Serve Cake for Your Sunday Best (See Recipes Below) Distinctive Cakes Homemakers will approach the task of deciding desserts more light heartedly when there’s a luscious cake stored away in the mys terious recesses of the cupboard. Besides, it's an elegant idea to have cakes on hand in case un expected guests drop in. Then, too, those of you who want to raise money for your church or Club group might want to haye a sale of home-baked goods. Cakes, of course, will bring handsome prof its if the cakes are light and feathery, and frosted beautifully. When making a cake, try using a cake or pastry flour. These flours, made of soft wheat, contain less gluten than all-purpose flour, and will give cake a better, softer tex ture. Follow the methods given, either that of creaming the shorten ing and sugar, or using the one bowl method. Recipes must be test ed for each type of method, and it Is best to use the directions as they are given here. All the cake recipes have been tested for freshness. You’ll find they keep exceedingly well when covered or kept in a cake tin. From the south comes this yum my cake with the unusual flavor of pecans in its base: Pecan Cake. I cups pecans, flnely ground « eggs 1 cup sugar 1 tablespoon flour H teaspoon salt t teaspoon baking powder 1 teaspoon vanilla Beat the egg yolks until light, add sugar gradually. Add nuts to the flour which has been sifted with salt and baking powder. Stir in stiffly-beaten egg whites and flavor ing. Pour into two eight-inch pans which have been well greased and lined with greased waxed paper. Bake in a moderate oven (350 de grees) for 35 to 40 minutes. Top light ly with sweetened whipped cream and fresh fruit. Bananas, pineapple, raspberries and strawberries are a treat! If you want a cake with a melt ln-your-mouth quality try a spice cane muue wim sour cream and a flne combination of spices. There’s interesting tex ture and flavor given from the mashed bananas uiai go imo me case iiku. Spice Cake. H cup butter or shortening IH cups brown sugar 4 egfm 5 bananas, mashed fine LYNN SAYS When You Buy, Take Care: If you are selecting poultry, see that the bird is plump, Arm and well rounded. The skin should be smooth and without discoloration. Clear, even yellow-white color is best. Avoid birds that look ex tremely blue or gray. Look for a flexible breast bone, smooth feet and claws for roasting, broiling or frying purposes. In buying fish, be sure that the flesh is firmly attached to the ' backbone. This flesh should , show no mark when pressed with the thumb. There will be little fishy smell if the fish is really fresh. The eyes should be clear and bulging, not sunken. Vegetables should be firm, full bodied and fresh appearing. Guard against wilted, shriveled tops, and bruises. Any vegeta bles which are in the pod should be moist, not dry. Look for fruits that are es fresh as possible—firm and full-bodied, (t is best to buy by weight rath er than by bunches or the dozen. LYNN CHAMBERS’ MEND IDEAS Macaroni-Cheese Loaf Tossed Carrot Salad Green Peas Whole Wheat Bread Jam or Jelly Ice Cream with Butterscotch Sauce Beverage 1 cup sour milk 2 teaspoons cinnamon % teaspoon each, nutmeg, allspice, cloves 2% cups cake flour 3 teaspoons baking powder Cream together the butter and su gar, add beaten egg yolks and bananas. Sift dry ingredients and add alternately with the milk. Fold in stiffly beaten egg whites. Bake in layer cake pans or large oblong pan. Marshmallow Icing. Combine 2 unbeaten egg whites with lt4 cups granulated sugar. Add 1% teaspoons corn syrup and 5 ta blespoons water. Cook rapidly over boiling water for seven minutes, beating constantly with a rotary beater. Then add 8 marshmallows which have been softened over hot water. Add 1 teaspoon vanilla ex tract and beat until icing stands in peaks. Spread on cooled cake and dot primly with bits of maraschino or candied cherries. If you want to save time and energy, you will want to use this frosty lemon cake right away. It’s made in one bowl and requires only accurate measurements and a specified ouiuuiiv ui ut'uuii^ ume. Frosty Lemon Cake. 2 cups sifted cake Hour 1% cups sugar 394 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt 94 cup shortening 1 cup milk 194 teaspoons vanilla 3 egg whites, unbeaten Put dry ingredients—flour, sugar, baking powder, salt and shortening —in one large bowl. Add about % of the milk, then vanilla and beat until smooth. Add remaining milk and egg whites before 100 strokes have been completed. Scrape bowl and spoon often during mixing. The batter will be quite thin, but very smooth. Bake in two greased 8-inch cake tins in a moderate oven (350 degrees) 30 to 35 minutes. Spread lemon filling between the layers and dust with powdered sugar. Lemon Filling. 94 cup sugar 3 tablespoons flour A teaspoon salt % cup lemon juice Crated rind of 1 lemon Vt cup water 3 egg yolks, slightly beaten Mix sugar, flour, salt together. Add lemon juice and rind and mix well. Add water and egg yolks. Blend carefully. Place over hot wa ter and cook until smooth and thick, stirring constantly (about 13 minutes). Cool and spread between cake layers. Chocolate Cake Filling. 1 square unsweetened chocolate 94 cup milk 6 tablespoons sugar 2 tablespoons flour 94 teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon butter 1 teaspoon vanilla 94 cep cream, whipped Add chocolate to milk in double boiler. When chocolate is melted, beat with a rotary egg beater until well blended. Combine sugar, floe, and salt and add gradually to choco late mixture. Cook until thickened, stirring constantly. Then cook five minutes, stirring occasionally. Add butter and vanilla Chill thoroughly, then fold in whipped cream. Note: 94 cup chopped walnut meats may be added to the above filling. RvKaaed by Weatern Nawipaper Union REPORT ON THE RUSSIANS. W. L. White INSTALLMENT EIGHT Considering only military effec tives, the miracle is that any Ger man soldier was able to set foot on Russian soil. They were able to penetrate to the suburbs of Moscow and Leningrad and range as far as the Caucasus (1,500 miles from Ber lin) not only because of Russia’s technical poverty and the disorgan ized state of her industrial develop ment, but also because at the time the Red Army lacked experienced officers. Her initial air force, for in stance, could not compare in quality with that of the Germans. Much of it was smashed in the first few weeks of fighting. If the Russian air force is primi tive, this is no reflection on the skill of Russian pilots, who rank among the world’s best. But Rus sia lacks the skill to turn out good planes. Of all branches of any air force, long-range bombers such as the British Lancaster and the Amer ican Fortress and Liberator require the highest degree of industrial skill for production and operation in large numbers. They are almost totally absent in the Red Air Force. Russian pilots ranked among world's best. The men who plan the Red Air Force have skillfully designed it around the country’s many short ages; they have concentrated on production of the Stormovik. a slow, low altitude strafing plane. Since this efficient little tank buster usu ally operates at treetop level, the Soviet fighters which protect it have no need for high altitude equip ment. Of the 10,000 planes which Amer ica has delivered to the Soviet Union the Russians like best the Bell Aira cobra, which is a light, low altitude, ground co-operation plane, similar in function to the Stormovik. It is standard Red Air Force procedure Immediately to remove all high al titude flying equipment from most American planes, replacing the weight with extra ammunition. Lacking night fighters and radar, Soviet targets within range of the Luftwaffe are particularly vulnera ble to night bombing, and the stand ard Russian method of defense is ground fire from anti-aircraft bat teries, such as was used to protect Moscow. However, lacking radar to guide their fire, the gunners can shoot only at the sound, which is a rough indication not of where the bomber is, but where it was sev eral seconds ago. Therefore, to be effective, batteries must be massed about the target, vomiting continu ous fountains of fire during a raid, an expensive procedure. Katyn Forest is near Smolensk and is the grave of some 10,000 Poles, mostly officers, who were shot in the back of the head. Whether this slaughter of helpless war prisoners was done by Russians or Germans, there is violent disagrsement and evidence both ways. uuucioiauu uic complexity oi the case, a little history is neces sary. When in 1939, the Germans and Russians divided Poland, the Russian share of the loot included more than 180,000 prisoners of war, of whom 10,000 were officers. A few were generals. The most distin guished of these, including General Anders, were confined to Moscow's Lubianka prison. The rest of the 10,000 officers were sent to three prison camps in the Russian towns of Starobielsk, Kozielsk, and Osta szkov. These camps housed twelve Polish generals, sixty-nine colonels, seventy-two lieutenant colonels and in all 5,131 regular army officers and 4,096 reserve officers. Few of the last had been captured in com bat. Most of them had not yet been called up for duty, but, when Rus sia occupied her half of Poland, obeyed the Soviet summons to as semble. The Polish officers were reason ably well treated at the three camps until April, 1940, when the Soviets began evacuating them, telling the men they might be sent back to their homes. They left in groups of from twenty to sixty every few days during April and early May. What became of them after that, the Poles have a few clues. Most of the 10,000 vanished from the earth except for 400 who were finally tak en to a camp at Gryazovets. On June 22, 1941, Hitler attacked Russia. The Polish government in London immediately offered the hand of friendship to the Soviets, suggesting the formation from pris oners of war in Russian hands, of a Polish army. The Soviets accept ed. General Anders was released from his prison cell, installed in a comfortable hotel room with apolo gies, and with Soviet co-operation began forming his army. Poles, released from prison camps all over the Soviet Union, began flocking to his headquarters, but there were almost no officers. General Anders was at first not alarmed, believing that they prob ably had been transferred to some far-away Arctic labor camp and presently would turn up. But as months went by and not one addi tional officer reported he became concerned. November of 1941, Polish Ambas sador Kot interviewed Stalin on this perplexing problem. The Marshal appeared genuinely astonished. In Kot’s presence, he rang up the NKVD and said the prisoners who had been in those three camps should be released at once. A month passed, during which the Poles were collecting, from the 400 survivors of the three camps, a list of the names of their missing broth er officers. On December 4, when Stalin received Generals Sikorski and Anders, they took with them an incomplete list of 4,500 names. This time Stalin expressed no surprise or indignation. The Poles felt he an swered evasively, suggesting that the 10,000 officers might have re turned to German occupied Poland or fled over the Manchurian border. Knowing how closely the NKVD su pervises all travel in Russia, It was difficult for the two Polish generals to believe such a large number of officers could have accomplished this journey undetected. Picking up his telephone. Stalin called General Pamfilov at NKVD headquarters, again issuing orders to release all Poles who had ever been in the three camps. More time passed but not an of ficer turned up. A really disturbing rumor began to circulate. A few months before the German attack on Russia, the NKVD assembled several Polish staff officers, including a Colonel Berling, and suggested to them that possibly a Polish army might be or ganized to fight the Germans. At a conference with Russian NKVD of ficials, Beria and Merkulov, Colo nel Berling agreed, provided it was organized ‘irrespective of political creeds,” and then added that, at the three officers’ prison camps, “we have excellent army cadres.” Whereupon, Merkulov answered quickly, with some embarrassment, “No, not these men. We have made a great blunder in connection with them.” Only rumors, perhaps, but they disturbed the Poles. Then on April 13, 1943, the Ger man radio announced that in Katyn Forest, near Smolensk, which they then held, they had discovered mass graves of about 10,000 Polish of ficers, each killed with a bullet through the back of his head. They said Russian peasants in the vicin ity told them these prisoners of war were murdered by the NKVD in the spring of 1940, giving dates corre sponding closely to the time the prison camps had been evacuated. The Germans also claimed that let ters and papers found in the cloth ing, as well as the condition of the bodies, indicated that the men had been murdered in the spring of 1940. Names announced over the Ger man radio corresponded with those of Polish officers missing from the three camps. jvhuiu muav-uw IUUK CU($(U£dIlCe OI the German charges in a bitter broadcast saying "These German lies reveal the fate of Polish officers whom the Germans employed in construction work in that region.” Russian news agency, Tass, issued a communique explaining that these Polish prisoners, who had been em ployed by the Russians on construc tion work west of Smolensk, had been captured by the Germans dur ing the Soviet retreat in the summer of 1941. This explanation did not satisfy all Poles. Their officers had been evacuated in April, 1940. Ever since the Russo-German break in June of 1941, the Polish government had been trying to get from the Rus sians some hint as to where they had been taken. Only after this Ger man broadcast do they learn from the Soviet government that the of ficers had been taken to the Katyn Forest region, with the additional statement that in 1941 they were cap tured and murdered by the Ger mans. On April 26, the Soviet govern ment broke off relations with the Polish government in London, and set up in Moscow her own “Union of Polish Patriots” which, accord ing to the London Polish govern ment, was made up of Polish Com 1 munists unknown to the people of Poland. The Red Army reoccupled Katyn, and on January 22, 1944, issued a communique saying that a Soviet in vestigating commission had been called to settle, once and for all, the Katyn Forest dispute. The Russian Commission was a 100 per cent Soviet picnic. Their experts — distinguished Russian academicians—determined that the Germans, following their occupation of Smolensk, had carried out the mass shootings in the autumn of 1941, and in 1943, "calculating to set Russians and Poles at loggerheads, tried to ascribe this crime to the Soviet government.” The Russians charged that in the spring of 1943 the Germans had even brougtft to Katyn Forest, Polish bodies from other dis tricts, and had used 500 Russian prisoners of war in the work of re moving from the Polish bodies all documents which would incriminate the Nazis and substituting docu ments which would tend to incrim inate the Russians, after which the Germans had shot the Soviet war prisoners. The evidence of German guilt, gathered by the Soviet Commission answers all questions but this one: if the Polish officers were still alive in the summer of 1941 and could be captured by the Germans, why were the Poles not told this at once? Why were important Polish govern ment officials allowed to go wild goose-chasing all over the Soviet Union for nearly two years in search of their army’s officers, when the Russians knew the men were already in German hands? An observant reporter noticed that one Polish body was clad in long, heavy underwear, and mentioned it to the Soviet doctor in charge. The doctor remarked that most of the bodies wore either heavy under wear, or overcoats, or both. That pointed to the theory that these Poles must have been shot during April, 1940, as the Germans claimed, rather than in August and September, 1941, after the Germans moved in, as the Soviet government was contending. When this point was raised with the Soviet conducting officers, there was considerable confusion and the Russians finally argued that the cli mate of Poland is uncertain, so that fur overcoats and long under wear might be worn in September. If a reporter would write “I AM NOT A MEDICAL EXPERT BUT DOCTORS SAY the condition of these bodies proves they were mur dered by the Germans,” the cen sorship would strike out the qualify ing phrase (capitalized), leaving only the bare charge. Also stricken out were all phrases indicating any doubt in the corre spondents’ minds—such words as “in my opinion,” “probably,” or “evidence we were shown would tend to prove," with the result that the stories as received in America were as firmly damning of the Ger mans as Pravda’s editorials. In 1939, when the Anglo-French Military Mission was in Moscow try ing to negotiate an alliance with the Soviet Union one of the Soviet de Russians improved the technique of paratroops that they created. mands was the right, under certain circumstances, to occupy the three Baltic States. The British demurred. When I was in London in February of 1940, an intelligent young man in their foreign office gave me their posi- j tion. “Here we are,” he said, “suppos edly defending the rights of small European nations. We could hardly start by delivering three of them to the Russians as a price for their al liance. We have to consider opinion in the States. What would you peo ple have said to that?” “They would have been in favor of almost anything you had to do to win the war without their having to get in,” 1 said, and I still think I was right. (TO BE CONTINUED) 3 SEWIISC CIRCLE NEEDLECRAFT Gay Cross-Stitched Kitchen Towels '' W'«W\'k ^ AFTER dinner, dishes are fun to do when you’ve towels em broidered with these gay sunbon net girls and colorful balloons! Simple stitchery. • • • Sunbonnet girls look like applique—are easy cross-stitch I Pattern 7320 has trans fer of 6 motifs averaging 6 by 8Vi inches. Due to an unusually large demand and current conditions, slightly more time is required in filling orders for a few of the most popular pattern number*. Send your order to; Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept. 564 W. Randolph St. Chicago 80, III. Enclose 16 cents for Pattern Name_ Address. New York City Buries Its Paupers in Big Trenches New York City buries weekly an average of 200 bodies of paupers, unknowns and still-born babies in its potter’s field on Hart’s island, says Collier’s. As about 65 of them a year are later sought by rela tives or friends for reburial in a private cemetery, the city main tains a descriptive record of all bodies and a numbering system so they can be readily located and exhumed. They are buried in large trenches, each of which contains the coffins of 200 adults or 6,000 infants. 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