,_WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
U. S. Code Interceptions Bared
Jap War Plans; Attlee Outlines
Labor Party Economic Program
____________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. .
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are repressed In these columns they are those of
Western Newspaper l n I on's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
■■■■■■■nkmhmhhb, ii—ii hi mill mi i
As Joint U. 8.-British commission studies Palestine problem, Jewish
youth parade in Jerusalem in protest against restriction ot Immigration
into Holy Land.
PEARL HARBOR:
Code Secrets
1 As the Pearl Harbor investigation
got underway at Washington. D. C.,
before a Joint 10-man congres
sional committee, intercepted mes
sages placed in the records dis
closed that U. S. intelligence offi
cers hud cracked the secret Japa
nese code a year before the start of
the war.
While the early intercepted mes
sages dealt with ship movements,
chief interest centered in the diplo
matic documents dating from July
2, 1941, when Tokyo told Berlin that
Japan would work for its “greater
East Asia co-prosperity sphere" re
gardless of the world situation.
On November 22, Tokyo advised
Nomura and Kurusu, Jap envoys
negotiating in Washington with Sec
retary of State Hull, that it had
been decided to set November 29 as
the final date for effecting an agree
ment, after which things would
“automatically . . . happen” in case
of failure. Then on November 26,
Nomura told Tokyo of Hull's ulti
matum and the improbability of
reaching a settlement.
On November 30, Tokyo informed
Berlin of the imminence of war with j
the U. S. and later relayed the same
message to Rome. Meanwhile,
Tokyo warned its consulates on De
cember 3 to be on guard for the
“winds" messages in short wave ra
dio broadcasts indicating rupture of
relations with the Allies. The “east
wind, rain” message (meaning war
with the U. S.) then came through
on December 3.
Among the last messages decoded
were Tokyo’s reply to Hull’s ultima
tum on December 6. with final in
structions for presentation to the
U. S. at 1 p. m. the following day
coming in on the morning of De
cember 7. Dated December 7, a Jap
message from Budapest, Hungary,
to Tokyo stated that the American
minister to that country had pre
sented its government with a com
munique from the British that 4
state of war would break out on the
seventh.
BIG TALK:
Reassures U. S.
In the nation's capital to discuss
disposition of the horrific atom bomb
and touchy international questions,
British Prime Minister Attlee also
found time to address congress and
outline the democratic objectives of
his labor party just as negotiations
for a multi-billion dollar loan from
the U. S. were materializing.
Aimed at helping Britain get its
export • Import trade functioning
again and lighten the load of six bil
lion dollars of debts to wartime cred
itors, the projected multi-billion dol
lar advance was attacked in some
circles as an aid to the labor party
in socializing the United Kingdom.
In addressing congress, Attlee de
clared that British businesses were
only to be nationalized when they
had grown into monopolies detri
mental to the economy.
No radical in speech or appear
ance, the short, mild-mannered,
mustached British leader described
the labor party as a representative
cross-section of liberal English so
ciety, with professional and business
men, and even aristocrats, joining
with the working classes in its mem
bership.
In determining to retain the secret
of the know-how of harnessing the
atom. President Truman and Attlee
declared that until effective safe
guards were set up against its de
structive use, no advantage would
come from sharing its use. To work
out such safeguards permitting ex
change of vital information on atom
ic energy for industrial purposes,
the Big Two recommended the crea
tion of a United Nations commis
sion.
As revealed by Foreign Minister
Bevin In the house of commons re
cently, Britain has expressed deep
concern over Russian demands for
trusteeship of Eritrea and Tripoli
tania in the Near East, and estab
lishment of a naval base in the
Dodecanese islands, inasmuch as
these territories lie athwart the
famed "life-line” of the empire
through the Mediterranean and Suez
canal.
Coincident with Attlee's visit to
Washington was the U. S. and Brit
ish announcement that a joint com
mission of* tlie two countries would
undertake a study of the ticklish
Jewish immigration question with a
view toward easing the plight of
European refugees.
Pressing importance of the is
sue was emphasized hy contin
ued Arab and Jewish riots in the
Near East, with scores killed
and wounded In widespread
demonstrations over the ques
tion of making Palestine a na
tional homeland for the He
brews.
Because they have been banded
into a league 33 million strong
spread over the entire Near East,
with control over rich oil deposits
cherished by U. S. and British con
cerns, the Arabs have greatly com
plicated settlement of the Palestine
issue in view of their stubborn oppo
sition to large-scale Jewish immi
gration.
Taking the Arab objections Into
consideration, the Joint U. S. and
British commission will look into
the question of whether heavy im
migration would upset the Arabs'
political and economic position in
Palestine. Consideration also was
to be given to providing remedial
action in Europe itself and allow
ing immigration to other countries.
JAPAN:
Seek Trade
As the question of reconstituting
the Japanese economy arose, Nip
ponese uncials drew a pattern for
the nation's future trade relations
with the world by recommending a
barter system to facilitate immedi
ate imports of needed foodstuffs and
raw materials. Under terms of sur
render, Japan will not be permitted
to produce some of the items for
merly exported.
Under the Japanese proposal for
the resumption of trade, Nippon
would receive substantial amounts
of food, salt, cotton, copra, coal. Iron
ore and non-ferrous metals, in ex
change for gold, diamonds, silk, cot
ton goods, chemical products, med
ical supplies, machinery, hardware,
and tin.
The problem of recreating the
Japanese economy was pointed up
by revelation that the country had
been the sixth biggest prewar export
er, shipping out almost a billion
dollars worth of goods each year.
Of the total amount. China obtained
the largest part, with the U. S. and
India following.
Of the total amount, China ob
tained 27 2 per cent; the U. S., 18 2
per cent; India, 6 2 per cent; Great
Britain. 3.7 per cent; Latin America,
3 per cent; Australia, 2 per cent,
and Germany 0.7 per cent. Other
European and Asiatic countries
took 2.1 and 3.1 per cent of the re
mainder of exports respectively.
Predict Another Full Larder for U. S.
Total food available for civilians in 1946 will be considerably greater
than in 1945 with average food consumption per capita expected to be
larger than in 1945, the department of agriculture reported. All foods,
however, will not be equally plentiful, with pork, the better grades of beef
and veals, fats, oils and sugar In shorter supply.
Most of the expected improvement in civilian food supplies next year
stems from the sharp cutback in military food requirements, which will
drop to one-third or even one-quarter of the 1945 level. Exports and
shipments of food in 1946 will continue large, assuming that satisfactory
financial arrangements are completed. The greater part of these exports
will move in the early months of the year, mainly to the United King,
dom and the liberated areas of Eurooe.
FOOD:
Europe’s Need
As congress wrangled over appro
priation of $550,000,000 to complete
the original government pledge of
$1,350,000,000 to the United Nation*
Relief and Rehabilitation adminis
tration, and President Truman
asked for another $1,350,000,000 for
the agency, UNRRA officials abroad
estimated that liberated European
countries would need 9,000,000 tons
of foodstuffs this winter to avoid
starvation and serious malnutrition.
Because of interruptions in farm
ing caused by the war and drouth,
European agriculture will be able
to furnish metropolitan districts
with food assuring a daily Intake of
only 1,200 calories, UNRRA said.
Though receipt of 9,000,000 tons of
food would boost this figure to 2,000
calories, the diet still would fall be
low standard nutritional require
ments.
Investigations in Czechoslovakia,
Greece, Italy, Denmark, Holland,
Belgium, Yugoslavia and Norway
revealed that there was a pressing
need for feed to help rebuild the
cattle and dairy industries, serious
ly depleted by butchering of con
quering armies and the diversion
of grains to human consumption.
Having already shipped 2,400 cows
to southern and eastern Europe,
UNRRA plans additional substantial
monthly deliveries through the win
ter.
Meanwhile, American grain mar
kets boomed upon the prospect of
heavy demand in the coming months,
with cash and December rye a sen
sational leader on the Chicago Board
of Trade.
Cash rye held a substantial mar
gin over cash wheat, what with dis
tillers scrambling for the grain in
view of a shortage of corn and sor
ghum, while the December future
soored to almost $1.90 a bushel, top
ping December wheat for the first
time since 1921.
Another bullish factor in the mar
ket was an estimated drop of 287,
000,000 bushels in the 1944 rye crop
in Europe where the grain is an im
portant bread staple, and smaller
supplies in both the U. S. and Can
ada.
Because of the slowness in deliv
ery of grain to coastal ports, many
experts feared exports in the early
half of 1946 might fall below ex
pectations. Railroads clamped on
emergency demurrage charges in
an effort to speed up unloading of
box cars to ease the situation.
‘Sonny’ Sets Fast Pace
To the question of what makes Ells
worth ("Sonny") Wisecarver, 16, so ir
resislab/e to women older than him,
Mrs. Eleanor Deveny, 24. who figured
in his latest romantic interlude, mused:
"Dream man—Ideal companion—Per
fect lover."
Mother of two children and wife of an
army corporal serving in Jiifxin, Mrs.
Deveny eloped with “Sonny" following
mi Iitfii “ i t tumm* WAifoMui
Mrs. Deveny and "Sonny.”
a meeting at the home of a mutual
friend. Two years ago, Mrs. Elaine
Monfredi, 22, and also the mother of
two children, ran off with young ITise
carver in his first amorous episode.
In elaborating on "Sonny's" attributes,
Mrs. Deveny asserted: “I'd like to take
care of him the rest of my life. . . . He’s \
good, considerate and older than his
years." She would not return to her
husband, she said.
CHINA:
Friendly Enemies
Once deadly enemies. Chinese na
tionalists and Japanese troops have
become brothers in arms in north- ;
ern China, where Nipponese forces j
have been employed by the central I
government for the protection of vi- J
tal territory and railroads againsi
communist attack.
While the Japanese actively aided
the nationalists in their drive to se
cure a foothold in the north, U. S. |
marines kept their distance in the
bloody strife between Chiang Kai- '
shek's troops and the Reds, being
ordered only to guard American
lives and property in the battle zone.
Meanwhile, the nationalists pressed !
their advantage with lend-lease sup
plies originally destined for use
against the Japanese.
Though fighting raged throughout
the whole northern area, attention
was riveted on nationalist attempts
to smash into the industrial province
of Manchuria, which the commu
nists reportedly planned to convert
into a military stronghold Early
fighting centered around Shanhaik
wan. gateway city to Manchuria
lying at the eastern end of the Great
Wall.
G.I. INSURANCE:
Too much high pressure on
draftees when they took out govern
ment life insurance on entering the
service and not enough saleunan
ship now to get them to keep it after
discharge, are the main reasons why
three out of hur veterans are laps
ing their insurance, according to a
study by Northwestern National Life
Insurance company.
World War II service insurance is
less flexible and carries fewer privi
leges than government insurance for
veterans of World War I.
Attitude Against Postwar |
Service Sways Congress j
Public Joins Influential Organizations in
Objections to Training; Need for
Interim Security Force Argued.
■< By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W.
Washington, 1>- C.
In the days that followed Presi
dent Truman’s message to congress
urging universal military training
we, in Washington, waited to see if
there would be an echo to the Presi
dent's words spoken so earnestly but
with so little effect on the audience
before him. There was an echo all
right but it was an emphatic rumble
of negation.
I wasn’t surprised — I read my
listeners' letters.
It was interesting to see the way
the members of congress reacted to
the President's message as he de
livered it. I watched them with one
eye on the text of his speech as I
stood squeezed into the crowd in
the gallery of the house.
Varied Reaction
To Proposal
Here are some of the sentences
which I checked as bringing re
sponse:
" , , . above all else, we are
strong because of the courage and
vigor and skill of a liberty-loving
people who are determined that this
nation shall remain forever free."
(Applause). Well, that was a gen
eral, non-compromising sentiment.
Nothing to do with the subject in
hand.
There was the statement that we
didn't lack faith in the United Na
tions organization, “on the contrary
with all we have, we intend to back
our obligations and commitments
under the United Nations charter.”
(Mild applause, this time.)
Then came the response to the
first direct appeal for the measure
in hand. The President said: “The
surest way to guarantee that no na
tion will attack us is to remain
strong in the only kind of strength
an aggressor can understand—mili
tary power.” Applause again but I
had the feeling it was for the senti
ment and not the suggested means
of implementing it.
When he said that "the basic
reason for military training” is to
guarantee safety and freedom from
an aggressor, there was another
demonstration, but not quite as ener
getic and many members, I noted,
refrained from any applause at all.
The last note is the most em
phatic. “Good applause” followed
the President’s affirmation that "un
til we are assured that our peace
machinery is functioning adequately,
we must relentlessly preserve our
superiority on land and sea and in
the air." But that is just what the
congress is not willing to do because
it believes the country Is not willing
to have them do it. I am sure of
that because I know they have been
receiving, as I have, far more let
ters against military training than
in favor of it.
Mutt Sell
Public Program
Today, a man who keeps his An
gers on the pulse of congress as
sures me that there will never be a
universal military training act until
a great deal more ‘’selling" has
been done by those who believe in
It. than has been attempted so far.
This man, like the writer, is a
convert to the cause, so his expres
sion was the reverse of wishful
thinking. Both of us, though mem
bers of the American Legion, never
favored their program for universal
service urged upon congress, be
ginning shortly after the last war.
‘‘There is too much organized op
position,” my friend said, "such
powerful influences as the federal
council of churches, some influential
members of the Catholic church,
virtually all of labor so far (and
this includes the CIO and the AFL
which often nu’lify each other's ef
forts) the colleges and the unorgan
ized group which might be called
simply 'the mothers.* ”
Where do the returned veterans
stand? It is too early to say. If they
follow in their fathers' footsteps they
will eventually vote for prepared
ness. It is the tendency of men who
have seen service to place a high
value on thorough preliminary
training But they will not become
vocal until they join the ranks of the
World War I veteran organizations
or build others of their own.
There is, howev< another force
which may change the picture — a
change in the international set-up
whtch will inject the element of
fear Into the people’s attitude and
since fear starts the adrenalin flow
ing that usually means action.
Meanwhile, there are those who
feel that complete preparedness not
only is essential in the interim, even
though a future world security or
ganization is moving swiftly to
fruition, but that it will also act as
a stimulus toward such a goal.
The argument runs briefly: We
must prepare to enforce peace, or
prepare to fight a war. Many mem
bers of congress realize this and
would undoubtedly support the
President’s program if they felt they
could do so without flying in the
face of the majority opinion of their
constituents. I do not intend to use
this column as a platform upon
which to debate the issue now but I
would like to present a viewpoint
expressed by a medical man which
made considerable impression on
the comparatively few Washington
ians who heard him address a re
cent meeting in the capitol. The
speaker was Dr. G. B. Chisholm,
one of the world’s foremost psy
chiatrists, who served as chief medi
cal officer of the Canadian army
and is now deputy health minister of
Canada.
Maturity Needed
For Peace
His thesis is that "this is a sick
world, with an old, chronic but ever
more extensive and serious sick
ness. Its sickness has recently be
come acutely dangerous and the fu
ture is uncertain indeed."
It is a sickness which has made
us "the kind of people" who fight
major wars every 15 or 20 years
The cure is education. Just as in
dividuals become neurotic because
they are not mature, and thus are
unable to cope with the situations
they must meet, so the world has
developed a behaviour pattern
which produces something which no
body wants: war.
We must have enough people who
can show tolerance, be patient, and
above all have the ability to com
promise. These are qualities of ma
turity, Dr. Chisholm points out, and
people, mature in this sense,
would not want to start wars and
would prevent other people from
starting them.
But the doctor realizes that edu
cation will not produce such matur
ity in one generation. But such a
state must be realized or we face
one of two alternatives. Either we
must become a race of trained
killers, or a race of slaves.
Until we can achieve education
sufficient to avoid such horrible
fates, "for so long as it may take
to change the bringing up of chil
dren enough in this world, our close
watch on each and everyone in the
world should not be relaxed for a
moment." The first step in eradicat
ing war is an attainable stopgap.
Dr. Chisholm believes. Security
must be achieved and the valid
fear of aggression eliminated. This
means legislation backed by imme
diately available combined force
prepared to suppress ruthlessly any
appeal to force by any peoples of
the world. The administration of
such a force is a delicate problem
but it can be devised if and when
the great power really wants it.
The second step would be to pro
vide the opportunity for all peoples
to live on economic levels which do
not vary too widely, either geo
graphically or by groups within a
population. This means a redistribu
tion of material. This is possible
since there are enough resources
in the world to go around.
It is impossible in this space to do
justice to Dr. Chisholm’s views but
the main points are these: he feels
that man has developed one consist
ent pattern of behaviour which
causes him to indulge in a major
war at frequent intervals; that go
ing to war represents immaturity;
that immaturity can only be cured
by education beginning at childhood
with an accent on the "sciences of
living"; that until we achieve ma
turity we must unite ruthlessly to
suppress the effort on the part of
any nation or anyone in any nation
to start a war.
Psychiatrists may not solve the
problem of world peace but it is safe
to say that immature laymen won’t
either. Meat congress
must decide country
wants to keep our powder.
BARBS . . . by B aukhage J
Television will be a great help
to the police. One way will be ex
posing the rackets of confidence men.
• • •
War must make people generous
The “march of dimes" contribu
tions to tight infantile paralysis in
creased 25 per cent last winter but
the War Community fund had a
tough battle after the fighting
■topped.
It takes an orchid seven years to
produce its first bloom and once
around the dance floor can finish it
• • •
The only American foreign serv
ice man (state department) ever
arrested on charges of espionage
was completely vindicated and pro
moted to a responsible position. His
arrest was just a plain mistake, but
he bad to be tried.
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
By VIRGINIA VALE
Arthur Godfrey’s one
k. of the most popular men
on the air, also one of the
most dangerous—anyone who
tries to follow the procedure
that boosted him to success
is headed for trouble. God
frey made his radio debut 17
years ago, but tiring of monotonous
routine, he tried to get fired by
smashing records he didn't like, in
ARTHUR GODFREY
stead of just setting them going,
as he was hired to do. He kidded
his sponsor and the product, telling
everybody they were insane for tun
ing in. Listeners loved it, the spon
sor was swamped by a rush of cus
tomers, and today Godfrey has 80
sponsors! He ad libs most of his pro
grams—makes notes on matchbook
covers, then loses them.
-*
Seems as if “Confidential Agent”
should have been titled “Cruelty to
Lauren Bacall." She’s badly mis
cast, as the daughter of an English
coal baron, and she's up against
such expert actors as Charles Boyer,
Katina Paxinou, Peter Lorre and
George Coulouris. Maybe she can
win back her public in “Stallion
Road”; in that one she’ll have Hum
phrey Bogart opposite her again.
-Sfc
Joan Lorring, Warner Bros, ac
tress who'll be seen soon in “The
Verdict,” with Sydney Greenstreet
and Peter Lorre, has been informed
that her father, Fred Ellis, has been
released from the Japanese prison
camp where he has bean interned
for four years.
-*
Alan Ladd and Gail Russell were
set to do a long scene, showing
their first meeting in Paramount’s
"Calcutta.” So the crew made up a
pool on the number of “takes” each
man thought the scene would re
quire. Each put up a dollar; the
guesses ran from 10 to 20, since the
scene was five times the length of
the average one. Ladd and Russell
did it in one “take.”
Nick Castle, directing the ice bal
lets in "Glamour Girl,” in which
Monogram stars Belita, fell down so
often that finally he invented some
non-skid boots — golf shoes whose
soles are equipped with rubber
plugs. He offered to lend a pair to a
newspaper photographer who want
ed to photograph Belita in action —
but the smart guy just donned his
own ice skates.
-*
Johnny Sands, 18-year-old Texan,
makes his screen debut in “The
Dream of Home”; he’ll play the
teen-age sweetheart of Jean Porter.
He’s under contract to David O.
Selznick, who’s had him taking les
sons in acting by way of breaking
him in.
Parkyakarkus has been asked by
a Chicago philologist to send him a
recording of that Greek dialect
heard on “Meet Me at Parky’s";
the record’s to be added to those in
a collection of foreign accents.
Parky, who majored in English
at college, will oblige.
-&
“The Sparrow and the Hawk,"
CBS aviation serial, draws hun
dreds of letters from flying enthusi
asts—and they’re not all from ama
teurs, by any means. Some of the
top men in the aviation industry
have congratulated the program's
makers.
(
Ralph Edwards should be remem
bered as the only performer in this
country who, for the entire duration
of the war. voluntarily contributed
the services of himself and his cast
for the purpose of selling war bonds.
He teed off the Eighth Victory loan
drive with his appearance in Wi
chita, Kan. Two and one-half million
dollars' worth of bonds were sold
as the direct result of that “Truth
or Consequences" effort.
-*
ODDS 4SD ENDS—Vera Vague, of
the Bob Hope show, goes dramatic in
Columbia’s “Snafu". . . . Ben Johnson,
cowboy hostler, has been working for
Hank Potts, who furnishes horses for
motion pictures. now the movie bug
has bitten hiir lie’ll make his serpent
debut in HKO’s “Badman’s Territory." j
.... Perry Como, star of !\’BC’s “Su/h J
per Club" show, is one of the busiest
men in radio does his ten broadcasts I
a week and has never turned down a :
request to appear at a benefit or on a |
bond show if he could possibly grant j
it. . , . Guy Lombardo’s sponsor is of- \
feting $10,000 in cash prizes for nam- j
ing a song.
HOUSEHOLD
films
Creamed cheese, with a little
chili sauce or catsup added,
makes a tasty filling for sand
wiches. They are particularly
good with a hot drink.
—•—
Frosting will stick better if a
little flour is dusted over the
cake’s surface before it is put on.
— •—
To keep the safety valve on a
pressure cooker clean, soak it in
vinegar or kerosene to remove
food or rust spots.
S0N0T0NE
Otf&U cMeaiUup
HOT JUST A HEARING AIDI
Writ* for Booklrt—New "BOO"
’618 World-Herald Bldg., Omaha
WANTED: Meteors and meteor craters,
any specimen examined free. Drop ins w
card for more Information. J. P. Ullmu,
Burchard, Nebraska.
RADIO TUBES
RADIO TUBES FOR SAI.E. Send card
stating types needed. The Arbor Oo.,
Nebraska City 1, Nebraska.
How To Relieve
Bronchitis
Creomulsion relieves promptly be
cause it goes ri^bc to the seat of the
trouble to help loosen and expel
germ laden phlegm, and aid nature
to soothe and heal raw, tender, In
flamed bronchial mucous mem
branes. Tell your druggist to sell you
a bottle of Creomulsion with the un
derstanding you must like the way it
quickly allays the cough or you are
to have your money back.
CREOMULSION
for Coughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis
SNAPPY FACTS
RUBBER
|l <*
A new rubber cement called
"Plastilock" for binding met
als, woods, plastics, has been
developed by B. F. Goodrich.
Latex foam made of synthetic
rubber can now be used In the
manufacture of mattresses and
other cushioning materials.
The goal of the rubber indus
try a few decades ago was a
tire that would run 3,500
mile*. Now it's not onusual
for a passenger tire to run
ten times that far.
Some of the first synthetic tires
built in early war days lasted
only fifty mile*. Mileage of pres
ent synthetic tires compares favor
ably with natural rubber tires.
6 6 6
COLD PREPARATIONS
LIQUID. TABLETS, SALVE, NOSE DROPS
USE ONLY AS DIRECTED
PAZO IN TUIISI
Millions of people suffering from
simple Piles, have found prompt
relief with PAZO ointment. Here’s
why: Flm, PAZO ointment soothes
Inflamed areas—relieves pain and
Itching Second, PAZO ointment
lubricates hardened, dried parts—
helps prevent cracking and sore
ness Third, PAZO ointment tends
to reduce swelling and check minor
bleeding. Fourth, It's easy to use.
PAZO ointment's perforated Pile
Pipe makes application simple,
thorough. Your doctor can tell
you about PAZO ointment.
SUPPOSITORIIS TOOI
Some persons, and many doctors,
prefer to use suppositories, so PAZO
comes In handy suppositories also.
The same soothing relief that
PAZO always gives.
Jini&h,
91/
**************