bed. There
lay his beloved wlfo sweetly sleeping.
"Strango."
Musing thus n sudden thought camo to
him.
Ho strode to the stairway.
"Mary." he called, "are you in your
roomf"
Tho voice of tho h' isl idrl was wafted to
htm In assent. I
"Then" '
Thero was tho firmness of conviction in
his tone 1
"it must lie somebody who has no
business going through my pockets." '
Whereat lie II red four shots nt tlio dim '
form and frightened It away. Detroit l
Tribune.
Ton Agri-mlilo.
At a time when the Irish situation seemed '
critical to tho olUelalsnt Dublin in lSl or
1SS2 a certain Llbetal peer was delegated to ,
go to Hawarden and consult w ltd Oladstone.
Upon his return his friends received him
with eagerness. "Well, what did he say.
What policy did he recommend!1" The
peer blushed slightly, hesltatid a moment,
and then mildly remaiked, "Well, to tell
tho truth, the fellow was so wonderfully
agreeable that we never got on to tho sub
lect of Ireland at all." Argonaut.
I .- A
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ill
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two of these Spoons. We give either one
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dition put on the price of The Courier,
which is 82.00 per year, being 25c to de
fray express charges.
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The Y. P. S. C. E. Souvenir Spoon.
The Epworth League " "
The Washington " "
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Also Souvenirs of America's national
points of interest, viz: Bunker Hill, Ni
agara Falls, America, The United States,
and Rip Van Winkle on the Catskill
Mountains.
These Spoons are not cheap, trashy af
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