LABOR CRISIS TESTS TRUMAN
The fast-growing labor crisis
presents Harry S. Truman with
the first big problem he has faced
on a hitherto well-charted Roose
velt sea. Up until now, most
policies, especially those dealing
with war and peace, had been
pretty well established by Tru
man’s predecessor. In settling the
current labor turmoil, however,
Harry is completely on his own.
For some time, labor advice from
White House insiders has differed.
Truman’s labor department has
argued that labor troubles after
wars were inevitable, that both
W’ilson and Harding had to call
out U. S. troops after the last
war, that labor has been in a
strait jacket since Pearl Harbor,
is bound to feel its wild oats now;
finally that big business was equal
ly in a straight jacket and equal
ly williijg to row with labor espe
cially if it could get labor in
wrong with the public ... ad
vice to Truman: Don’t stick your
neck out; let both sides battle it
out for a while.
Opposite advice came from
another wing of the White House
. . . while admitting that all
the above ia true, other ad
visers urged that both labor
and industry needed guidance.
For four years both labor and
industry have had the Little
Steel Formula as their guide.
They were supposed not to go
above this . . . Now labor finds
itself losing Its overtime wages,
with take-home pay dropping
way below lush war days, yet
with the cost of living still high.
Therefore, Truman was urged
to step forward and set a na
tional policy, suggest a wage
increase which would partly off
set the drop in take-home pay
... It is this group of advisers
which Truman finally has de
cided to follow.
• • •
FARMERS VS. LABOR UNION9
Last week Florida citrus grow
ers came to Washington, worried
sick over the future market for
grapefruit and oranges. They
feared a return of the old days
when their fruit was dumped into
Florida rivers . . . The army has
Just cancelled orders for several
million cases of orange juice. Si
multaneously it has turned back on
the civilian market several million
more surplus cases. This backlog is.
bound to have a depressing effect
on citrus fruit . . . Citrus fruit
growers know that with wages
dropping, the civilian demand for
oranges and grapefruit will also
nose-dive. When workmen get paid
less, first thing they quit buying is
fruit . . . Cattlemen also figure on
a drop in prices. Not only will
the army buy less, but workmen
eat less meat, when wages are cut
. . . Same is true of many other
farm commodities, including dairy
products . . . Never before has the
average American eaten so well—
despite rationing—as during the
war years, largely because wages
were high . . . Seldom before also
have farmers been so prosperous
. . . Seldom before, however, have
farmers been so sore at labor
unions. They were looking for
ward to buying new autos, new
farm machinery. Now all this is
delayed by strikes. Also they were
looking forward to the return of
cheap labor from cities to farms.
So far this hasn’t materialized.
• • •
UNIONS LOSE MONEY
Big industrial unions naturally
don’t want any trek back to the
farm. It means loss of dues. The
United Auto Workers’ 1,000,000
dues-paying membership has now
dropped to about half of that.
The drop was so severe that the
cost of running the union went in
the red . . . UAW chiefs are going
about their wage protests in an
orderly, fair-minded manner, have
done their best to stop the Kelsey
Hayes wildcat strike . . . But some
union leaders prefer strikes. It
helps increase their power in the
union ... In Schenectady, Gen
eral Electric’s Charles E. Wilson
long has advocated higher wages.
He says it helps him sell electric
refrigerators, electric irons, etc.
He has been ready to make up
ward wage adjustments voluntar
ily, just as wise Standard Oil of
N. J. increased its pay immedi
ately and automatically at the end
of the war.
However, certain CIO Elec
trical Workers seem more in
terested in a strike than a vol
untary or negotiated wage boost
. . . some labor leaders, unfortu
nately, seem deliberately looking
for strikes—among them John L.
Lewis. They bring disfavor on
the heads of other labor leaders,
have given the entire labor move
ment a bad setback with public
opinion . . . Public opinion in
some areas is now so anti-labor
that Truman would get thunderous
applause if he called out U. 8.
troops as strike-breakers.
Veterans’Administration
Mas Capable Leader
General Bradley Has Fatherly Interest
in Veterans; Aetions Show His Ability
to Administer This Big Job
By BAUKHAGE
Commentator and News Analyst
WNU Service, 1616 Eye St., N. W,
Washington, D. C.
I have just come back from a
visit with the father of 16 million.
That isn’t such a far-fetched
figure to use in describing the tall,
rangy Missourian, who is ir* charge
of “the biggest business in the
world," which is how they describe
the Veterans’ Administration in
Washington.
To call Omar Nelson Bradley
"father” of the service men and
women isn’t stretching it. Ernie
Pyle once said: “If I could pick
any two men in the world for my
father except my own Dad, I
would pick General Omar Bradley
or General Ike Eisenhower. If I
had a son, I would like him to go
to Bradley or Ike for advice."
Ernie was a pretty keen judge of
human nature on the hoof. I
thought of that when one of Brad
ley’s co-workers in the Veterans’
Administration, who is almost a
decade older than the general, said
“fatherly” was the way to de
scribe the manner in which he was
treated the first time they had a
problem to straighten out with the
boss.
And then I met the General.
I found a weather-beaten, wiry,
long-legged soldier, whose eyes
twinkled brighter than the four
stars on his collar. Fatherly, yes
—and I’ll have a word about that
a little later. But I found out
something else. I found out why
he ought to be able to run one
of the hardest jobs in the govern
ment. And I’ll admit, right off,
it sounds almost too good to be
true.
We had been talking about the
details of the reorganization of
the agency which is now going on
and with which General Bradley is
minutely familiar. Then I asked
him what it was, if anything, in
his military training and experi
ence that he could use in his pres
ent position.
He said that he thought it was
the same with all jobs such as
this. And here is the theory on
which he works:
“First, build your organization
on functional lines. Second, get
the right man to head up each
function. Third, give him full re
sponsibility to act on his own au
thority.”
How, I inquired, does this fit
in with your military experience,
having had some of that branch
of adventure myself—although
running a platoon isn’t running
an army.
"It's a good deal like the army,”
he answered. “You have your
staff. You have say 20 sections,
each with a special function, work
ing under your chief of staff.
Sometimes, of course, you group
some of the functions, but the or
ganization is along functional
lines ”
And how, I asked, do you choose
the men to head up these various
activities? His answer came back
without the slightest hesitation.
“I choose a man, first for his
ability, second for his loyalty—and
I count heavily on the loyalty.
Get loyal men of ability and you’ve
gone a long way toward solving
your problems in any organiza
tion.”
That sounded pretty good to
me, but what about the present
situation where, after all, there
is always a Congress on Capitol
Hill, a Congress with constituents
who have votes and some of whom
want jobs. 1 asked the General,
what about politics? He didn’t
seem worried. He said that he
hadn't had any trouble.
“I’m not a politician,” he said.
“I never intend to run for office.”
That was all he would say, but
here is a story I picked up later
at the other end of Pennsylvania
Avenue.
A certain Congressman got a
hot letter from a constituent who
had been fired from the Veterans’
Administration. No doubt with
due cause. He hot-footed it up to
the General and spoke, as legis
lators often do to officials, with
considerable vigor.
“I want the man re-hired at
once," the Congressman demanded.
The General was polite but sorry.
i.. - ■
He stood by his decision.
“If you don’t, I’ll attack you on
the floor."
“Go ahead,” said Bradley, faintly
recalling, I imagine, some of the
attacks in Normandy.
“I’ll block your bills," said the
irate Congressman.
That was a horse of a different
color.
“You will?” said the General.
“AH right, and if you do that,
I'll go to the President with my
resignation. He’ll get that or find
a means to stop you.” (Period.)
We all knew about the Gen
eral’s war record—in Tunisia, on
the Normandy beachhead, among
the hedgerows, where he smashed
a gateway at St. Lo which made
Patton’s lightning drive possible.
But we didn’t know much about
the man. Most of us didn’t know
he was from Missouri and later
some of us might have suspected
that that was the reason why he
was picked, although the Presi
dent said it was because he wanted
a World War II soldier to take
care of the wants of World War II
veterans. Now we have some
other reasons for believing that
the choice was predicated on wise
advice and is going to prove itself
a fortunate one.
On the horse-sense side, It is
because Bradley has established a
record as an administrator. He
proved that in the army and had
the acumen to see the chief fault
in the veterans’ organization and
has set out to remedy it.
On the emotional side—well, Er
nie Pyle was right.
The trouble with the Veterans
Administration was that it grew so
rapidly that it didn’t have time to
delegate authority. And there was
another reason for this. It was
built on what seemed a very sound
theory. Let’s take its services to
the veteran. For instance, small
hospitals were scattered all over
the country, many in little commu
nities where the veteran could get
to them easily. But that didn’t
work out. It was hard to get ex
pert medical men, good service and
the latest equipment in the smaller
communities and because the re
gional organization was spread so
thin, it was necessary to have a
strong hand in Washington. The
result was that the grip of that
hand was so tight that the whole
system was cramped.
Bradley put his finger on the
situation (with the help of well
chosen counsel) and reversed the
former policy. Now it’s “bring
the veteran to the hospital." Bring
him by rail or plane in an emer
gency, but bring him to a well
manned, well-equipped center
whose site and importance will at
tract the best there is in medical
skill, when he needs specialized
care.
Hand in hand with this regional
centralization of the medical facili
ties, the new organization has de
centralized the authority. As soon
as Bradley looked over the set-up
he said:
“This is like having a 160 regi
ments under one man. In the
army that would be unthinkable.
We'd break it down into corps and
divisions at least."
And so that is what was done.
But first he made a sharp cleav
age between the medical organiza
tion and the rest of the activities.
He created a new office, “Acting
Surgeon General of the Veterans'
Administration.” And he ap
pointed the best man he knew,
Major General Paul Ramsey Haw
ley, who had been chief surgeon
for the European theater and did
an outstanding job.
And here I wonder if there
wasn’t one of those important un
conscious childhood impressions
which helped. Bradley’s middle
name, Nelson, is for a well-loved
family physician. And Bradley’s
fatherliness is attested to in his
interest in the physical welfare of
his men. Again and again war
correspondents mentioned the fact
that he planned engagements so
that his troops would suffer the
fewest casualties possible. He has
an instinctive understanding of the
afflicted.
BARBS.. ,6y Haukhage
Mahomet went to the mountain.
The Mikado went to MacArthur.
This, it seems only fair to say,
merely demonstrates the excellent
judgment of all parties concerned.
...
As I look back over a few dec
ades I have enjoyed on this mun
dane sphere, the only things I
regret seem to be the things I
j missed.
A lot of New Yorkers who had
forgotten there were such things
had to use stairs during the ele
vator men’s strike. And this did
more for the calves than if they’d
taken the ceiling price off of veal.
• • •
Production of rubber heel* is
still behind demand. But there
are still more of the other kind of
heels than we need.
SERVICE
BUREAU
EDITOR’S NOTE: This newspaper,
through special arrangement with the
Washington Bureau of Western News
paper Union at 1616 Eye Street, N. W
Washington, D. C., is able to bring
readers this weekly column on prob
lems of the veteran and serviceman
and his family. Questions may be ad
dressed to the above Bureau and they
will be answered in a subsequent col
umn. No replies can be made direct br
mail, but only in the column which will
appear in this newspaper regularly.
Small Business Aid
The small business division of
the U. S. Department of Com
merce is taking particular interest
in veterans who are returning
from the wars with the intention
of entering the small business
field.
The small business division has
given the subject considerable time
and thought and now has avail
able for veterans a booklet, “Vet
erans and Small Business” which
answers numerous questions in the
minds of the returning soldier.
The booklet covers many facts of
the highly competitive small busi
ness field and covers subjects such
as, “Postwar Plans for GIs”; “In
dustry’s Job to Place Servicemen”;
“The GI Bill and Small Business”;
“What About These Veterans’
Loans?”; “Factors in a GI’s Busi
ness Success ; ‘Getting Started in
Your Business”; “How Long Can
I Stay in Business?”; “Survival
Chances of Retail Stores”; “Risk
taking in a Postwar World”;
“Training Program for Small Bus
iness”; “Marketing Facts On a
County Basis”; “Smr” Town a
Most Important Mark( and sev
en other factors or subj.cts.
These chapters were written by
experts and information contained
will be invaluable to the veteran
contemplating entering the small
business field.
These booklets are available’to
veterans by writing to the “Small
Business Division” of the United
States Department of Commerce,
Washington, D. C.
Questions and Answers
Q. Can a mother who is all alone
and in poor health, have a son re
leased from the Army if he has
been in since Jan. 25, 1943, and in
the South Pacific since June 19,
1943, and has never had a fur
lough? Mrs. D. W., Greenwood,
Wis.
A. The War Department says
that the fact the mother is all
alone and in poor health would
not necessarily bring about the
son's release. If the case can be
considered a “hardship case” re
lease might be given, but each case
must be decided upon its merits
and be recommended by the com
manding officer. If your son, how
ever, has been in the army since
the dates you give, he possibly has
enough points for his discharge
now. or at least in the very near
future. Without points for battle
stars or decorations, which count
five each, he has approximately
63 points. He is eligible for ap
plication for discharge now at 70
points and the number is fixed at
60 points November X.
Q. My daughter wishes to know
whether she will be entitled to
services of a doctor and hospitali
zation benefits when her new baby
arrives, if her husband who is now
in the navy is discharged under the
point system before the baby ar
rives?—Mrs. W. A. L., Mill Iron,
Mont.
A. The Navy Department says
that if she is now receiving navy
medical care to which she is en
titled, the navy will do everything
it can to Jielp her provided she
does not move from the area where
she is under treatment and the
pregnacy is in the later stages.
Suggest she contact the nearest
navy hospital or dispensary for
specific information.
Q. Is there a course of study in
fire fighting listed in the educa
tional program for veterans and
are there any books available on
this subject? —G. E. D., Philadel
phia.
A. Many schools approved by
State Boards of Education have
instructions in fire fighting. For
instance, the University of Mary
land, College Park, Md., and North
western University, Evanston, 111.,
have such a course. It may be
possible that the University of
Pennsylvania has such a course.
Suggest that you write one of these
schools.
Q. Will a soldier who has been
In service for two years and 11
months in the States and 13 months
overseas receive mustering-out pay
if he is given a dependency dis
charge?—Wife, Treloar, Mo.
A. The War Department says
i t'- t if his dependency discharge is
honorable he is entitled to muster
ing-out pay.
Q. Please advise if an ex-service
man can obtain a loan to join up in
' an open shop in one or more
unions?—J. C., Coffeeville, Miss.
A. Can find no regulation which
provides for a loan to join a onion.
Painters Speed
Vets’ Recovery
Artists Give Portraits Free
To Soldier or Sailor
Hospital Cases.
NEW YORK. — On the walls of
many a modest American home
there hang original portraits of G.I.
Joes by famous artists whose work
ordinarily would command impres
sive prices. However, these portraits
cost their possessors nothing. They
were given free to the soldier or
sailor sitters, as part of the contri
bution which American artists gen
erally have been making to the war
effort, says the Chicago Herald
American.
The "studios” for this particular
art movement are army and navy
hospitals, and the models are wound
ed veterans to whom the experi
ence comes as a welcome break in
the tedium of convalescence.
Sponsored both by the Red Cross
and USO-Camp shows, the experi
ment has proven to be a singularly
effective morale builder.
Many of the artist volunteers are
nationally famous. Others are rela
tively unknown. But, noted or ob
scure, they get an equally cordial
reception from their soldier cli
entele.
Typical Art Session.
Typical of these hospital art ses
sions was a recent one in a traction
ward of the army’s Halloran gen
eral hospital. Staten Island, N. Y.
Wielding brush and pencil were
Dean Cornwell, famous muralist;
Dan Content, noted magazine artist;
and Paul Frehm of King Features
syndicate, whose newspaper and
magazine illustrations are familiar
to a host of readers.
On the same day, patients at Ma
son general hospital, Brentwood,
N. Y., sat for portraits by Arthur
William Brown, president of the So
ciety of Illustrators, Roy Prohaska,
equally noted as an illustrator; and
Bettina Steinke, portrait painter.
The resultant sketches, auto
graphed by the artists, were given
to the models. All said they would
send theirs “home to the folks.” As
an additional service, the Red Cross
and USO-Camp shows make photo
graphic replicas of the portraits,
which the subjects can distribute
among friends.
Subjects at Halloran included
army casualties Erwin H. Becker,
19-year-old infantry private from
the Bronx, N. Y.; Cpl. Edgar G.
Steinecke, 28, of Scranton, Pa., and
T/Sgt. John F. Kraus, 31. of Brook
lyn.
Patients Interested.
Becker’s leg was fractured by
shrapnel after he crossed the Rhine,
and he was dragged to safety by
medical corps men.
A blast of mortar fire hit Stein
ecke in both legs as he advanced
with fellow infantrymen in the
Rhineland.
Nazi machine gun bullets tore into
both Kraus’ legs during the “Battle
of the Bulge.”
All these men have been hospital
patients for long and painful
months, their wounded limbs immo
bilized in casts.
Dinner was over, and ordinarily
they would have faced three more
hours of hospital tedium until lights
out.
The arrival of the artists con
verted those three hours into a high
spot of pleasure.
No model was interested in just
his own portrait; he wanted to see
those of his buddies. There was a
lot of ribbing back and forth—re
marks like, “Say, he's got you al
most as ugly as you are!” and
“Look, don't make Ed that hand
some—his folks won’t know him.”
The faces of the patients were
bright and interested, as contrasted
with apathy shortly before, and they
grinned their satisfaction as they
received their own portraits.
German Parties at Meet
Vow to Redeem Nation
BERLIN. — Spokesmen for Ber
lin's four political parties in their
first public "united front" meet
ing recently said the German people
would endeavor earnestly to fulfill
the terms of the Potsdam declara
tion. Some 500 representatives of
the four parties unanimously sup
ported a resolution offered by Trade
Union Representative Ernst Lem
mer which:
Called for a continuation of the
united front to achieve Germany’s
regeneration; acknowledged Ger
many’s collective guilt for the Hitler
regime; pledged elimination of mili
tarism, reactionarism and Nazi
ism; admonished the nation that the
going will be hard, and pledged an
honest attempt to fulfill the spirit
and letter of the Potsdam decisions
of the Big Three.
Wilhelm Kuelz, minister of the in
terior in the Weimar republic, pre
sided and termed the four political
parties "the educators of the na
tion for democracy.”
Rail Trip From Milan
To Rome in 33 Hours
CHIASSO. SWITZERLAND. —
Daily train service from Milan.
Italy, to Rome will be renewed
August 25. The trip is expected to
I take 33 hours as compared with
6 hours before the war. Impair
ment of equipment and rights of
way will require the trains to
make a lengthy round - about
trip.
Many U. S. Vessels
Salvaged by Navy
Clearing Manila Bay One
Of Largest Undertakings.
WASHINGTON. — Military and
naval craft valued at millions of dol
lars, in addition to an estimated
$600,000,000 in sunken merchant
ships and cargo, were salvaged
during the war, the navy has an
nounced.
One of the last and largest jobs
of naval salvage units prior to the
Japanese surrender was the clear
ing of 600 vessels from Manila bay.
Many of them had been sunk by
American army and navy fliers
prior to the Philippine invasion, and
others were scuttled by the Japa
nese.
The Manila bay job began imme
diately after the Lingayen gulf
landings last January and was in
full swing within two weeks with 600
men and 60 officers engaged in the
task while simultaneously fighting
off Japanese snipers who would
swim to the wrecks at night to pick
off the salvage crews when they re
turned to work the next day.
The entire navy salvage force
numbered less than 2,000 officers
and men, but its record was writ
ten in North Africa, Italy, France
and in the Pacific. Some of the re
floated vessels were used again by
the army or navy, while others were
either blown up or towed out of the
harbors to “graveyards.”
Operations along the Atlantic
and Pacific coasts of the United
States were done by a commer
cial salvage firm, operating under
navy direction.
Psychiatric Cases Are
Returned to Active Duty
FORT CUSTER, MICH.—An army
spokesman disclosed recently that
approximately 90 per cent of the
army’s overseas neuro - psychiatric
cases were sent back to duty, 65
per cent of them being returned to
combat outfits.
Dr. Eli Ginsberg, chief of the re
sources analysis division of the sur
geon general’s department, told offi
cers at a three-day army service
forces convalescent hospital con
ference here that only 10 per cent
of the men were brought back to
this country for treatment. Never
theless, Ginsberg said, more
neuro - psychiatric than medical
cases were returned from the
Pacific theater from January 1 to
June 30 of this year.
Ginsberg said that for every four
medical cases and every nine battle
wound cases there were two psychi
atric cases.
Cupboard’s Mighty Bare
Here, Britons Advised
LONDON, ENGLAND —Three vis
iting congressmen told British re
porters recently that the United
States “cupboard is getting mighty
bare.’’
The three are Representatives
Mundt (Rep., S. D.), Bolton (Rep.,
Ohio) and Ryter (Dem., Fla.), and
are members of the house foreign
affairs committee.
A British reporter asked: “Don’t
you think it was a little rough to
end lend-lease shipments so abrupt
ly?”
Mundt, the spokesman, said no,
“the war is over.”
Mrs. Bolton said she had not seen
butter in her home for five months,
that sugar was hard to get, meat
was scarce and fowl almost impos
sible to obtain in the United States.
German Ordnance Had 94
Mile Shell, Yanks Find
CHICAGO. — In examining Ger
man secret weapons, army ord
nance experts have discovered
a new type of ammunition designed
for ranges of 94 miles, according to
Col. John Siezak, chief of the Chi
cago Ordnance district.
Investigators have uncovered a
German - developed gun about 32
inches in diameter and capable of
firing a 5-ton shell.
Ordnance officers, conducting in
vestigations at Hillersleben and Bad
Blankenburg, large German re
search centers, also found a pro
jectile which, though fired from a
gun, becomes rocket-propelled after
leaving the gun.
Scientists Are Planning
To Check on Atomic Bomb
WASHINGTON. - U. S. scientists
who developed the atomic bomb
plan to investigate the wrecks of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki as soon as
possible after American occupation
of Japan, it was understood re
cently.
They are eager, it was believed,
to determine the truth or untruth of
Jap reports that fatal radio-activity
lingered at Hiroshima for weeks
after the first atomic bomb exploded
over the city August 6.
Rhine River Has Been
Made Navigable Again
WIESBADEN, GERMANY. — The
Rhine river is again navigable.
United States army headquarters
announced.
Col. John B. Hughes, deputy di
rector of the transportation division
of the United States group control
council for Germany, said the im
mediate effect would be to relieve
the coal situation and allow wheat
to be moved to the flour mills on
the Rhine.
Squeezing Grapefruit
You can squeeze large grapefruit
on an ordinary orange Juice reamer
if you cut the fruit in half lengthwise
(rather than crosswise), halve
•gain, squeeze each quarter on the
reamer, pressing cut side against
point of Juicer. Smaller grapefruit
can be cut in halves like oranges.
Juiced on regular reamer.
Butter Substitutes
Adding salt and sugar to oleo or
other butter substitutes makes it
more palatable.
"• 1 " " 1 ■ i hi.
NIGHT
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make many welcome dollars before
Christmas. Mail coupon now (or a
penny postcard) for full details and
your free package of selling aids, to
begin earning spare-time income at
once. 1
I
I Allan Scott, The Reader’s Digest a
J DeptAVNU—3Pleasantville, N. Y. ’
j Please send me details of your ■
j EXTRA-INCOME PLAN j
. Maine (pltam print in petted) *
I Address
~ City State I
I-J
“ 6 66
COLD PREPARATIONS
LIQUID. TABLETS, SALVE, NOSE DROPS
USE ONLY AS DIRECTED
WHY GAMBLE?
It doesn’t pay to let bruises,
cuts or burns go untended . . .
even minor ones. Play safe . . .
cleanse at once, and dress with
L)r .Porter’s Antiseptic Oil.This
old reliable stand-by . . . the
formula of a long-experienced
railroad surgeon ... is wonder
fully soothing, and tends to
promote nature’s healing pro
cesses. Keep it on hand for
emergency use in taking care
of minor burns, bruises, abra
sions, chafing, sunburn, non
poisonous insect bites. Use only
as directed. Three different
sizes at your drugstore.
...""® 1