g-. , ____ — !-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Increase Conservation as Wheat Supplies Shrink; Conservatives Top Free Japanese Elections lennAd by Western Newspaper Union. - (EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are espressed In these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysis and not necessarily of this newspaper.) \ _ _ C asting their ballots in Tokyo, these two women were among the unexpectedly large number of their sex who voted In first free election In Japan in decade. FOOD: Wheat Stocks Shrink With heavy domestic and export demands being made on the nation’s shrinking wheat supply, the govern ment mapped additional conserva tion measures for grain but reject ed a British proposal for bread ra tioning by the two countries. Current figures point up the pinch developing in wheat. Against an esti mated supply of 332 million bush els, U. S. commitments for export before July 1 total 125 million bush els, the present domestic rate of consumption will take another 125 million bushels, at least 35 million bushels will be used for feed and 13 million bushels may be used for spring seed. Use of 298 million bushels of wheat by July 1 thus would leave the U. S. with a visible supply of 35 million bushels at the beginning of the new crop year. In arriving at the cur rent figure of 332 million bushels, agronomists added the department of agriculture's estimate of 203 mil lion bushels on farms on April 1 with projections that elevator holdings matched last year's high mark of 129 million bushels. In turning down Britain’s bid for mutual bread rationing, Secretary of Agriculture Anderson declared that the extensive widespread pro duction of grain in the U. S. would make control difficult. Small nations — like Britain depending chiefly upon imports for their wheat can exer cise more efficient check on their , supplies, he said. Relax Building Order Farmers and worker* engaged in output of essential products were made eligible foe building material priorities through gov ernment relaxation of emergency housing regulations. It was also determined to provide priority assistance for the repair or alter ation of existing dwellings either to maintain them or rentore them to a habitable state. Builders who undertook construction of non-vet residences before March 26 may apply for priorities to complete their work. JAPAN: Bift Vote Following the general postwar trend, Japanese voters swung to the right in the first free elections in Nippon in a decade, with the na tion’s conservative parties winning sufficient representation in the 466 member parliament to assure a temperate tone *f legislation. Between 60 and 68 per cent of the 40 million eligible voters turned out for the balloting, with the wom en appearing in unexpectedly large numbers. With nearly half the bal lots in the Tokyo district cast by women, 66-year-old Mrs. Shigeyo Takeuchi and American-educated Mrs. Chizue Kato piled up big leads. Though running far behind the conservative parties, the Commu nists showed surprising strength to win a number of seats. Lacking the veteran, smoothly - oiled machines of the conservative forces, the Reds succeeded in commanding prominent last-minute notice with public demonstrations against Pre mier Shidehara and the existing re gime. The Reds accused Shidehara »f being reactionary and blamed him for the food shortage. DRAFT: Compromise Heeding President Truman’s In sistence upon extension of the se lective service act, congress moved toward continuing the draft for at least nine months but sought to re duce conscription calls by raising army and navy pay to attract vol unteers. Congressional partiality toward the compromise measure followed stubborn efforts of Republicans to suspend the draft for nine months and step up recruitments to meet requirements by raising service pay. While the compromise bill incorpor ated provisions for making enlist ment more attractive, inclusion of draft powers assured a flow of men if volunteering fell below needs. Under increased pay schedules considered by the solons, privates and apprentice seamen would re ceive $75 monthly instead of $50; pri vate first class and seamen second class $81 instead of $54; corporal and seamen first class $92 instead of $66; sergeant or petty officer first class $115 instead of $96; staff ser geant or petty officer second class $115 instead of $96; technical ser geant or petty officer first class $135 instead of $114, and first sergeant, master sergeant or chief petty offi cer $165 instead of $138. In addition, commissioned offi cers would receive substantial pay raises, with top ranking generals and admirals being hiked from $666 to $732. UN: Double-Trouble Already pressed with the Russian demand for dropping the Iranian question entirely, the United Na tions’ security council was confront ed with the equally ticklish Polish proposal that the international or ganization recommend severance of diplomatic relations with Spain. Poland’s Russian - backed com plaint to the security council that the Franco regime constituted a threat to world peace came at a time when both the U. S. and Britain preferred to move slowly against the Spanish government despite their repugnance of it. Supported by France, the two English-speaking Allies desire the development of an orderly opposition movement in Spain to prevent the outbreak of an other civil war if Franco is dis lodged. In protesting to the security coun cil against Spain, Poland cited the UN general assembly’s action of last February, condemning the Franco regime as having been estab lished with axis aid and lacking qualification for membership in the international organization. Meanwhile, the security council sweated over Russia’s formal de mand that the Iranian question be considered tlosed and neither of the two disputants be obliged to report back May 6 on the fulfillment of the Soviet pledge to withdraw from the little country without exer cising pressure for petroleum and oil concessions. With Iran opposed to the Russian demand, diplomatic circles felt that Moscow’s action was inspired by its desire to avert a security council probe of the recent oil agreement, reached between the two countries, in which the Reds ob tained a 51 per cent stock control of a joint Russo-Iranian company for exploiting petroleum deposits in northern Iran. Motor Power Passes Famed Horse Cavalry Making way tor the new, the historic cavalry will be merged with the comparatively new armored force into a single “armored cavalry" arm in recognition of new developments during World War II, Sec. of War Robert P. Patterson revealed. Personnel for the new “armored cavalry" will not be drawn solely from the cavalry but also from other branches and in the same manner as it was drawn for the armored forces. While it was planned virtually to eliminate the horse from the army, it is contemplated that a small detachment of skilled mounted troops will be maintained to give instruction and train small units for use in rough terrain, and that pack animals will be retained for specialized work. POLES: Shun Homeland Apprehensive over Russian domi nation of their homeland, the major ity of members of the British backed Polish army in exile are un willing to accept an offer of repatri ation, a sounding sentiment among troops in Italy revealed. The apathy of many toward re turning to their native soil arises from their imprisonment in Russia after the Red occupation of eastern Poland in 1939. Prior to being re leased upon the formation of the Polish liberation forces after the German attack on Russia, some served two years of sentences rang ing up to 15 years. With Russian insistence upon their return to their homeland con stituting a thorny diplomatic issue, many of the Poles interviewed ex pressed a desire to settle in Canada or Chicago, 111., where a million Americans of Polish descent reside. CO-OPS: Called Beneficial Declaring there was substantial evidence to show that the co-opera tive movement has proven an ef fective Instrument for combating monopolistic control, the house se lect committee on small business reported that co-ops were a healthy addition to the American economy and did not endanger other forms of business operation. Discussing agricultural co-ops, the committee said they were originally organized to help farmers offset dis advantageous bargaining conditions which still exist. Though tax-exempt farm co-ops possess an edge over competitive business in that stock dividends and reserves are not sub ject to levy, the actual amounts in volved are relatively small, the com mittee said. In considering the imposition of a receipts tax on co-ops, the commit tee asserted such a levy would prob ably raise constitutional issues and adversely affect schools, churches, scientific organizations and many social clubs witji a comparable ad vantage of tax emption. COAL STRIKE: John L. Eloquent Most eloquent of the nation’s la bor leaders, burly John L. Lewis sounded off in Shakespearean tones in pressing his efforts for coal oper ators’ consideration of his demands for a health and welfare fund and safety program in a new contract for the United Mine Workers. Insisting on prior discussion of these proposals in the face of the companies’ determined opposition, John L. chortled: "For four weeks JOHN L. LEWIS we have sat with you; we attended when you fixed the hour; we depart ed when weariness affected your pleasure. . . . When we emphasized the importance of life, you pleaded the priority of profits; when we spoke of little children in unkempt surroundings, you said — look to the state! . . . You scorn the toils, the abstinence and the perils of the miner; we withhold approval of your luxurious mode of life and the nights spent in merriment. . . .” Undaunted by John L.’s heart wrenching sally, the coal operators blandly replied that Lewis was at tempting to stall negotiations and create a national crisis that would lead to consideration of his de mands. LEAGUE OF NATIONS: Old Gives Way As the League of Nations was offi cially bowing out in the shimmering marble palace in Geneva, Switzer land, French Delegate Paul-Bon cour sounded a warning to the youthful United Nations that unless they agreed upon disarmament the peace machinery established in UN might come to naught. Pointing up the collapse of the old League following the refusal of governments to abandon military forces as a potential instrument of policy, Paul-Boncour said that while UN contemplated an internation al organization of two million troops, a major power could raise four million unless disarmament were adopted. The scene of intensive wran gling throughout its existence, the League breathed hard to the end, the Argentine delegation walking out upon its failure to obtain one of the last vice presidencies. Fol lowing consultations with other delegations and its own government, however, the Argentines returned. WORLD GATTLE: Preliminary reports for 1948 indi cate that cattle numbers have de creased in North America and Eu rope, and increased in the Soviet Union since the beginning of 1945. the department of agriculture said. The drop in North American cat tle numbers is placed at two mil lion, and the European decrease at six million. The increase in the So viet Union is estimated at three and seven-tenths million. Little net change in the cattle population ia reported elsewhere In the world. UN Gets Public Airing; CIO at War With Reds By BAUKHAGE /Veit’s Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. HUNTER COLLEGE. The Bronx, N Y.—Fifteen minutes ago the ses sion of the security council of the United Nations adjourned and the attractive room which it is hard to believe was ever the gymnasium of Hunter college in the northern lati tudes of New York City, is almost empty. Since 11 o’clock the council mem bers have been at their places at the curving table on the platform and every seat in the "audience” has been filled. The first 40 persons to line up at the gates are given seats. Tickets are issued only to those with some plausible reason to hold them. Some of the "visitors” remain and the marine guards are still on duty while other attendants clear away the various impediments before each place from the Russian ambassador’s at one end, to the Polish delegate’s at the other. After each day’s performance the actors and the audience in this play are soon far from the brown and rose room of Hunter college, but for a long time there are scores of busy men and women. They are the people whose busi ness it is to report this drama and Duna up opinion strong enough to discourage war. I refer to the mem bers of the press, radio, the news reels, the photog raphers, the sound - recorders. As I sit here they are gathering up their notes and memorada, making quick contacts before delegates get away, pulling off head-sets, pack Baukhage lug up Ldiucids auu n ipvuo-auu then perhaps pausing for refresh ments in the “press lounge’’ espe cially installed in the basement of the gymnasium where their quar ters are located. UN Recognizes Popular Interest I have covered many interna tional gatherings from the peace con ference of Paris after World War I and none has given as much pro portional attention to providing the necessary facilities for bringing the proceedings to the citizens of the world as this gathering at Hunter college. Of course the council is relatively small and the army of reporters seems large in comparison to its scant 11 members, the secretary and assistant secretary general and the various advisors. The fact that the principals are so few increases the informality and the feeling of intimacy which seems to exist be tween the organization and the group of men and women who ob serve, record and report its doings. Along the wall, opposite the coun cil table at gallery level are a row of glass windows, the booths of the American radio networks, the BBC, and some separate stations. In a glassed-in-corner behind and to the left of the table are radio engineers and the equipment which records all the spoken words of the mem bers. At any moment a speaker may be cut in and heard by lis teners on any of the networks. At special points of vantage there are places for taking movie and still photographs. Whenever some dra matic moment arrives you can see the Klieg lights slowly rise (and the busiest delegate is likely to straight en his tie, take off or put on his glasses) while the moving picture cameras grind. Most of the speaking by the dele gates, except when formal state ments are read, is done from notes or completely ad lib and since all of the members speak either English or French the pauses for interpreting are short—either into French or English, except when Am bassador Gromyko speaks in Rus sian. These words must be inter preted into both French and Eng lish and Gromyko doesn’t hesitate to stop the interpreter and give his own English translation if he doesn’t like the interpreter’s choice of words. He could speak in Eng lish himself if he wanted to but probably wants the Russian for the record for home consumption. Eventually when the permanent meeting place is established the sys tem employed at Nuernberg will be used—earphones and simultaneous translation. This slows down the speakers but is much more rapid in the long run making repetition of an entire speech unnecessary some times twice or sometimes three times, as at San Francisco. But here at Hunter the business moves with a briskness that adds to the in formality. • • • May Leave Reds On Political Limb I never realized before that New York was NOT an "early” town. When transportation is normal I can buy a New York newspaper in Washington on my way to work. On the other hand in New York at the same hour (7:30) I found there were no newsstands open be tween the club where I stayed on 57th street to the subway station, nor in the subway where I got on, or where I got off, 40 minutes later. Of course the crowds were pour ing southward in the subway at that hour and they had been able to buy their papers when they got on, but in the normally busy area of the 50’s the natives were not abroad in suf ficient numbers at 7:30 to justify the presence of news vendors. On the streets at the end of my run which is about 200th street (Kingsbridge station in the Bronx) the stands were open and most of the people who bumped against me as I reached for the staid Times and the Republican Herald Trib une, were buying the left-wing PM. PM can’t be called Communist since Editor Ingersoll is not a Com munist but while he was off to the wars it hewed pretty close to the party line. The Daily Worker, however, is considered to express the official “wishes” of the Com munist party and, according to most of the other newspapers these "wishes" come direct from the Kremlin—or maybe next door. Heretofore the Communists have supported the American Labor par ty which is a New York party which in general embraced Democratic, New Deal, CIO supporters and had the co-operation of the Communists. Now the war is on between the CIO and the Communists and ructions are expected to arise in any cor ner. I Nevertheless, when the Russian delegate walked out of the United Nations security council meeting, it was said that until he walked back the American Labor-CIO planning board had decided to withhold sup port of Senator Mead, Democratic possibility in the race for the New York state governorship. This move was looked upon by conservative papers like the SUN as if the Amer ican Labor party were willing to plan its political strategy according to the attitude of Moscow toward the United Nations. Since in the council meeting when the Iran af fair came up Secretary of State Byrnes led the fight against the Russian stand. The fact that he lat er offered the resolution which la beled the Russian reply as satisfac tory and postponed the discussion of Iran in which Ambassador Gromyko had refused to take part beyond the time that the Russians themselves had demanded, the left wingers went to bed satisfied. However critics of the American Labor party and the CIO still insist that they are now on record as hav ing tried to line up American votes to please a foreign power. What the repercussions of this little flur ry will be remain to be seen. If this is supposed to be an evidence of left-wing displeasure over the Dem ocratic administration’s foreign pol icy and subsequent events have not removed that displeasure, the ques tion remains, where will the left wingers go? John Lewis, whose love for the Democrats evaporated when he couldn’t collect on his generous do nation to the Roosevelt campaign fund, is expected to become a hun dred per cent Republican when it comes to the next presidential elec tion. It would take a great stretch of the imagination, however, to visu alize either the communist append age of CIO, of the non-Communist CIO-PAC head, Sydney Hillman, embracing the elephant. It has al ready been demonstrated that the Communists are becoming anything but an asset to the Democratic par ty and Hillman probably would be glad to get rid of them. Where the Communists will go is a question. It is not likely that they and such fellow travelers as are willing to travel with them would essay a third party. But politicians hereabouts believe that they will be able to shift their weight about in such a manner as to upset more than one state and congressional political apple-cart. BARBS . . . by Baukhage Administration housing experts want to hold up construction on non essential stores, office buildings, factories, roadhouses and amuse ment projects until veterans homes are taken care of. There’ll be screams of anguish over that. Try to get anybody to admit that his shop, his theatre or his doghouse is ; not essential. The Kurds again making trouble in the middle east mustn’t be con fused with the kind Little Miss Muf fet ate ... or drank. That kind of curd is the thick part of the milk as distinguished from the watery part, and the Kurds with a "K” are distinguishable from either by the fact that they are ‘‘belligerent Mos lem nomads.” Sweet Potato Variety Good Starch Source Large Yield Makes It A Profitable Farm Crop By W. J. DRYDEN The sweet potato is fast taking its place as the main source of starch. This is largely due to the fact that starch can be produced or extracted easily from sweet potatoes and of the large volume that can be produced per acre. Starch and its derivatives are used in the production of almost Starch potato, right, and ordi nary yam at left. The yam weighs a pound and a half, the starch potato weighs more than 7 pounds, some grow as much as 18 pounds. every item of commerce — from cream puffs to dynamite. In the wastelands of the Florida Ever glades. the United States Sugar cor poration is carrying on vast opera tions in the producing and manu facture of sweet potato starch. They now have requirements for 40 freight cars of sweet potatoes daily. The starch sweet potato is a spe cial variety developed and tested for years. It grows as large as a man’s head and contain a much higher starch content than the table varie ties. The yields are from 500 to 700 bushels per acre. By-products are also important. Pulp stock-feed production as well as the vines for livestock feed have high nutritive value. The waste wa ter is decomposed and gas used in power plant, the solids producing a high quality fertilizer. Not only for Florida, but other sections where climate and soil pro duction is suitable, this industry will prove of increasing interest and value to farmers. It has proved finan cially sound and the need for this quality starch is ever increasing. Improved Machinery Picking Machines Feather pickers for big produc- I tion work improves quality. This automatic rubber finger pick ing machine will remove many of the feathers from the birds after they pass out of the scalder; it is a product of E. J. Albright company, Chicago. The square, semi-soft gum rubber fingers lay flat against the carcass in pulling feathers. It is sturdy enough to stand continuous usage and operated with a one h. p. motor. Bloat Superstitions Fallen by Wayside Many of the old notions about bloat have fallen by the wayside, in the wake of recent research, according to the American Veterinary Medi cal association. For example, bloat in sheep and cattle results from greater accumulation, not exces sive production, of gases. Exploded also is the theory that alfalfa, clover and other legumes are more in clined to generate gases within an animal than the common pasture grasses. Also headed for the discard is the belief that death is caused by in tense pressures exerted by gases within the paunch. Instead, scien tific research shows that it is prac tically impossible to kill animals through such pressure. Of the five principal gases generated within the paunch, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sltilflde are the two with poisonous properties. Even slightly increased quantities of either, at time of bloating, is sufficient to cause death, which probably results from distention of the paunch walls. WANTED TO BUY WE HAVE BEYERS FOR GOOD FARMS in Eastern Nebraska and western Iowa. We have sold farms in this territory consistently for over 25 years. All nego tiations ethically handled. Write us des cription and price. JOHN P. CLAASSEN COMPANY. S16 Electric Bldg. Omaha. Nebr. FARMS—RANCHES FOR SALE FARMS. RANCHES, and personal prop erty turned quickly into cash. Success ful selling service since 1912. Estates, and the larger holdings our speciality. If you have a farm or ranch you wish to sell in 1946, get in touch with us NOW—for the best results. NEBRASKA REALTY AUCTION CO.. 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