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SCIENCE AND I'HOGIIESS.
DESOfUPTION OF THE IARQE81
6NOWFLAKE ON RECOilD.
Simple Menu HilBRrtnl fur Preserving
Telegraph nml Oilier rotc-Tlin A
pllratlim of i:intilrln Truntliiii tn Vnlil
vie Illuming npon Orilhmry IliimU,
Mr. MngutM Volk, of tha Brighton Kleo
trio railway, has recently turned hi alien
tlou tutliu application of oh:trlo traction to
vehicles running iih)ii ordinary roads, Tho
dog rart rcpreientod In tho adjoining en
graving Is driven by nn I n . u motor of
one-half horxo owor tyjw. Tho Klectrlolnn,
In which f 111- engraving originally appeared,
ny in description (hat tho current Is sup
plied liy luvniuulntor which nt thn nornml
rase of dlwhiirgi' nro good for n six hours'
run. Tho ivlls nrn tlnnd uiuliT tho sents.
Tho motor Is supiiorted liy hungers under
tho lody of tho car, nml drives on to n
countershaft lu front by ant col llukchnln.
UHn tho Inner sldo of tho rlui of tho right
Imnd wheel, which In four foot lu diameter,
are nmuulier of block fixed nlmut oun foot
apart, nml it second steel chain iioskcn from
tho countershaft nround theso block Tho
nrniUReuient I neat lu npenroneo. mid has
tho advantage of reducing tho weight of tho
cour to n minimum.
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u an km:otiuo OAiiMAnK.
Tho motor nt present employed weighs
fortv iHimuU. thouah It i scarcely lnrco
1 enough for' tho work It linn to do. Tho ox- I
I porlmont no far mndo havo resulted In
J obtaining vnhmlilo dutn ns to tho trncttvo
lorco required for vehicles on roads of vari
ous klniK On nsnlmlt tho trnctlvo force Is
I less than on n grooved rnll, and a speed of
nluo miles nn hour can ho obtained, whereas
'on n soft nmcudam road only four miles an
I hour Is possible. With iv loud of two jxsr
ons a grndo of ono to thirty can bo sur
mounted. l To i:tlmntn ttm rower of 11 Htrmm.
p To measure water roughly lu nn open
stream says Toxllo Record, tnko f nun four to
twclvo different iK)lutn in n straight lino
across tho stream, and measure tho depth nt
each of them points, nud nddlng thoui to
gether, dlvldo by tho number of mensure
meats token. This quotient will glvo you
tho nvorngo depth, which should Ih measured
Infect. Multiply this nvorngo depth in feet
by tho width hefeot nnd this will glvo you
tho square f eot of cross section of tho stream.
Multiply this by tho velocity of tho stream
lu foot )cr mlnuto, nud you will linvo tho
cublo feet per mlnuto of tho stream. Tho
Telocity of tho stream can ho found by lay
hsg oft 100 feet on tho bank, and then throw
ing it board Into tho stream at tho middle,
noto tho tlmo passing over1 tho 100 feet, and
dtvidiug tho 100 foot by tho tlmo nud multi
plying by sixty, gives tho velocity lu foot per
mlnuto at tho surface, Tho velocity at tho
center Is only 83 per cent, of Mint at tho sur
face, and ho only 8U cr cent, should bo calcu
lated. For example, suppose tho float passes
100 feet in ten seconds, that divided by ten nud
multiplied by sixty (seconds In tho minute)
gives 0Q0 feet ier mlnuto as tho velocity, and
63 percent, of this gives 403 feet per mlnuto as
tho velocity of tho stream nt tho center, and
tho area of tho cross section multiplied by this
will glvo you tho number of cubic foot per
mlnuto in tho stream. Tills, of course, is
only n rouglt wny of calculating, but it la
Often ued, nnd is n good nnd slinplowny to
obtain data to select a wheel by,
lltminrknlilo Hnowflnke.
Tlio cut hero given represents lu its natural
lto (nearly), soys Topular Scionco News, a
jnowflako which fell at Cliapstou in wales
Vn unu. 7 last, It measured 3,0 inches in
longth, 2.4 lu breadth, and l.!l in thlcknoKS,
and when meltiHl gave about ouo-half a cublo
inch of water. It was composed of numer
ous separate crystals which had adhered to
gether wlillo falling through tho air. Tlio
atniospherio conditions wero very favorablo
(or tho formation of largo flakes, as tho tem
perature was Just abovo tho freezing polut,
which rendered tho snow moist and coherent,
and tho air was perfectly calm and saturated
with moll t ure.
THE CURIOSITY SHOP.
Nnmn fir it Novel Tlnmtiorn- Tails
How "Vault rlr" Was Named.
Th(iclteny's famous novel, "Vnnlty Fair,"
derived Its iinmo under tho following clrctim
tnuccs, according to tho statement of n
friend of tho grent nuthor, who thin rotate
tho story lu n recent ntimlior of Hcrlbner's
Mngnr.lnoi "In tho enrllest days of our
frinuiNilp Thackeray hnxight Ills morning
work to ivnd to mo in tho evening, llolmd
Just commenced 'Vnnlty Knlr, and was liv
ing nt the Old Hhlp Inn, where ho wrolo somo
of tho first nuuilK'rs. lie often thou said to
mm 'I wonder whether this will take, tho
publishers accept It and tho world rend itf
I romomlior answering him that 1 had no
reliance iixm my own critical jNiwers in
llterntuiw, hut that I had written to my sis
ter, Mrs. Frederick Klllot, nud saldi 'I havo
mndo n griMit friendship with one of tho
principal contributors of Punch, Mr. Thack
eray. Ho is noiv writing n novel, but cuu
not hit upon n nnino for It, 1 may bo
wrong, but it bccius to mo tho cleverest
thing I havo over read. Tho Hint tlmo ho
lined with us I was fonrfully nlnrmcd nt
iilm. Tho next day wo walked in Chiches
ter park, when ho told nil nhout ills llttlo
girls nnd of his groat friendship with tho
llrookllohN, nud 1 told him nlniiit you nud
Choshnm place. When lio heard this nnd
my opinion of his novel ho burnt out laugh
ing nud saldi 'Ohl Mndemolsello(nshonlwuys
called me), It Is not siunll beer, but I do not
know whether It will bo alntnhlo to tho
Loudon folks.' Ho told mo somo tlmo after
ward that nfter ransacking his bruin for a
unuio for his novol It cainoiipon him una
wnres lu tho middle of tho night, ns it n volco
had wlilsjiered, 'Vnnlty Fair.' Ho snldi 'I
JuiiiihI out of bed nud ran three times
nround my room, uttering as I went, Vnnlty
Fair, Vanity Fair, Vnnlty Fair.'"
The ChrUtluit V.rn.
Our era does not take its oxnet date from
tho lili th of Christ, as is generally supposed.
Tho Christian era was Invented by Dlouyslus
Kxlguus (Ulutiysius tho little, so called cither
on account of his humility or his small
stature), nn abltot of tho Hlxth century. Ho
placed tlio birth of Christ in tlio fourth year
of tho 101 Olympiad, 763 years from tho
founding of Homo. This is now generally
admitted to Is) four years too late; but tho
intentions of Ulonyslus Wero good, and tho
discrepancy is of no practical Importance.
Dlonysiuii mndo tlio liMh of March (Lndy
Uay tho day of tho Conception of Christ)
tho ilrst day of his year. Wo havo changed
that, but adopted his reckoning lu other
respects. Tho Ulouslau cm was adopted
almost nt ouco in Homo by tho pocs lu tho
Kloventh century, and, its Now Year's day
changed from March ' to Jan. 1, nnd
itself rochrlstonod tlio Christian crn, liy tho
Western world at dlircrcut dates from 1501 to
17M. CniNir Introduced tho present system
of leap year, and Gregory X1I1, lu 16SJ im
proved it to its present form.
Tim CnsUnt Copy of tlio llbul.
Wlillo Alexander tho Great was on hi
Porslnu oxihhIIHou and nfter ho had con
quered Oaza, Hyria, "a casket Iwing ono day
brought to him, which appeared ono of tho
most curious nnd valuable things among tho
treasured and tho whole cquipugo of Darius
(tho Persian king), ho asked his friends what
they thought most worthy to bo put into it,
Dliroroiit things wero to bo proposed, but ho
said: 'Tho Hind most deserved such a case,'
Tho Iliad, ho thought, ns well ns called, a
portable treasure of military knowledge; nnd
ho had n copy corrected by Aristotle, which
Is called tlio casket copy. 'Darius,' said Alex
ander, 'used to keep his ointments in this
casket; but I, who havo no tlmo to anoint
myself, will convert It to n nobler use,1
Oneslcrltus Informs us that ho used to lay it
under ids pillow with his sword." Plutnrch.
ki7TWi!?lSv3f??-B
Mr wwnt KTfltCKrkXtfllTlH
Leap Vear.
Onenccountof tho origin of tho custom of
young laillea llndlng leap year a propitious
tlmo for taking matters Into their own hands
is as follows; liy an ancient act of tho Scot
tish parliament, passed about tho year 1U3S,
it was ordained that during tlio reign of her
blessed mnjewty Margaret, every maiden lady
of Itoth high and low degree shall havo lib
erty to speak to tho man sho likes. If ho re
fuses to take her to bo his wife, ho shall bo
mulct in tho sum of 100 or less, ns Ids estato
may U, except nnd nlwnyn if lie enn mnko
it appear that lie is betrothed to another wo
man, than ho shall bo freo. It was a hard
tlmo for bachelors.
Tlio I-nt Trump.
Wheu clubs are trump look out for war
On ocean ami ou laud,
Fr bloody deeds are often done
When clubs are lu tho hand.
Tlio final trump of all Is spade,
Turned by tho hand of time;
No matter where a mau may ll?o,
In cold or torrid clime.
No matter how much a man may lose
Or how much ho may savo,
You'll !hut tho spado turns up at last
Ami diss the player's grave.
The Keystone State.
Pennsylvania was so named by Charles II,
when ho granted tlio province to William
Penn. It was not named after tho latter, but
in compliment to his father, Admiral Venn,
whoeo naval and uitriotlo services in tho
cmiHoof Charles had been very great, nnd
created a debt which wns paid to tho son by
a grant of land in America. "Bylvnnin"
means u wooded or a forest couutry, and
"Pennsylvania" has been interpreted to moan
Point's wooden or wooded country.
A MAMMOTH BNOWTLAKB.
During this Jtonn tho snow full in rcmarka
bio quantity. About one-fifth of nn Inch
tell in six minutes, which when molted wot
equivalent to about ono twenty-fifth of an
iuch of water. This b ccrtoliily, says the
journal quoted from, ono of tho largest snow-
sum on roconb
Preserving Telegraph Poles,
Telegraph poles are preserved la Norway,
aaye BcloutlUo American, by making an
uger hole, about an inch in diameter, in
ch post, about two feet from tho ground,
and pointing down at a small angle till the
center of the (tick is reached. From four to
lire ounces of sulphate of copper, in coarsely
Eiwdered crystals, is inserted, and tho open
g b stopped with a plug, which projects so
(bat it cau bo pulled out to admit of replao
lnsr the charge every three or four months.
Ta chemical is gradually absorbed by tho
wood, which, it is said, permeates to the very
sop of the pole, the wholo outside surface as
suming a greenish tint, duo to tho presence
C copper In the pore. Thlastmplomoansof
reservation suggests the oppllcutlHi of the
same material to other structures thau tela
graph pole.
The Admirable Crlchtun.
James Crichton, called "Tho Admirable
Crlchton," was a real jiersonago, bora in
Scotland in 1500, who died in 1583., Ills ex
traordinary knowledge of language nud his
superiority in every manly accomplishment,
bis eloquence, learning and wit, won for him
his sobriquet. He was a genius of tho most
remarkable kind.
Tracheotomy.
The operation of tracheotomy, recently per
formed on tho crowrn prince of Germany, is
making an owning into the trachea or wind
pipe to extract a foreign substance, or to per
mit tho passage of air to tho lungs.
A BOON TO PHYSICIANS.
Bernd's Physician Office Register
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The above cut shows Register open. The book is prepared with especial reference to improving the system of recording calls, visits, etc. It Is complete, simple
comprehensive, nnd as n labor saving method of keeping accounts, will at.oncc commend Itself to every Physician in the land. Your attention is called to the fact that the
account ngnlnst n patient roil AN kntirk ykaii is contained within n space three Inches In width.
This book is 13x17 Inches; contains too pages; each page divided into 7 spaces, thus providing for 700 accounts, contains a condensed cash account showing (on one
page) cash receipts from both "regular" nnd "transient" patients for each day in the year, besides 4 additional ruled pages for memoranda, such ns "the address of nurses,
'future eng.igjmi.its" "private .consultations," etc., etc. T,he book Is alphebctlcally indexed on linen tabs, substantially bound Russia back and corners, cloth sides, spring
Prices, 700 Account Office Register, $5.00. 1400 Account Office Register, $8.00
fo;
BERND'S POCKET REGISTER.
Its Advantages are as Follows :
StCTIOSM. VIEW.SHGVtlNC
AMAMSEMtNT DFALURNVTE LONG ANO SHORT UAVES
A Imux Ituail.
Binco the new lines of tho Northern Paciflo
railroad havo been finished, the distance
under control of the Northern Paciflo com
pany measures 7,000 miles, making that Line
tho longest line in tho country.
- No Transferring No Indexing.
2d. One Writing of Patient's name for entire year.
3d. It enables you to keep the run of your accounts without referring to auxiliary books.
4th. Can he commenced nt any time during the year.
5th. The price is far below the cost of keeping accounts In the old style, vlz:VMtlng List, Journal and Ledger this book
combining nil three.
Tills cut shows book open, witA example similar to that shown above. Cipher codc is embossed in gilt on Inside of cover.
The Register when closed is 4x7 inches, convenient size to carry in pocket.
The lines of the short leaf nre adjusted to the long. When the short leaf is turned to the right, the first half year is visible.
The Hook is Gilt Edged, hound In Black Seal llexlbie with Inside pocket and clastic tablet. Contains condensed cash account,
showing at a glance Receipts from Regular nnd Transient Patients for entire year besides eight Memorandum Pages, Pencil and
Holder, nnd is closed by a Silk Elustlc Hand.
Extracts from a Few of the Many Letters Received,
I am gratified to say that for the first time in long years of practice, I am able to keep my accounlsjwlthout having to suffer
the drudgery of cumbersome book ikeepingDr, II. Tuholske, St. Louis.
It is just the thing I want. Dr. G. Swan, Hartford, Connecticut.
The book is a treasure to any busy Doctor, It saves an amount of tedious work at the'end of the month which Is particularly
njrecauie. ur. ii. a. napoion, iveirou, 11-1111111.
I have lost enough this A. m. to pay for the book,havlng to make out an account in haste. Dr. Juo. Boardman, Buffalo.N.Y
It Is by far the most complete work of its kind I have ever met with shall take pleasure in recommending it to my friends
In the profession. Dr, S. II. Chester, Kansas City, Missouri.
I regard It as the only Register In use adapted to the Physician's requirements. Dr. J. T. Kent, St. Lonls, Missouri.
For the past fifteen years I have used several kinds of Registers, all very 'good, but none beginning' to compare with that
purchased from you. Dr. W. C. Barker, Hummellstown, Pennsylvania.
I have found it useful and exceedingly convenient. Dr. Benj. T. Shitnwell, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
I must congratulate you on the Introduction of such a perfect method every member of the profession should extend to
you their appreciation by adopting the same. Dr. Wm. Bird, Chester, Pennsylvania.
I would not o without it for fifty dollars a year. L. W. Clark, Rushvllle, Illinois.
PRICES, 300 Account Pocket Register, $3.00.
440 Account Pocket Register, 4.00.
WF1F
hntClnrJs
-.A 1 mi
suA-jIV".
&muLLi.
tA-l--.
Sl-ve Trade.
Xv lliaMlv tt TTr.u.lit T..!n t-1Q V
J W ..J W.W., W.J AW, f V,
British government agreed to furnish 4,800
negroes annually to Spanish America, The
contract was renewed la 1748, but given up
m iiov.
A Mode of Kxrcutlon.
Boiling to death was Introduced as n mode
of capital punishment during tho reign of
Houry Vllf, 1031, but tlio act establishing it
was repealed sixteen years later,
hwJUt h
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rf Wfic aTg "in;-p-. o r
Hl.li Seas.
The oceans outsldo of a lino one -rurtrr
league from shore, are the high seas,
WESSEL & DOBBINS,
Western Agents,
v Burr Block.
I..'
LINCOLN,. NEBRASKA.
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