CAPITAL CITY COURIER, SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1890 ') St ACUIUOUSOIiDVOMJMK. THE THIRD LCTTCR OF THE EX PLORER AMERICUS VESPUCCIUS. H Itnil.Mihlr.llj V I In. 1'rnrtlrnl III. rnvrrrr of Mil Ciinllnriil, mill III llmik In (if Itilrrrat Now lluil IIki Dlniutrrlra f CiilttiilliiU Ar In lit CrlHllilti',1. Svll LVirnwinili'iict' ) Nkw Youk, .Inn, 10. That the ureal eontluciit of North Aini'tlcn, or rather lwlli tin' eoullniMit.i, wero iliNi'nviTi'il liy Alborleo VoMiiiK'i'iiiN, or, its lit' In Ix'ttor known, Aintrli'UK ViHitii'fiiM. In now nil nckunwIi'ilKcd fact. Howmniiii Italian Kvntlt'innii of li kIi ciliicutlon anil ailvcn turotiHHplrlt.whoatiin early iik I'l'idiii'd n iciinincnitlvo ooinnierolnl poHitlon In order to gratify bin timtc for traxcl anil excitement. Of 1 1 Ih life wo know lull little. It I urn lieon found that In MIX) liu wiin a Ntmlt'iit of IiIkIi proiiilco In rioronoo. In HOJl lio cniuo to Spain an n commercial rnprcHentallvu of lilt coiihIii, Ihx'omxo l'lotro Frnni'lHco do Medici, wIhmo family wax woilil re nowned. Liter tin ho entered tho sorv ico of tin) kilt); of I'orttiKul. Hlbcrfc tKfpued'laurctfoJ&V' fhm4lM4 Tlti: TITI.K I'AdlC. Ho tnnilu at leam four u;roat trannnt lnntlc voyages (luring bin earner In Spain anil Portugal. Of tho llrst two nothing Ih h'ft hut henrnny, excepting dates anil iinuicn. Tho Hint Ik'kmi Mny 20, 1 107, or Mav 10, 1107, or May SO, MOO, nail wns ml del taken for thu king of Spain. Thu hccoihI was started undor the Kiiuu uimplceH on or about May 10, 1 107, from tho inn t of Cnilir.. In thcuo ho probahly discovered Culm and tho larger Men of tho West Indies. Ills third, and tho ono on which his fnmo will ever rest, was undertaken for tho king of Portugal, nnd started from UsIkiii on May 14, 1C01, It consumed sixteen months, during which tlmo Vea imcchiB gathered n vast ntnouiit of in formation, and, it must bo added, iuIhIii formation. Shortly after his return to Portugal lie wrote thu celebrated letter, of vii,''j portions arc given Ujlown.,,!, una novcr uoioro iM-publWl0ll j En. gllsh. Jli9riKTnal is lost. At thu tlmo "iiu wrote it ho had It translated from Italian, which ho Bpoke, to Lntln, tho literary language of tho world at that tlmo. Within u few weeks after its re ception by Lorenzo du Medici, it was Riven to Jolmu Lambert, thu greatest Illuminator, engrosser and printer of his age, for reproduction nnd preservation. How many copied wero uimlo is un known. Thcro art) two or threo In this country, nnd less than n dozen in Europe. Tho finest ono extant is that owned by Edmund A. ttouiivcnturo, a famous bibliophile of New York city, from which the illustrations nro taken. Thu leaves of tho manuscript aro of thu heaviest luirohmeut, and thu colors aro as brilliant today as when llrst applied by thu brush. Another but much jioorcr copy, recently sold at Frnnkfort-on-the-Mnin, brought $300. Tho book opens 'with nn illuminated title. jingo in gold, ultramarine, and scar let, of which thu following picture may give a fair idea. Then follow nlno pages of closely writ ten matter, in which thu queer Latin of the Sixteenth century is made half unin telligible by senseless contractions, nb bruvlatlons mid nrbltrary symbols. Thu dilllculty encountered in reading this old black letter cannot be appreciated by any one unless lie tries to decipher tho pages. At tho close, of tho letter is wlint is called a tail piece, n symlolic design which, whllo it may liavu conveyed a clear idea to its maker, is more than in comprehensible today. So far as tho story is concerned let Alberico Vespuo cius speak for himself: In former days it was my fortune to write unto theo fully concerning my re turn from those regions which with tho llect, nnd by thu suggestion and com mand of Ida most sereno majesty tho king of Portugal, wo havo sought out and discovered. These regions it is al lowable to stylo tho Now World. SInco among our ancestors there was no knowl edge concerning thoso things, thu matter will provo most novel to all who hear it. For this thing dilTers f roin tho opinion of our antiquaries, since thu greater part of them declare that beyond thu equinoc tial lino (equator) and toward tho south there is no continent, but a sea as largo as that which thoy havo termed tho At lantic, nnd if any of them have admitted that a continent is there, they have de nied for many reasons that tho laud is habitable. Hut my last voyago has shown that this opinion of theirs is fnlso and altogether contrary to truth, since In thoso parts towards thu south I havo found n continent inhabited witli moro numerous itooplcsaud animals than is Europe, Asia, or Africa, ami moreover nn atmospheru milder nnd moro ngreeablo tliar in any other region known by us, asvouwill pcrcoivo later on, whero wo describe tho chief points. Tho matters moro woithy of notice and memory which wero seen or heard by mo in this new world will nppei below, On thu 1-ltli day of o mouth of May, In the year 1501, wo 'parted from Lis bon by tho command of tho king with threo ships on un auspicious voyage la order to discover tho now lands towarda 'i.)f iK Of.VnXa.eV) IflWl J JtXY H WwMhS thu west, Wo Railed towards thu south, thu courso of which voyage wns ns fol lowsi Our courso lay through thu Fortunate Islands, as they wero formerly called, hut now nro styled thu Groat Canary Islands, which are In the third climate ami on thu confines of tho Inhabited west. Thenco through the (K'ean, wo skirted thu whole shore of Africa and n part of F.thioplu, an far as thu Ethiopian promontory, ns It Is culled by Ptolemy, hut by us Capo Verdu, and from Kthiopla and tho Man dliigha laud it dog. within the ton id .one from the equinoctial line (equator) toward tho north, whli'h legion Ih Inhabited by black riu'CH. Them, our strength being refreshed, and with necessarleM for our voyage, wo raised anchor, spread our kiiIIh to thu wind, ami dlrectlngourcourso through tho vast ocean for u short dis tance tnwnnl tho Antarctic olo, wo then Im'IiI our courso to thu westward through thu wind which Ih called thu Vultiirnus (southeast wind), ami from thu day on which wo departed from the iiImivo men tioned promontory wo sailed forthospaco of two mouths and threo days lief ore any laud appeared, hut In thu vastness of tho sea what wosulTiired, what perils of ship wreck, what torments of loily wo sus tained, and under what anxieties of mind we luhored, I leave to tho Imagina tion of those who through oxcrlcucoof many nlTalrs can last understand what it Is to seek out uncertain things and I n vest Iga to things of which thoy may Ih Ignorant. That you may un derstand everything In a word, know that out of sIxty-Hoven days in which wo Hailed, wo had forty-four continuous ilays of rain, thunder and lightning, ilajs so dark that wo could neither see the sun by day nor n sereno sky at night. From which it happened that ho great fear ciituo uioii us that wo had al ready cast aside all hope of life. Hut in these ho many nnd ho great tompests of thu sea nnd of tho sky, It pleased thu Most High to show unto us the conti nent, tho new regions, nnd tho unknown world. Which things being seen wo were lllled with im great joy as It Is pos sible to bo conceived by those who, out of various calamities and adverse fort une, havo obtained safety. Hut on tho 7th day of August, in thu year 1501, wo cast anchor on tho shores of those re gions, giving thanks unto our Cod with solemn supplications and with thu cele bration of a mass. Thero wo recognized tho laud to Ihi not an island, hut a conti nent, because it stretched out with very long coasts not to Imj circumnavigated, ami is lllled up with numberless inhab itants. For on this continent wo discov ered Innumerable races mid peoples, mid nil tho species of forest animals which nro found in our regions, and many other species never seen by us boforo, concern ing which it would Ih) a long story for mo to describe individually. Many things thu inoroy of Oodjo. plied unto us when wgoij;, tno, regions, for waterjuj-J-wootl mi ttiUci ii8,J?i!ii w" wero ablo to preserve our ''vert"o!i tho Bea only n fow days more. To Himself bo the honor nnd glory nnd tho exerciso of His grace. Wo adopted tho plan of sailing nlong tho shore of this continent toward thu eastward, without leaving thu sight of laud, and afterwards wo ran along this shore to n point whero wo came to an angle when tho coast made a turn to thu south, mid from that place where wo first touched land up to this angle there was a distance of about 1)00 leagues. In thu sjiacu of this voyago wo several times descended to tho land nnd con versed in a friendly manner with that people, as you shall hear below. I had forgotten to write that from tho promontory at Capo Verde up to the commencement of this continent, thero are about 700 leagues, mid I should esti mate that we had sailed moro than 1,800 leagues, partly on account of the admi ral's ignorance of the place mid partly by tho tempests and winds, which im peded our direct courso and drove us into frequent deviations. Hut If my com panions had not turned to me, who un derstood cosmography (there was no ad miral or commander of our voyage who know within 500 leagues whero wo were), wo wero lost and wandering; moreover, the instruments only showed accurately the elevation of tho heavenly bodies, mid these were the quadrant mid tho astrola be, as all wero aware. I lenco afterwards thoy all Iwstowed upon mo much honor; for I showed unto them that without n uiariuu chart, in the science of naviga tion I was more skillful than all tho ad mirals in tho world. For these admirals have no knowledgo except of those places which they havo visited frequent ly in their voyages. . :.. -v wv3.. r: Mm 4 4 ir I .r-"i TtlK TAIL 1'IUCE. Dut whoro tho above mentioned nnglo of tho laud showed to us a turning of the Bhoro toward tho south, we agreed to Ball beyond it, and scarcii out what might bo iu thoso regions. Wo pro ceeded along tho coast about six hundred leagues, ami often disembarked on the land nnd talked mid conversed with thu inhabitants of those regions, and by them wore rec iveil kindly, ami by them selves, whenever we would remain fifteen or twenty days together, wero amicably and hospitably entertained, aa you will learn below. A part of tliis now continent is in tho torrid zone, beyond the equinoctial lino (equator) toward the antarctic iolo, for thu head of it begins iu tho eighth degree beyond the equinoctial lino (equator) itself. We sailed along bo much of this coast, that the tropic of Capricorn hav ing been passed, wo found the antarctic polo 50 degs. higher than their horizon, and we were near to tho antarctic circle, as far as tho latitude of 17J degs., and what there I saw and learned concern ing the character, habits andtractabillty of those races, the fertility of the noil, the salubrlouHiiesH of tho nir, and the ar rangement of the heavenly bodies, and especially concerning thu fixed stars, and thu eight spheres never before been or considered by our ancestors, I will speak of later. SSRsfEPK . ..'i hi liiliinilililllllMIU'UIlftn'IIUiillill'lilliICIlCTaiiiii. First, then, ns to the peoples so far nn wo nniiii) upon the multitude of tho race in those regions so great that no man could count them, as we read in tho Aiocalypso, I call thu race gentlo mid (metallic. All members of lxth races approach each other linked mid covering no part of the hotly, and even ns they coinu Into tin' woilil ho do they go unto the time of their death. For they have large bodies with llgures square and shoulders well proportioned, nnd n color Isirtlerlug on redness, which I think happens to tlieiu because from going aUiut naked they are tunned with thuHiin. They lac thfc'k, black hair. In their gait, is)ieli!'ly In their sports, they are agile niitl ei sy, and of a comely countenance, which, however, they mar, for they pieice the cheekH, tho lips, the nose mid the ear; nor would you think these holes to bo small eras largo us they are. For I have seen some of them who hail in their face alone seven holes, tiny one of which was as large us a hiuiiII plum. They stop up these holes with pieces of crystul resilnbllng innrblo and lilts of alabaster, which picci'H nro very beautiful, nuil also with lilts of glitter ing white Ikiiio mid other substances, skillfully carved according to their cus tom. Hut If you could see anything ho Htriinge nnd monstrous a man, forsooth, having In Ids cheeks and in his lips seven stones, some of them half us long again as your hand, you would not ho without astonishment; for oftentimes have I considered and thought that seven such HtoucH would weigh sixteen ounces anil more. In each ear, pierced with three holes, they are accustomed to carry other iMjndaut stones in rings, mid this custom is peculiar to the men, for tho women do not perforate the face, hut only tho ears. They do not have garments or cloaks linen or silk because they are not necessary to them, nor do they possess Individual property, hut all things nro owned iu common. They live ut the same tlmo without a king, without a govern ment, and each man is u law unto him self. They havo as many wives ns they pleaso, nnd the son marries his mother, mid thu brother with his sister, and tho llrst man the llrst woman wherever ho meets her. Ah often ns they wish they break up their marriages, ami iu these matters observe no rule. Moreover, they havo no temple and no law, nor are thoy Idolaters. What can I say more? They live according to nature, nnd may he called epicureans rather than stoics. Among them there nro no traders nor Is thero any exchange of goods. Tho tribes carry on war among themselves without art or recognized rules. Tho elders in certain public assemblies of their own turn the young men to whatever courso thoy desire. They nro also eager for wars in which they JdlLrjJ; Sllu. filth cruelty, J'.r,t those whom they have mado Ctptivcs iu battle they preservo for kill ing, not for tlie sake of their lives, but for the puriHise of food. For sometimes one side nnd sometimes the other is vic torious, and cat up the vanquished, nnd among them human flesh is a common artlclo of food. Of this fact you may bo certain, bo cause already a father has been known to'ent up his sons and his wives', and I myself havo known and talked with u man whom they used to report had par taken of more than threo hundred human IxkIIcs; besides I spent twenty-Boven days in a certain town where I saw in the houses human tlcsh salted and hung from tho celling, just as it is the custom among us to hang bacon nnd pork. I Bay further, that thoy wonder why wo don't eat our enemies, mid do not use their tlcsh as food, which tlesh thoy de clare to bo most savory. The limitation of space compels tho cutting short of the letter at this point. Hut what an interesting story the Italian voyager tells! Even in its (plaint lan guage it reads as well as Stanley's latest letter upon Central Africa. It is but lit tle wonder that his admirers changed his name nnd called him Amerlcus rather than Albericus Vcspuccius iu honor of tho Now World ho had discovered. William E. S. Pales. Cliliu'so Literature. San Fuancisco, Jan. IU. Tito work of missionaries outside of their strictly re ligious Held has not received the atten tion it deserves. To them wo aro in debted for much valuable knowledge of wild countries, and still more for re ports on the religion, habits and philoso phy of other races. Especially is tills true of China, for there iu so little gen eral interest iu such matters that but for the missionaries we should have remain ed much longer iu ignorance of Chinese philosophy. Tho only foreigners making any effort to acquire the Chinese language are the missionaries, and it is duo to such men ns Williams and Leggo that the doctrines of Confucius mid the teachings of Budd hism havo been exhumed from their deep oblivion and sot up iu readable lan guage. It is hero, more than in any thing else, that the work of these men is manifest. Through years of ceaseless toil of Dr. Leggo, tho metaphysical and ethical writings of Menclus havo been placed alongside of Bacon and Plato and Moses. The literature of Buddhism likewise shows deep thought mid n&cctiu piety, and has marked tho founders and ex ponents of that ancient religion. (Jems of literature, poetry and proverbs havo lieon brought to light by tho researches of Christian scholars. Whllo the general inlluenco of Euro pean life has not tended to increase the respect of tho Chinoso for our alleged superior civilization and morality, yet it is true that the literary research of mis siouaiies has done much toward bring ing about a better understanding be tween tho two races, by giving to each, In their own language, the ideas mid purpines of the other. WiU'i increased shipping facilities and a cou-cquent increasing commerce iu China, nud with tho demoralizing and enervating effects of opium upon her people removed, there is yet hope for a brighter future for that queer old couu- I try. U. N. TON. g yr&.. . V?- VSVTfiK4. .' f f. -- mr-jftrmML zz-yw- Nn. 7:10. Uiltrr t'lirrtm. Kxtunplo: Whnt luttcr Micks lionoyf Answer! A II. 1. Wo nro fend of ' Iu uprlng. 2. Ooorgti Washington worn his linlr in n . 11. uiemii "all right." -1. Mnry of will call the cnttlo linuio. f. I wild to tho horxo. I). John wns n grent Matcsnmn. 7. How f (n eoiuiutiti Hnhitntloui. 8 An nhlirovlntlon, which mimvers to pur pose of tho Index N . II. Tim printer eagerly counts lilt V 1(1. Tho houso hns nil . 11. I will tnko tnliio 's In initio Inn. K. Wo will live for . lit. Tho tax on pirns nn Important pnrt In history. 1 1. Tho French word for "llfo" Is . 15. (Yninpi up. 1(1. Wo fneo murks with n ougo. 17. Is the sign of multiplication. 18. Happy Dutch umlduu of tho Kuyder 10, tree. iiO. 11 Tho dnr Is nn oruniuuntnl ovorgreeu Wo wish to ho thought V tho children crlod whllo nlnv- tug hlilo nnd seek. SSJ. , n fnmoiiK earl of thu rolgn of Queen Hess, No. 7.17. Cliiimilu. My llrst I not ovnl, lay llrst U not Rqunro, My llrst van lie never utilong; Jty second Is Homi'thliiK wo can't ito without, TIioiirIi often It lemleth lis wrongt My w holo im upholder of f reutlom wnt reckoned, And lived hi thotluyuof Charles Htimrt tho Second. No. 73H. An Knlcmu. I nm a wortl of four letters. Within mo tlntl: A ploeo of eutortnluiuuiit for man ami for lunst; a pronoun, n prcosltion, nn nli tiroviatlon for "that Is." nnd a German nont moaning "no." When you huvo found nn-, you will hnvon miiulier which nocrsonnor living will probnlily over ngnlii Iw nblo to omit from thu dnto of nuy documunt Nn. 7:il. A Kiiiullliir I'rnso Quotation. gte Si'ff T, OF EHOUtiO TMtfCB. -, hono I bought looked very nice, 710. Anagram. Ami SC?U!(l o-uoptl uo for tho nrlco; But when I found lio Kl!::,-,"" .'ttl, And was not snfo to drive or rldo; That ho was spavined and spring halt, Ami of crib biting had tho fault; That ho would kick nnd run nway, And never would tho rein oboy; That worse than all, ho wns stouo blind Without good will, I Bjioko my mind, And told tho man who sold tho bruto Ho was a fraud nnd cheat to boot. Ho only answered, "Do not fret, That Is a 'curious nag,' you hot." No. 741. Crossworil Knl;iun. In barn, not In fold; In given, not iu sold; Iu now, not in old; In buy, not hi tako; In hoe, not iu rako; Iu prison, not in jail; Iu work, not hi fall. My whole will a city unveil. No. 743. Wortl Squares. An anltnnl; solitary; inluuto opouiugs; sluggish; pauses. A bird; a noted gaucral of tho Hevolutlou; to look ut steadfastly; permission; to pono trato. No. 7t3. Conundrums. Why is a pig with a curly continuation liko tho ghost of Hnuilut's father) Why is tho root of tho tonguo liko n de tected criminal! When aro wo most likely to And thu sky bluuf H hut Instrument of war does an angry lover reseiubluf When aro culprits liko old books! When Is nn arm as long ns threo feet? How does tho most punctual wiyor incur debt? When can a man havo something and no thing in his ocket at tho saino time) Old hut Good. Beneath tho sun a creature once did dwell, As sacred writers uncontested toll. 'Twos In this world his mortal breath he drow, Vot novcr sinned nor moral ovll know; Ho novcr can bo raised from the. dead, Nor nt tho day of judgment show his head; Yot iu him was a soul that must Exist iu hell or dwell among tho just. Tho whalo that swallowed Jonah. Key to the l'tizzler. 723. Enigma A Llttlo Fairy: Tho road up to tho palnco Toward a thlmblo wends; Tho fulry anil her listers You'vo at your lingers' ends, 720.-A Cut Up Puwlo: No. Mb. No. 7:10. llohwidhigx 'rrnnpoed: A lidea-tfinU 0 ruml-diiru A bato-bent 8 mite-tliuo S-npl.l paid I uiiigo-gaiuo , ebra-lH'ur No. Tilt. A Charailoi Afternoon. No. T.U. Illiyinllig Numerical Kiiiauu: Heart, No. Til. A lliddlui A blioo. No. 7.11. An Allium iu Aiiagruuit Arma dillo. No. 733. Eiilfrinatlcal KUIics: Whiting; carp; ray; poll; piku; i;ud;tM)u; iwrch. 011 Vn CLOSING OUT SALE OF Pianos and Organs, We have decided to ship nothing to Omaha, and having some stock yet we will continue the sale until sold. We have some Upright Pianos, slightly damaged, that we can make you at a great bargain. Six second-hand Pianos at your own price. Good second-hand Organs at $35 to $50. C. M. IIan'ds, Manager, Steam and Hot Water Heating. F. A. Telephone Ei B. HIIvIv,o I.ATK OK 1IUOOKI.YN. N. Y.. 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