CROWDED . . . Cooking, sleeping, washing. Entire home life of this
family is spent in one room in the Brcttervorschlag. Note bed in corner.
EUROPE’S LITTLE PEOPLE 1946
‘Alles Kaput,’ Germans Complain
As They View Destroyed Cities
By PAULINE FREDERICK
WNU Foreign Correspondent.
HAMBURG (ENGLISH ZONE), GERMANY.—It was
obvious that Frau Hohlman was not satisfied with her lot.
She said it was cold—and it was, with little heat from the
tiny stove. But I could have led her to shacks and under
ground hovels where there was even less heat and no sub
stantial walls to keep out the weather such as surrounded her.
She also said there was not
enough food—black bread, marma
lade and coffee for breakfast, soup
and potatoes for lunch, and so on.
She poured on the table a few
pieces of cracked grain to show me
what they were eating; then care
fully picked up every piece of it and
put it back in the box as though it
were a precious stone.
But Frau Hohlman was more for
tunate than a lot of her country
women. She had chickens in her
back yard. And when I accidentally
got a peep into her pantry, I saw
two long loaves of bread, two and
a half rolls of what was probably
margarine, and a can that un
doubtedly contained food. Not all
German larders are like that..
Frau Hohlman is fortunate enough
to live in a prefabricated house. She
was wearing a blue-checked apron
and blue sweater. She did not know
I was coming, but she admitted me,
although a little suspiciously, to the
combination kitchen-living room and
bedroom where there was a bed in
one corner with the red feather pil
lows turned back to air.
Fuel and Food Scarce.
The furniture consisted of a cup
board, a table, chairs, a radio and a
small wood stove with some sticks
drying in the oven. A large double
window framed in muslin curtains
opened to the garden. The other
room of the cottage had two beds
in it, and a dresser. It, too, had a
large window. The place was light
and airy, although small.
(I visited another prefabricated
house where a cheerful, emaciated
young man in his 20's lived with
his wife and year-old baby. I saw
their pantry, too, and I saw nothing
but a small piece of bread and a
half-eaten dish of macaroni. But the
father said "everything was fine,"
and when I gave him two cigarettes
RUINS . . . But "a roof over
one’s head” Is most desired, for
walls can be built of stones.
■a. a.
_
he was profuse in his thanks. He
pointed with pride to the little pile
of brush and the stump in the yard
which furnished fuel. The pretty,
runny-nosed baby smiled, too.)
“Alles kaput,” said Frau Hohl
man, using the current German ex
pression in describing what had hap
pened to their old home when a
bomb hit it.
But here she lives today with her
husband who works in a margarine
factory, and with her married
daughter whose husband is still
missing in Russia. With electricity,
the house costs them 24 marks a
month. The husband earns about 40
marks a week, and more if he
works at night. The Hohlman yjrd
was furrowed for spring gardening.
As I talked with Frau Hohlman,
the food ration was being met, al
though there was a great shortage
in potatoes and the only vegetables
available were a certain amount of
turnips and cabbage. But what
I could not tell them was the dire
picture of the food situation in the
British zone unless a miracle hap
pens. It was revealed to me at Brit
ish military government headquar
ters at Minden by F. Hollins, direc
tor of food and agriculture.
Famine in British Zone.
Mr. Hollins told me that at the
rate the bread grain stocks were go
ing down and not being replenished,
pockets of starvation could soon be
expected in the British zone. The
food permitted the Germans by the
British is designed to provide 1,545
calories per day for the average
person, with 2,250 for heavy work
ers, 2,809 for very heavy workers
and 2,589 for pregnant and nursing
mothers. Bread and the cereal prod
ucts make up 60 per cent of the
caloric diet. The city of Hamburg
alone uses between 350 and 400 tons
of grain a day.
Bread is especially vital here be
cause of the heavy workers in the
Ruhr and the Rhineland. In order
i to keep from cutting the ration be
i fore the spring months when vege
tables would make it more bear
able, the British zone needs at
least 200,000 tons of wheat a month
until the end of June. Only half that
amount arrived in February and
: at a late date, none had been pro
! grammed at all for March.
When the British took over this
zone they found 21 million people,
or a million and a half more than
j lived here in 1939. In bombed-out
areas, homes had to be provided as
well as food. Of the 5Mi million
dwelling units available in 1939,
about half of them have been de
stroyed by bombing. Anything that
can be used to provide a roof is
sought by the Germans, but their
biggest demand is for food.
“We are living on the edge of a
precipice,” Mr. Hollins told me,
“and it would take very little to
topple the thing over and make
the situation very serious indeed.”
Once more I am hearing the cry
of “bread” as I have heard it in
many countries in the last year. And
I have been wondering what the an
swer will be.
‘No One Wants to Shoot Children’
As the train from Copenhagen
glowed down for Hamburg, I saw
six cars of coal standing on a sid
ing. Little boys, women and old men
wn-e swarming over them, furtive
ly filling sacks. I asked a military
official why this was permitted
when only that week a 25 per cent
cut in the coal supply had meant a
week’s shut-down in industry that
had begun so that there would be
uo Interruption to electricity.
“You can’t get anyone to shoot,
•
children," was the answer.
As I had crossed the border from
Denmark, one sight of all others
made me realize I was back in
Germany. It was the stumps of
freshly-cut trees.
As I waited in front of the sta
tion for transportation, a scabby
faced boy in his teens begged me
for cigarettes, and a child asked
for chewing gum. On the way to the
hotel, I saw an old man rummaging
, through a trash can.
In These United States
Montanan Urges Farmers to
Sell Wheat and Save World
• ,
By WALTER A. SHEAD
WNU Washington Correspondent.
WASHINGTON, D. C. — Farmers should deliver their
wheat to the government and do it now, if we are to save the
lives of millions of persons who are wasting away from star
vation in many countries of the world.
This is the belief of Thomas D. <S
Campbell, the nation's biggest farm
er, tall, lanky, sun-browned, white
thatched, enthusiastic, purposeful
westerner of Hardin, Mont.
Colonel Campbell, for he is a full
colonel in the U. S. army, is deliver
ing 500,000 bushels of his own wheat
to the government under terms of
the offer of the department of agri
culture as fast as he can secure
trucks and cars to get it to the rail
roads, In an effort to get together
200.000,000 bushels of wheat for ship
ment.
Gives Reasons.
The dynamic westerner declares
that farmers, large and small,
should deliver their wheat to the
government, immediately, for the
following reasons:
1. The announced plan of the D.
of A. to buy wheat at the market
relieves the farmer of any uncer
tainty of price. Any farmer, under
terms ol the offer can deliver his
wheat, receive a certificate from the
government, and hold that certifi
cate for as long as April 30, 1947,
and elect at any time within that
period to sell. This gives him the
advantage of a higher price when it
comes.
2. The government has ordered
No. 1 priority for cars for shipment,
although there remains the problem
of trucks to get the wheat to the
county elevators.
3. The farmers who figure their
income tax on a cash basis will
have the advantage of increased
prices and reduced rate on their
taxable income, as the government
carries him without cost or interest
on the loan while he holds his certifi
cate for the higher prices.
4. Delivery of wheat now will
empty storage and provide room for
the coming crop. Owing to hous
ing demands, it will be impossible
to build increased storage facilities.
5. Perhaps the most important
reason why the farmers should re
lease their wheat now is the humani
tarian reason, for it will mean early
shipping, to save lives and to build
renewed hope in the breasts of mil
lions of people who today are with
out hope.
COMMISSIONER . . . Mrs.
Maureen Moore, mother of Jerrle,
15, and Jo Ann, 13, is Texas com
missioner of labor statistics. Be
fore her recent appointment she
was child labor supervisor for the
state.
Rammed Earth
House lor Him
GREELEY. COLO. — Back in 124
B. C., Hannibal built rammed earth
watchtowers. And now, Attorney
David J. Miller, copying a page
from ancient history, has erected a
rammed earth home to defeat the
housing and building materials
shortage problem.
His new six-room home of mod
ern design and novel heating sys
tem was constructed with a bull
dozer, a pneumatic back-fill tamp
and a little lumber from an old
barn for door sills and window cas
ings.
The bulldozer was used to clear
the site and mix the proper soils,
which must include clay, silt and
sand. Forms were set in place for
the walls and the earth was rammed
into them with the tamp. After the
earth dried, the forms were re
moved and the durable dirt house
was completed.
Six other Greeley residents are
r.ow planning similar homes.
What Price Glory?
BELLINGHAM, WASH. — Wil
liam McLaughlin, Lynden farmer,
ran the following advertisement:
“Will trade distinguished service
rruss I won In World War 1 for
priority on Ford-Ferguson tractor.’’
Decorated for wiping out a German
machine gun nest single-handed in
the First World war, the ex-machine
gunner said he had saved five years
to buy a tractor, but was unable to,
because priority regulations favor
veterans of World War II.
FOOD . . . Col. Thomas D.
Campbell, Montana wheat ranch
er, urges sending of wheat to Eu
rope to feed the starving. At one
time he farmed 96,000 acres.
FLYING BATHTUBS
Drs. C. F. Code, E. H. Wood
and E. J. Baldes of the Mayo aero
medical unit told physiologists at
the first session of the Federation of
American Societies for Experimen
tal Biology that if the pilot of a
fighter plane could sit in a bathtub
full of water while he was doing
fast turns, loops and other evasive
maneuvers he would be much less
likely to ‘blackout.” Men were
spun around on a centrifuge to test
the effects of immersion in water as
protection against blackout. With
water up to just below the breast
bone, the men were protected
against the effects of acceleration
to an amount expressed as 0.9 g.
When the water level was raised to
the level of the third rib, the protec
tion was 1.7 g., which is comparable
with the protection given by the
special anti-blackout suits.
GRANGE AND AIR
The National Grange, speak
ing for 750,000 families, has
said: "Transportation by air in
the postwar period will assume
an economic importance to agri
culture and to the nation as a
whole far beyond that which
existed prior to World War II.”
TODAYS Q. AND A.
Q-—What is "seat of the pants"
flying?
A. It was flying in the old days
before there were instruments.
When the plane went up or down or
tipped, inertia of the flyer’s body
changed his position in his seat
enough for him to feel the difference
and he could sense the position of
the plane accordingly. In the air
lines nowadays a pilot can tell where
he is and the altitude of his plane
at every moment entirely by instru
ments even in the thickest weather
or darkness.
* • •
Early Women Pilots
Back in 1929 when any kind of air
plane pilot was regarded with awe.
Miss Manila Davis of Flatwoods
soloed a small English Moth air
craft at East Boston, Mass., and in
1930 earned her private pilot’s li
cense to be credited with becoming
the first licensed West Virginia wom
an pilot. She is now the wife of
B. B. Talley, Huntington, W. Va.
• • •
Designers of tomorrow’s
plant's are planning to use heli
um gas to inflate the tires to
make them lighter than air.
SPRAYS TREES ... To control
hemlock looper in northwestern
Oregon. this special dusting
plane is used. For some tests,
lead arsenate suspensions were
sprayed; for others, ODT.
• • »
PLANES PLANT
A 20-day job of seeding 300 acres
of wheat with sweet clover W'as cut
to 12 hours by A. T. Sumner and
Sons farm near Milford, 111., when
an airplane was used. Without hav
ing to wait for ideal soil conditions.
360 pounds of seed was ‘‘sprayed"
with what was found to be from
36 to 112 seeds per square foot.
Those who did the seeding were
Glenn Schuetz, Carl Shelton and Bob
Gunn, who operate a crop dusting
service. All are pilots and own
farms.
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
By VIRGINIA VALE
CELEBRATING 15 years
on the air—and all that
time on CBS — Kate Smith
might well say “Let who will
make the nation’s laws; I’ll
sing its songs and help with
its crusades.” During her
years in radio she’s made
more than 6,300 personal ap
pearances to help worthy
KATE SMITH
causes, and the success of many a
song has been linked with her
name. They say she’s probably
launched more hits than any other
popular singer, but she won’t help
launch just any song; it must be a
good tune to begin with. If she feels
that it's right for her, she studies
it, and her flair for phrasing is like
ly to make the composer feel that
she sings it exactly the way he
wants it done,
-*
Culminating on August 6, War
ner Bros, plans a four months’
celebration of the 20th anniversary
of talking pictures. A series of spe
cial programs will continue on an
international scale, honoring the
scientists who pioneered in the field
and highlighting the scientific de
velopment and cultural contribution
of the talking picture. It was on
August 6, 1926, at the Warner the
ater in New York, that the public
first saw a complete program «f mo
tion pictures in which opera stars
and concert artists sang and
played.
-*
“It Pays to Be Ignorant” returns
to the air waves, and there’s re
joicing among its many enthusiastic
followers. This is one of the few
times that a program’s been
dropped for another one and then
brought back to the air when its
successor was dropped.
-*
Ever play a Screecherboot? Or a
Moontassle? You’ve heard them if
you listen to the Korn Kobblers, on
Mutual four nights a week. Like the
band’s other instruments, they’re
made from salvaged tubings, brass
piping, etc. Stan Fritts and the oth
er five Korn Kobblers get together
In his basement workshop in Eliza
beth, N. J., and construct those
fantastic instruments they play.
--
When radio producers need a 3
year old or an 83 year old voice,
a talking crow, or any other un
usual sound, they call on Miss Cecil
Roy. She’s also heard regularly on
the leading mystery programs,
playing anything from a snarling
gun-moll to a murdered man’s last
gurgle. And on “Daily Dilem
ma," on Mutual, every weekday
afternoon, she climaxes her career
by enacting all the roles!
When Nan Merriam won the
$1,000 prize offered by the Nation
al Federation of Music clubs in
1943, the radio program on which
she was to sing was the same eve
ning as the big dinner where she’d
receive the award. It was the
party that interested her most, but
she dashed to NBC, did her singing
stint, and a few days later was
handed a five-year-contract to sing
over their stations.
-*
If you ever meet Evelyn Knight,
(now on the Lanny Ross program,)
make her happy by asking for an
aspirin. She carries the tablets in
a locket made of a huge uncut
amethyst she got in Brazil, which
was used by an ancient Indian
chief as a container for poison.
-*
If you heard the very moving
broadcast in which Ralph Edwards
chatted with Buster Roos, the eight
year-old suffering from cancer,
you’ll be delighted to know that
Ralph’s appeal for funds for the
American Cancer society’s drive
has been tremendously successful.
-*
ODDS AND ENDS—Columbia Pic
tures advertised for eight gorgeous
girls to portray goddesses in “Down to
Earth"—and 200 beauties answered. . . •
Gene Kelly, still in uniform, nearly dis
rupted life behind the scenes at the
circus in New York when he took his
small daughter backstage to visit the
famous clown, Emmett Kelly (no rela
lion). . . . An item on the hill for
Metro's cocktail party for Pan Johnson
when Pan visited New Y’ork urns S2.40
for milk—drunk by the guest of honor,
of course. . . . That dress made of
black glass beads which Janis Paige
uears in “Her Kind of Man” weighed
30 pounds.
A Cool, Summery
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A GAY little drawstring frock to
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• • *
To obtain complete pattern, finishing
Instructions, applique pattern of duckling
for the Wing-Sleeved Frock (Pattern No.
5850). sizes include 2. 3 and 4 years, send
to cents in coin, your name, address and
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Due to an unusually large demand and
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most popular pattern numbers.
Send your order to:
SEWING CIRCLE NEEDLEWORK
530 South Wells St. Chicago 7, 111.
Enclose 20 cents for pattern.
No_
Name __—
Address-—
-1
Emblem of U. N. First
To Use ‘Air Age1 Map
The emblem of the United Na
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bear, within a wreath of olive
leaves, the “air-age” map which,
drawn on the azimuthal equidis
tant projection, shows all countries
in their geographical relationship
to the North Pole.
- -- ... —I I
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