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CAPITAL CITY COURIER, SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1S89.
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FINE : ART : STUDIO;
1 314 O ulrctt
iSxmnlnc sample of our work before
ordering cWewhcre.
Cabinet Photograph
$3 per dozen
induced from $4 to
WAITED!
Everybody to examine the
plans and standing of the Un
ion Central Life Insurance
Company, of Cincinnati, Ohio,
before insuring. It has the
lowest continuous death rate
of any company. Realizes the
highest rate of interest on in
vested assets which enables it
to pay large dividends.
Policies incontestible a n d
non-forfeitablo after third year.
The Union Central issues
endowment policies at ordi
nary life rates; these policies
arc now maturing and being
paid in from one to two years
earlier than time estimated by
the company. They protect
the family and estate during
the younger years of life, and
the insured in old age at regu
lar life rates. Other desirable
policies issued. Call on us or
write for plans.
J. M, KDUISTOX, State Agtnt.
0. L, MKSUWlt, A$$l. Statt Aucnt.
a. T. VUMPRbLV, CUv Solicitor.
Room 2i llurr lllock,
LINCOLN, NED.
LADIES
d
Should cnll nn
sec our lood
nnd
Spring
Novelties
and Ornament
(or the head.
All the latest
shapes In Bang
Switches, etc.
1114 0 St.
I enn cheerfully recommen
Dr Beth Arnold' Cough
ffJTTTaj'nijh
Killer
ni brlncnnrst-olnss remedy
for Coucli nml Colil, linv
Incuse (lit In my own family
I with very grcaUathtactlon.
I U It. Dush, Dcs Molucs,
Iowa.
DcagRUU, ., C0e and J1.00.
HOTEL ORLEANS
ITUATCD ON
SOUTH SHORB
or
SpiPit-
Will bo under the personal upervlslon of
H, L. LELHND, and will bo open for tho
reception of rueata, Juno first In each year.
Visitors will find
THE ORLEANS
la firs t class in all of ita appointments, being;
well supplied with pas, hot and cold water
baths, electric bells an all modern im-
Brovatnsata, steam laundry, billiard hall
bowling; alley, etc., and positively free fro
ajuaoyaaea by mosquitoes.
Hound 'frip Excursion tf iclr,eti
will ba placed on sale at the commencement
of the tourist aeaaon by the Burlington.
Oadar Kapids eV Korthern Xallway and all
miBneftti glints, atlow rates, to the follow
lag; points la Iowa and Minnesota J Spirit
Lake, IowaiAlbert Lea,WaterrlUe, Xunn
apous, at. raui, Jaxe jBuanewmxa, wniio
Ber Lake and Duluth, Minnesota! Clear
take, Iowa; Lake Superior polnta; Yellow
test r ark ana points in ooioraao.
riu Har "A. Mldiiummsr
oioraao.
Par
mcliBe" to me ueasrai iicnei sou raw
rllKA
Bftar Aarent, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for
K&tlTaW to ft. U LwIanB. Spirit
LiIm, Iowa
C.J.IVES,
nw.M4etiart.
J. E. HANNEGAN,
n'l Tltitt u4 rM. IfMi
w
ON
tsEj
- Jn, T
gj fit ILf
AN ARTISTIC EVOLUTION.
THE SUNBEAM HARNESSED TO THE
PRINTINQ PRESS.
rVmril 1'npor Neuntlres The rather of
Modern l'rncllrnl I'liotournptiy -"Vet-einu"
Itoclic, n Tjplrnl IiiTfiitnr I'linlo.
Mcchnnlcnl Printing,
(Special Correiomlcnce.)
New Yonic, July 18. Tliogrcat defect
f M. Diiguorro'ij invention wns that the
Jiinges produced by It could not bo multi
plied except by repetition, nainnny times
os copies were desired, of tho costly mid
tedious original process. Tho fnct was
clearly npprchonded by sclentlllc nnd
prnctlcnl men thnt bo Imd but opened tho
way to n Held of Inllnlto possibilities. It
was not yet enough that tho sunbeam
should bo Imprisoned In tho camera; it
must bo harnessed to tho printing press.
A crcditnbto attempt In that direction
was inndo by Sir V. IL Orovo, who, not
long after tho Invention of tho daguor
rcotypo, discovered a means of etching
it In tho pinto, with acid, to nsuillclont
depth to cnnblo with very dellcnte tun
nlpulntlon pi intlng from It, but bis
process was merely nn ingenious nnd ex
pensive curiosity, u fulluro for nil prnc
tlcnl purposes. Tho stops wero slow by
which tho present perfection of the art
was reached.
Mungo Pa ton, In 1830, discovered the
sensitiveness of bbchromatn of potash to
light. In 1811, Fox-Talbot, of England,
did tho first real photography by what
ho denominated tho "ealotypo" process,
but in what would now seem n vory
crudo way. Ho mado his negatives upon
paper, which was subsequently waxed
nnd rubbed with n Hot iron to render It
semi-transparent. Then ho mado his
positives upon paper ovor which hnd
been floated albumen charged with
iodldo of silver. That process, or n vory
close approximation to It, by tho way, Is
still in tiso In Paris for tho making of
magic lantern "slides," nn nrt in which
wo now excel.
Louis Alphonso Polntovln In 1853
mado tho great Improvement of employ
ing for negatived plates of glass coated
with "gelatine or other organic matter
in combination with tho bi-chromnto of
potash or of ammonia." From this point
really have sprung all tho many Ingon
ious, and for their rcspectlvo usr.
enormously valuable, processes of pro
ducing photo-relief, photo-lithographic
and other (dates for various sorts of
printing. Volumes would bo required
to recapitulate tho Improvements nnd
variations that bavo been mado elnco
Pointevin's time in nil civilized coun
tries, but principally in tho United States
but nil rest directly upon his invention
as n base, nnd Poiutovin ns tho father of
modern photography is hardly less
worthy of honor in romembrnnco thnn
Daguerre. It is true that in 1817 Nlepco
dc St. Victor used Iodized albumen on
glass cnltlKcd with nitrato of silver
with fairly good results; also that Scott
Archer, of England, In 1831 brought col
lodionwhich had then rccontly beeu
invented for surgical uses by Lo Oroy
Into use, but neither of them reached tho
point of practicality attained by Polnto
vln with golatino. M. Pierre Ignaco
Alexis Gaudln lu 1833 introduced n col
lodion emulsion tho formula of which
did not get into general use, but nerved
as tho basis for n number of improve
ments a littlo later nnd was employed
for so vera I years thereafter. In 1801 ho
mado a golatino emulsion and called it
"photogono."
Not long after Pointevin's discovery
Paul Protsch, of Vienna, found that if
ho coated n pinto of glass with bichro
matlzed gelatine to a thickness threo or
four times as great as that employed by
Polntovln, nnd when It wns dry exposed
It In contact with a photographic live
negative, tho golatino whero tho light
acted upon it was rendered insolublo and
hard, while from tho other parts, whero
tho light bad not acted, the bl-chromato
could readily bo washed out, and tho
golatino thcro would absorb water and
swell up just in proportion as It had been
protected from tho light, giving a. per
fect matrix from which plaster casts or
electrotypes could bo made. So dclicato
but suro was tho action of tho light that
half tones wero preserved and tho repro
duction of accurate printed copies of the
original seemed to be, theoretically at
least, merely a matter of color nnd im
pression. In practice, however, it was
found that thcro was a great deal of im
provement still necessary beforo tho pro
cess could bo mado commercially valua
ble. Ono of tho moderately successful
methods tried was that of coating metal
flates with nspbaltum, which hardened
under tho light and could bo removed
readily by solvents from tho unexposed
parts, thus presenting a surfaco for etch
ing. Lined and stippled work could bo
well reproduced in that way, but tho
usefulness of tho process was limited.
Polntovln produced somo good work
by coating his glass plates thinly with
gclatiuo and printing from them as from
lithogrnphio stones, tho parts cxposod to
light taking Ink, whllo thoso not exposed
would absorb water nnd so repel tho ink.
Tliat method was greatly Improved by
Albert of Munich, mainly In tho inks
nnd rollers ho employed, howover, and
his process named after him Is still
tho most perfect for exceedingly flno
photo-mechanical work, but with th
drawback that it Is slow and costly.
Obcrncttcr and Edwards also mado Im
provements. when news of what was doing In this
direction abroad reached Now York,
Mr. T. 0, Roche familiarly, admiringly
and affectionately kuown to nearly overy
photographer in tho United Stated and
pretty much all over tho world as "tho
Veteran" and "Daddy Roche," sot to
work experimenting. IIo tried to get
somo such ink as was used abroad, and
tho prlco demanded for It was $43 per
pound, qulto beyond his moans. When
ho recovered his breath ho went away
and began at tho beginning by making
his own ink.
After a long series of experiments ho
settled upon copper plates as tho best for
the work, and at tho noxt convention of
photographers exhibited a pllo of photo
graphs printed from such plates, in such
perfect reproduction of siiMrb originals
produced by sun printing that their char
icter wnt not recognized until ho ex
plained It, Then It made n seiiivitlon.
IIo had U'aton F.urojMJ. Ills process Is
still used by the United States govern
ment mid by commercial houses who
own It In Ilonoti and Chicago, but, like
nil his numerous nnd Important inven
tions, It netted him senrcely niiything.
Tho great hearted nnd liberal firm of Ink
dealers, who charged him $18 cr imhiihI
for tho lniNrtiil Ink', ollcred him $03 for
the formula by which he produced totter
Inks than the Imported.
This matter of photo-iuechanicnl print
lug is, however, leading us nwny from
our historical resume of the progress of
development of photography as a plcturo
making art, Into what, though only ono
of tho branches of Its application, I"
nevertheless n very wido field. To re
turn to the main thread.
The collodion process hold Its own for
all photographic work ns Into ns 1871 nnd
Is still used with better results thnn nny
other for tho making of such solid black
and whito negatives asnrc used by photo
engravers, tin types, nnd certain other
speclflo applications, but in tho year men
tioned Dr. It. L. Maddox brought out In
England dry plates coated with golatino
combined with bromldo of silver. They
wero by no means perfect, but their de
sirability was at onco manifest and In
cited many oxiterlmentcrs to seek Im
provements upon them. Mr. Durgcss, of
Pcckhauit R. Kennett and Charles Den
nett tho latter as lato as 1870-80 mado
tho chief Improvements in tho direction
of increasing tho sonsHlvoncssof tho dry
plates, In which such success has been
eventually attained that now nn expos
ure for tho Infinitesimal part of n sec
ond is ns clTcctlvo ns thnt of half a min
ute wns less thnn n deendo ngo. Now
dry plates nro universally used for por
traiture, landscapes. "Instantaneous"
views, etc
When tho sensitiveness of tho dry
plates had been perfected In 1880, thoy
wero still dofectlvo In tho very Import
ant particular that they would not stand
tho heat of our climate. At n tempera
turo of 83 dogs, their golatino was liable
to "frill," "blister" and oven melt qulto
off the plate, so that It was necessary in
summer to keep them cool with ice. T.
C. Roche, after a long nnd disheartening
series of experiments, finally by sheer
nccldout hit upon a gclatlno coating that
could not bo melted otf with boiling
water or oven by tho heat of a Ouuscn
burner, nnd his discovery is in general
uso today, without any moro benefit to
him thnn any other of lib many Inven
tions from which others havo reaped
groat fortunes nnd ho nothing. About
tho Bjiino time thnt ho mado this Import
ant discovery, or perhaps n littlo before,
Mr. Rocho conceived tho idea of apply
ing to paper for contact printing or ex
posing In tho solar camera a golatino
emulsion similar to that employed in
coating tho dry plates. This was for en
largements for crayon work. Uo was so
successful that ho produced n paper so
sensitive that It could not bo used In the
solar camera, and had to bo worked by
artificial light to keep it under control.
Deforo a largo number of photographers
assembled in tho Cooper Institute he
mado pictures upon It by tho tlnsh of n
pinch of gun cotton. Tho English "pla
tiuotypo" papor, Invented by Mr. Willis,
was already in existence, nnd was ac
knowledged as giving very fine results,
but It was slow, required tho uso of the
solar camera (a very costly Instrument)
and could not to used on dull days. Mr.
Rocho's discovery did nway with the
solar camera altogether, and witli his
paper tho work of enlargement could bo
dono In a cellar by candlo light. The
ituiiortanco of It may easily bo Imagined.
Out that Invention, llko all tho rest, was
clutched from tho old man, who Is tho
typical Inventor par excellence In his
Inability to look out for his own interests.
T. C. Rocho has had moro valuable
patents in photography taken out In his
namo than any other man in tho United
States, and has freely given away more
discoveries than nny other. Indeed, it
would bo correct to say that ho has given
away all that his rare genius and ability
havo attained, nnd others havo become
wealthy on them whllo ho has grown
old and poor in all but tho regard in
which ho is hold by tho photographic
world.
It is worthy of mention ns n remarka
ble fact that In nil tho United States nnd
Great Dritaln not nn inch of paper is
mado fit for photographic uses. Tho
world's supply comes altogether from
Franco and Germany and commands a
high price. This is something for our
many American paper makers to chow
upon and roproach themselves for.
It Is not apparent why thoy should not
mako qulto as good a paper of auy spo
clflo kind ns can bo produced In Europe.
And another fact that goes with it is that
only tho finest French nnd Swiss gcla
tlno cnu bo used. Not an ounco that Is
suitable for tho uses of tho manufacturer
of photographic material is produced in
tho United States. Cannot eoiuo of tho
big barons of Slaughter, out in Chicago,
tako this hint for tho utilization in most
profitable fashion of material that thoy
have In excess and so start another "In
fant Industry" that will vory promptly
stand upon Its own feet?
It Is hardly worth whllo to moro titan
recall tho hordo of various "types" that
wero brought out In tho early days of
puotography. Pretty much overy able
photographer got up somo novelty of his
own under n peculiar namo, for which
ho, of course, claimed superiority over
all others, and very often the samo pro
cess had different names in different
cities.
Thus "ambrotypes," "Ivorytypes,"
"hallotypos," "melanlotypos," "ferro
types," etc., camo Into popular know
ledge. Thoy wero geuerally returns
from photography In tho direction of tho
daguorreotypo, in that thoy wero slngty
produced and not photographic prints
from negatives, and whllo tho processes
for their production differed in details,
tho general principle was tho samo, of
under developed negatives converted
into positives by opaque backing.
Tliero are now not less than 7,000 pro
fessional photographers in the United
States engaged in and dependent mainly
upon portrait taking as a business, This
is, Indeed, deemed n low estlmato by
some of tho dealers In supplies, who pre
sumably havo a right to n somewhat au
thoritative opinion. Then there are about
5,500 engaged In tho vnrlotis processes of
photo-mechanical printing, or tho prep
aration of plates and blocks, by photo
graphic nid, for printing, nnd it is rather
singular thnt so distinct nro now thoso
two branches of photography that it is
rare to find a person expert in one who
Is of the slightest sorvico in the other.
In closing this reviow of tho art of sun
plcturo making, merely by tho salient
points In Its history, which is nil thnt
space will (wrinlt, nnd bringing it down
to tho present time, it seems well to pre
sent n condensed tnblo of tho grcnt steps
in progress, showing tho advance that
has toon mado in reduction of timo of
cxposuro:
1837 IMIograiihjr (coppur pinto
and fuptmlt), .N'Ioikxi 0 to 8 hours
1930 Diitcuurrcotyiw (coppor sil
ver plated), DaKuurru ,90 minutes
l&ll-Cnlotypo (lo.llxo.1 gllver In
liur), Tox-Tulbot 3 to a minutes
1851 Collodion procesx (collodion
bromo-lodUud,nltu nitrate
of (liver, on gloat: used
wot), Scott-Arelior 10 to DO second
1ST0 Qolatlno umulxlon (liromtdo
of silver and gelatine on
rIom. used dry) I second
19H9 Similar gelatine coated
plates, excessively sensi
tive, made by a number of
manufacture .001 second
J. II. Connelly.
SOCIAL LIFE IN LONDON.
Some of the I'eoplo IVentlce Miitfonl Mot
u n Ilcceptlon.
Special Correspondence.)
New York, July 18. At swell Lou
don reception. Introduced to tall gent.
Very English. And London English.
Heard I had lived In California. Was
vory much interested. To know, you
know, Atout western life. About
bulTaloes", Indians, "Inglns"' scalps,
Bhooting scrapes, lawlessness, bowio
knives, horso thlof hangings, barroom
rows, gambling saloon deaths, man
for breakfast, ditto for dinner, and
ovorybody on tho cut and shoot. Vory
thirsty for information. Asked mo if I'd
ovor seen any rough western Ilfo. Said
"Yes." A triflo. Soon mnn killed?
"Yes." Any hung? "Yes." Very much
gratified. Dut still hungry for moro.
Froze to me. Drovo me into a corner.
Hemmed. Hawed. Hesitated. Em
barrassed. Said at last, "Beg pardon,
but but did you over kill a man?"
Told him "No." Great mistake Left
mo immediately. Disappointed. Hoped
in me to Hnd red handed murderer.
Disgusted. Hadn't oven killed ono man.
Great wasto of opportunity. After so
many years in California. Didn't say
bo. Dut I knew he felt it. Dropped me.
Recommend Americans desiring hearty
reception in London circles to kill at
east one. Beforo going abroad. Gives
you repute and standing. Expected of
western Americans. Supposed to go
about bristling under coat tails with
knifo nnd pistol. Full of fights as por
cupino of quills.
Talked little with solid Briton. Amus
ing man. Didn't mean to be. Uncon
scious humor. Represented British su
periority nil over. Superior to rest of
mankind. Didn't intend to. Couldn't
help It. Born in him. Bred in him.
Outcome of generations. Acted as if all
Americans away from homo had dono
something wrong. Stole. Embezzled.
Run off with wrong woman. Or some
thing. Didn't say so. But acted it.
Not necessary for man to tell all ho
thinks to think it nnd assert it. Interred
from solid Briton's sentiments that our
judges wero corrupt, courts a farce,
trials a mockery. That money could
buy law, legislation, lawyers and lovo,
that from Malno to Toxas wo wero a
bad lot, belter skeltcry looso, lawless,
unprincipled, lost slnncry nnd lost
sheepcry. Acknowledged solid Briton
to bo right in spots. Somo largo
spots. Didn't tell him 60. Didn't
talk back. Took Implied national con
euro meekly. Didn't tell him I'd found
largo cheating and small cheating in
England abuses so old thoy'd forgotten
thoy wero abuses, legal and legislative
frauds so well rubtod in thoy passed for
sound currency, rotten provision In Eng
lish army and navy contracts, men
starved on such account, powder so poor
'twould hardly burn, and marrying for
money rulo in high life. But to tell
what good? Similar sins on our side.
Pots calling kettles black don't mako 'em
any whiter. Loft solid Briton still satis-
fled that England was the home, tho nub,
of honesty, honor, purity, solidity and
everything clso really rospectablo nnd at
present real fountain head of Christi
anity, which, though founded In Pales
tine, had been greatly repaired, restored
and Improved by tho Westminster cate
chism, tho thlrty-nlno articles and tho
housoof lords.
Rest of planet sort of back yard, filled
with rcfuso, pig pons, kitchen scullions,
crazy Frenchmen, gabbling Italians,
drawling Yankees, old pots, old pans,
weeds, briers and brambles. Left him
happy In belief that England Is real
garden of Eden, warmod by coal and
run by steam power, that Evo was Eng
lishwoman and invented roast beef, beer
and plum pudding.
Largo porcontago of ladles at rocop
tlou seemed spinsters. Took to wall.
Vegetation. Appear regularly. Man sel
dom approaches 'era. Yot persoverlng
anglers in streams man hasn't toon
caught in for years. Hopes. Faint
hopes. Badly treated by men. Totally
neglected. Indecent mascullno English
liasto to rush to youth and beauty. In
crowds. Splnstors look on. Gallantry
all around. But not a drop for thorn.
Passed by. On other side. No good,
gallant Samaritan to bind up heart
wounds. AllLovitcs. Higher social scalo
mora numerous tho spinster. Moro scarce
tho marrying man. Not so bad among
lower classes. Moro pairing off among
thorn. For bettor or worso. Generally
worso. Still some compensation In pov
erty and low casto. Greater chauco of
having "Mrs." prefixed to namo at somo
Urue of Ufa. Saved from dlsgraco of
"Miss" after 30. Empty houor in two
cases out of three. Ottor third doubtful.
PllENTlCE MULFORD.
For Late Styles and Immense Satisfaction,
GO TO THE
Iircoln Slioe Store
They make a Speclnlty of
Ludlow's Celebrated Fine Shoes
For Ladies. They combine Service, Solid
Comfort nnd Economy.
122a O STREET.
New Spring and
-ARE NOW
John McWhinnie's
The Old Reliable Tailor.
First Class Workmanship, Fine Trimming, and
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
G05 S IEjijEi"VE2sri,i3: S,3:ISEET,-
Established Dec. tt), 1U86.
The German National Bank,
LINCOLN, NEB.
Capital Paid up, $100,000.00
Surplus . . . 13,000.00
Trnnsactsn general banking binlnes, Imups
letters or credit, draw draft on nil parts of
tlio world. Foreign collection n speclnlty.
OKKICEIIS AND DIUECTOUS.
1IEUMAN H.fiCriAHEKQ, l'resldont.
O C.MUNHOK.VIco 1'rcsldcnt.
JOSEPH HOEHMEH, Cnshler.
O. J. WILCCX, Ailstnut Cnshler.
C E. MONTOOMEUY. ALEX HALTER
P. A. UOEHMEh. U.J. UROTHERTON
WALTER J. HART'lb. L A. HUDELSON
E. HIIvIv,
LATE OK HROOKLYN, N. Y.
Tailor and Qraper
GENTLEMEN:
I shall display for your Inspection a new and very cnrcfully selected
Stock, comprising many of the latest and newest designs of the European
Manufacturers, nnd I am now prepared to take all orders for making up
garments for gents in the latest styles.
LADIES TAILORING:
Having for seventeen years met with great sucress in Brooklyn, N. Y.,
In cutting and making Ladles Jackets and Riding Habits, shall be pleased
to receive patronage from the ladles during the coming season.
I am also prepared lo receive orders for all kinds of Uniforms and
Smoking Jackets,
1230 O Street.
Most Popular Resort in the City.
ODELL'S DINING HALL,
MONTGOMERY BLOCK
1 1 19, ri2i and
Meals 25 cts
100 Engraved Calling Cards
And Copper Plate, foi$2.50.
If you-have- a Plate, we will furnish 100 Cards from
same, at $1.50: "
WESSEL PRINTING CO.
Courier Office.
Telephone 253.
LINCOLN, NEB.
Summer Goods
IN AT-
LINCOLN, NEB.
11 23 N Street.
$4.00 per week.
New Burr Block.
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