r——— :___
__WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Chart Economic Reform for Japs;
Back Vets Rights to Old Jobs;
U.S. Acts to Settle Oil Strike
____________ Released by Western Newspaper Unlot. ——————
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions ore espresaed In these columns, they sre those of
Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.)
Out on strike of elevator operators’ union in New York, girls pic ket
Empire State building. As a result of walkout, thousands of workers were
forced to toil up flights of staircases to reach offices.
JAPAN:
Economic Checkup
To Gen. Douglas MacArthur went
the task of supervising the economic
Hlrohito
Not a Pauper
reformation of Ja
pan as a part of the
U. S. program to de
stroy Nippon's war
making potential
and promote wide
spread opportunity
in a nation formerly
dominated by four
great business
i houses.
As MacArthur
bent to the task, the
prospects rose that
the personal fortune
of Emperor Hiro
hito would be divulged, revealing
him as one of the world’s wealthiest
persons. Though the Mikado's as
sets are known to only a select few,
the Imperial family maintains a
four-story concrete building com
plete with staff on the palace
grounds to keep its accounts.
Indicative of the vastness of Hlro
hito’s holdings, the emperor pos
sesses stock in every Japanese
enterprise, since a bloc of shares
are allotted to the emperor by a
corporation upon organizing. Of the
300,000 shares of the Bank of Ja
pan. Hirohlto reputedly owns 140,000.
Besides the Mikado, the great
business houses of Mitsubishi, Sumi
tomo, Yasuda and Mitsui possess the
greatest holdings in Japanese enter
prise, with their share estimated
at over half the total.
Under the U. S. program, steps
will be favored for the dissolution
of these politically influential Insti
tutions with their grip over banking,
industry and commerce. Policies
will be pushed for a wider distribu
tion of income and ownership of
productive and sales facilities, and
encouragement given for the devel
opment of democratic labor and
agricultural organizations.
In stripping Japan of Its war
making potential, the U. S. will pro
hibit the operation of Industries
adaptable to war production. As In
the case of Germany, manufacture
of aircraft is to be prohibited and
■hipping is to be limited to immedi
ate trade needs. U. S, authorities
also will supervise Japanese indus
trial research.
As MacArthur’s staff undertook
an accounting of Japanese assets as
the first step In the implementation
of economic reform, the general or
dered Premier Higashi-Kuni’s gov
ernment to institute immediate wage
and price controls and ration com
modities to head off extreme priva
tion among the country’s 80.000,
000 people.
With Japanese experts figuring it
would take Nippon from two to five
years to get baek on its feet, they
proposed that the U. S. sell the coun
try 250 million pounds of cotton with
in the next year in addition to 60 mil
lion pounds of wool; 3 million tons of
rice; 2 million tons of salt; 500 thou
sand tons of sugar; 3 million barrels
of oil, and 3 million tons of steel.
FOOD:
To Curb Output
Declaring commodity production
goals should reflect consumer de
mand rather than maximum abili
ty for output, Secretary of Agricul
ture Clinton Anderson Indicated that
the government’s 1946 farm pro
gram may call for smaller harvests
in view of decreased military and
civilian needs.
In making his views known in a
LETTERMEN:
A survey by the American Col
lege Publicity association shows
that only 4 per cent of college letter
men were turned down as physical
ly unfit for military service, thus
debunking the impression of a high
rate of rejections among athletes.
According to the survey, only 358
students out of a total of 9,635
letter men in 119 colleges and uni
versities in 1941 were found unfit for
servile.
conference with farm bureau repre
sentatives in Washington, D. C., An
derson also raised the possibility of
imposing marketing quotas to re
strict the heavy output of certain
crops.
At the same time, Secretary An
derson joined President Truman in
assuring the farm bureau men that
the government would back its com
mitment to support commodity
prices at not less than 90 per
cent of parity for two years after
the official end of the war.
VETS:
Job Rights
Clarifying the rehiring provision
of the selective service act, draft
officials declared that a returning
veteran has an absolute right to his
former position, or one of like
status, even if it means the dis
charge of a worker with higher
seniority.
At the same time, the officials
stated that no veteran would be re
In further lowering the point
wore for ovemras duty, the army
revealed that enlisted men whose
credits or age, as of September 2,
1945, equal or exceed 36, or who
are 37 years old or 34 years old
with more than one year of serv
!cr, will be exempt. Also exempt
are male officers with 48 points;
army doctors and dentists with 45
points or 40 years of age; vet
erinary and medical administra
tive officers with 30 points or 35
years of age; dietitians and phys
ical therapy aides with 18 points
or 30 years of age, and nurses
with 12 points or 30 years of age.
quired to take union membership in
regaining his old position, since the
law makes no provision for such
conditions as a basis for his re-em
ployment.
In handing down its ruling on vet
Job rights, draft officials directly
clashed with the unions, which have
stood for the rehiring of soldiers on
a seniority basis, but opposed their
re-employment In preference to oth
ers with longer working records at
affected plants.
LABOR:
Fuel Threat
Secretary Lewis Schwellenbach’s
new streamlined labor department
received its first real test as federal
conciliators moved to bring about
settlement of the CIO oil workers’
demands for a 30 per cent wage in
crease before a growing strike threat
imperiled the nation’s fuel supply.
Early negotiations were snagged
by the union's demand that discus
sions be held cn an industry-wide
basis and the companies' equal in
sistence that agreements be effect
ed by individual refineries. In ask
ing a 30 per cent wage increase,
the oil workers reflected the general
CIO aim of maintaining wartime
“take-home” pay by bringing 40
hour-per-week wages up to the total
of the former 52-hour week.
In other labor trouble. 60,000
northwest AFL lumber workers
struck to press demands for a $1 10
hourly minimum compared with the
present scale ranging upward from
70 cents, while 15,000 AFL elevator
operators and building service em
ployees paralyzed service in over
2,000 New York skyscrapers by
walking out in protest of a War La
bor board grant of $28.05 for a 44
hour week instead of the $30.15 asked
for 40 hours.
Push Fight on Polio
In the mounting drive against
polio, the National Foundation
for Infantile Paralysis allotted
the unprecedented total of
$4,157,814.15 for research, edu
cation and the treatment in the
year ending last May 31.
As yet no preventive or cure
for polio hai been found, al
though it is generally recognized
as an infectious, communicable
disease caused by a virus.
GERMANY:
Occupation Progresses
Following close on General Mac
Arthur’s announcement that no more
than MO,000 troops would be needed
within the next year to occupy
Japan, It was revealed that U. S.
authorities hoped to trim the post
war force in Germany to less than
400,000 by next spring and reduce
it to skeletonal dimensions within a
few years.
Disclosure of occupation plans for
the shattered Reich coincided with
reports that the co-operative attitude
of the defeated Germans will permit
the early election of local govern
mental officials with balloting on a
county and state level following.
Meanwhile, the army revealed that
it was training hand-picked German
prisoners of war to ‘hid in the ad
ministration and policing of occupied
territory. Selected after careful
screening, the PWs are-taught Amer
ican and German history, the Eng
lish language and military govern
ment, and also are being accli
mated to democratic surroundings.
BIG FIVE:
No Results
Failing of settlement of one im
portant problem, the Big Five coun
cil of foreign ministers meeting in
London to map postwar Europe
moved for adjournment, with possi
bilities that the creation of peace
treaties with former axis satellites
may be directly negotiated between
the U. S., Britain and Russia.
The magnitude of the task of rec
onciling the conflicting interests of
the Allied powers in the European
theater was reflected in the difficulty
of disposing of pre-war Italian col
onics and strategic islands of the
Mediterranean; reshaping the Ital
ian-Yugoslav border; drawing up
peace treaties for the Russian dom
inated Balkans, and internationali
zation of the vital waterways.
While the foreign ministers of the
Big Five were scheduled to reas
semble in November to receive the
recommendations of their deputies
on settlement of the thorny issues,
Russian opposition to French and
Chinese participation in the deliber
ations raised the possibility that di
rect negotiations between Washing
ton, D. C., London and Moscow may
be established as an alternative.
U. S. Gets New Auto
The most colorful mass produc
tionlst of World War II, Henry
Kaiser announced arrangements for
his entrance into the low-priced
automobile field in league with the
Graham - Paige interests at the
sprawling Willow Run plant original
ly set up for manufacture of B-24s.
To effect the greatest efficiency
and economy, Graham - Paige will
also produce its medium-priced car
and line of tractors, farm imple
ments and rototiller along with the
new vehicle at Willow Run. Joseph
Joseph W. Frazer (left) and Henry
Kaiser.
W. Frazer, president of Graham
Paige, will act in the same offi
cial capacity in the new company
to be called the Kaiser-Frazer cor
poration, and Graham - Paige will
share in a 250,000 purchase of stock
valued at $5,000,000 in the new firm.
Indicative of the cost of establish
ing a modern mass-production auto
mobile factory, Kaiser-Frazer will
invest $15,000,000 to be received
from total private and public stock
sales ns follows: $2,000,000 for ma
chinery and equipment; $1,750,000
for tools, dies, jigs and fixtures; $1,
500,000 prepaid expenses; $1,750,000
deferred charges, arid $8,028,800 for
general corporate purposes.
ATOMIC BOMB:
Future Use
While congress worked up steam
over the future of the atomic bomb,
Pres. Harry S. Truman disclosed
that the lawmakers would be given
full responsibility for the control of
the devastating explosive.
Mr. Truman's decision to submit
the issue to congress came as Rep
resentative Arends (Rep., 111.) told
the house that he had learned that
an even more destructive missile
than the one which razed Hiroshima
had been developed. Calling upon
the government to establish a sci
entific board to devise a defensive
weapon against the atomic bomb,
Arends said one such explosive
could kill millions of city-dwellers.
Meanwhile. Senator Downey
(Dem., Calif.) asked that the U. S.
turn over the atomic bomb to the
United Nations organization so that
general possession would lessen the
chances of its military development
while at the same time encouraging
further scientific research for an
adaptation to peaceful usage.
Church Warning
Meanwhile the Federal Council of
the Churches of Christ in America
called upon the government “to
state now its intention to place the
new discovery under a world wide
authority as soon as all states will
submit to effective controls,’’ and
to “press for such controls.’’
The statement also warned that
unless international control can oe
achieved in the short period while
the United States alone possesses
atomic bombs, it may difficult or
impossible to achieve.
Washington D*i9estj
Wallace's Job Program
PacksJPolitical TNT
Reorganization of Commerce Department
First Step Forward in Formulation
Of Fuil Employment Policy.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNIJ Service, 1616 Eye Street, N.W.
Washington, I). C.
The recent operating and or
ganization program for the depart
ment of commerce created very lit
tle excitement in Washington or else
where when it was released. I think
it made page 15 of the New York
Times. The Times gave much more
prominence recently to another doc
ument from the pen of Henry Agard
Wallace—his new book. ‘‘Sixty Mil
lion Jobs,” of which I shall speak
later.
Congress may slumber on the re
organization report for yet a little,
but when Washington wakes to the
real significance of this 10-page,
mimeographed document it will find
between the lines much upon which
to ponder. (Maybe that is why it
was double-spaced.)
To me, this is a three-in-one in
strument—just as its author, Henry
Wallace, revealed himself as a
three-in-one personality when I
called on him just before the pub
lication of his program, his first ap
proach to the governmental lime
light since the change in adminis
tration.
The report on what Mr. Wallace
in his capacity as secretary of com
merce hopes will mean the revitaliz
ing and expanding of his depart
ment, envisions the metamorphosis
of that somewhat turgid and impo
tent institution into a vigorous and
human organization which will reach
out and touch millions of individuals
just as the government’s most virile
department, agriculture, does. Sec
retary Wallace said frankly at his
press conference and also in more
detail privately to me, that he
thought that the department of com
merce should do for the business
man, big and little, what the de
partment of agriculture does for the
farmer, big and little And it will, if
he has his way.
Active Department
Secretary’s Goal
Wipe out of your mind, if you will,
that one-time problem child of the
New Deal, the agricultural adjust
ment administration. Now weigh
the testimony of observers, includ
ing anti-Wallaceites, and I think you
will learn that as secretary of agri
culture, the author of "Sixty Mil
lion Jobs” did a good job in re
vitalizing his department.
How much it will cost to do as
much for commerce, we couldn't get
him to estimate, but he finally told
us that it would be less than one
sixth of the cost of one day's war
at V-E Day. By a series of calcula
tions we arrived at the figure of 40
million dollars. Since the commerce
department spent about 121 million
dollars last year, Mr. Wallace’s
changes would make a total cost for
his revitalized department of 161
million dollars.
Those who cry economy will
shudder at that figure but they will
hear this answer: If business, big
and little, wants help similar to that
which agriculture demands and gets
it will cost something. The depart
ment of agriculture cost approxi
mately 769 million dollars to run last
year, and the farmers wouldn’t
want it to do less.
There will also be another explan
ation of the figures which will at
tempt to show that part of the ex
pansion of the reorganized depart
ment is really contraction, and that
brings us to the second integer of
the three-in-one composition of Mr.
Wallace’s plan. The plan is more
than a blueprint for changes in a
single governmental institution. It
Is definitely a part of President Tru
man’s reorganization plan which it
is fair to assume would bring back
under the commerce rooftree the
horde of agencies and commissions
which have to do with industry and
business.
And now we come to part three of
the tri-partible function of the Wal
lace program. It is by his own
Implication, a part of his recipe for
full employment included in his
book, "Sixty Million Jobs," and men
tion of that brings me to an ex
amination of Mr. Wallace himself.
I said that like the program of re
organization for his department, Mr.
Wallace seemed tripartitent to me.
When I called upon him, he came
down the great, cavernous room
which Herbert Hoover planned for
his successor and we sat in chairs
about a little table that made a hos
pitable oasis in the midst of the
desert vastness of high walls and
lofty ceiling.
A Presidential
Ghost Emerges
I had really come to see Henry
Wallace, the author of “Sixty Mil
lion Jobs," which had just been re
ported a best seller in two New
York stores. We discoursed at some
length on that opus and gradually I
found myself also talking to Henry
Wallace, secretary of commerce,
for, as I suggested earlier, many a
strand from "Sixty Million Jobs”
may be discovered in the warp and
woof of the department reorganiza
tion plan.
As the conversation moved from
book to report and back to book
again, never getting far from the
theme of full employment, I thought
I could make out an ectoplasmic
form arising from what had been
up until then my two-part, author
secretary host. The third being, al
though not yet completely mate
rialized, little by little became
translucently visible to the naked
eye. This party of the third part I
thought I recognized as Henry Wal
lace, presidential candidate (1948
or at least 1952).
Perhaps I would not have believed
my eyes if it had not been for a
statement which a stout supporter
of Mr. Wallace had made to me:
" ‘Sixty Million Jobs’ comes pretty
near to being just about the best
political platform the Democratic
party can run on in the next elec
tion.”
In one place, Author Wallace says:
“There are a few, of course, who
think that any government servant
who uses the phrase ‘full employ
ment’ is engaged in some deep dark
plot. But they are the exceptions
that prove the people’s sanity and
soundness as a whole.”
Senator McClellan might be con
sidered one of the exceptions from
his remarks in the debate on the
full employment bill. He said that
the measure "says a great deal
and actually means nothing except
to create an erroneous impression in
the minds of the people.” He later
described it as "soft soap.”
‘Sixty Million Jobs’
Draws Commendations
Whatever the lawmakers think,
the reviewers certainly are full of
praise for Wallace’s book. The New
York Times calls it "a thoughtful
and thought - provoking discussion
of American political economy,” and
the Saturday Review of Literature,
agreeing with the Times, adds that,
"more than any recent work on
economics or politics, it can serve
as a moral testament and intel
lectual guide in the eventful, diffi
cult days ahead.”
The work appeared first in a busi
ness-letter-sheet size with paper
cover; it followed in orthodox book
form. Later the author hopes, he
told me, that it will be printed in a
cheap, pocket-size edition.
When Mr. Wallace said that I
thought I caught his ectoplasmic
triplet nodding emphatic approval
while ghostly lips formed the words,
"for every voter’s pocket.”
Much water will pass beneath the
Potomac bridges between now and
1948 or 1952. We have with us at
present a conservative congress and
the political veterans say that no
matter which way the wind may
blow abroad, it is blowing to the
right on Capitol hill and, they add
hopefully, perhaps not too leftward
at the other end of Pennsylvania
avenue.
Secretary - author - candidate Wal
lace’s full employment program re
quires much more legislation than
the full employment bill. That is
only the first step. The expansion
and re-orientation of his and other
departments will be required. Then
there will be special taxation; there
will be a< least the blue-printing of
public works; there will have to be
a settled policy providing for foreign
loans—the Bretton Woods program
and other stimulants of world trade
and tourist traffic.
If a too conservative congress did
not grant the minimum legislative
implementation, the "Sixty Million
Jobs" plan could not be carried out.
That, however. Mr Wallace’s sup
porters insist, will simply make 60
million people who want jobs, plus
their families, vote for the man
who believes the^ can be produced.
B A H B S
• • •
by Baukhage
Two hundred thousand of Berlin'*
three million population are mem
bers of trade unions. But what have
they got to trade?
If anybody asks you: "Don’t you
know there’s a war on?” the an
swer is "yes” and whether you
like it or not it will be for six
months after a formal declaration of
peace which isn’t even in sight yet.
The White House had its first real
paint job since the-war began and
looks like a new place. The scaffolds
were up before J-surrender day. I
wonder if the painters had a tip?
We have 20 million less horses and
mules to feed than we once had
this country. But the land used
raise food for them is now feeding
human beings.
•S 2
Sterilamp Proven
Poultry Health Aid
Lowers Mortality and
Ups Egg Production
By lessening the infectious organ
isms in the air, diminishing fungus
and mold producing mycosis and
pneumonia, and by promoting gen
erally better health, the ultraviolet
rays or sterilamp has become of
commercial value in the poultry
house.
Made of finger size, tubular pieces
of quartz-like glass, these lamps
emit a selected band of ultraviolet
An installation of Westinghouse
sterilamps in a poultry house at
New Hope, Pa., fights poultry Infec
tions and improves vigor and health
of hens while they sleep.
radiations in the bactericidal por
tion of the spectrum.
Tests have shown that irradiated
birds have a tendency to level out
the peaks and valleys of the egg
laying season with the gain reach
ing to 15 per cent, most of which
comes during the winter months.
The greatest use on the poultry
farm has been in the brooding of
chicks. It has been proven that not
only has mortality been greatly re
duced by the application of bac
tericidal lamps, but that vigor and
gain in weight of the chicks has
been materially improved.
Even when the lamps are kept op
erating over the roosts all night,
the hens rest perfectly, and gain in
general health. The lamps have
been given thorough tests on indi
vidual poultry farms and tests are
now being conducted at various
state experimental stations.
These invisible bullets of light,
sprayed by the sterilamp ultraviolet
tube, has given the poultry raiser a
new weapon to fight his present high
rate of mortality.
I _
Agriculture
In the News
\V. J. DRYDEN
While a method of extracting sug
ar from sugar beets was discovered
by a German chem
| ist in 1774, it was
not until 1870 that
the first successful
factory was built in
the United States.
A new hybrid,
promising 20 per
cent increase in
yield, and the pill
iorm oi sugar beet planting, prom
ises to place postwar sugar beet
raising on a profitable basis. The
pill’s coating contains fertilizer and
insecticide, with the seed in the cen
ter.
Among the uses of sugar beets
and their by-products are galaetu
ronic acid, citric acid, carbonate of
lime, rubber, road base, bombs,
powder, plastics, penicillin base,
medicines, adhesives, alcohol, elec
trodes, castings, textile, varnishes,
radio tubes, and the Nazis made for
tification cement from the pulp.
Stones
i Nail j
LJ \
Auto Tire Casing Holds Bath of
Water for Grindstone.
Instead of tin can for permitting
water to drop on top of grindstone;
a casing that is water tight and
shaped so that the stone turns in
comparatively deep water, may be
utilized as shown.
Quick Blood-Building
By the feeding of abundant ribo
flavin or vitamin B2, in addition
to ample protein, iron, copper and i
the B-complex vitamin known as py
ridoxine, it is possible to effect re
markably quick recovery from the
type of anemia of livestock caused
by hemorrhage, according to work
at the University of Wisconsin.
In the past, it has taken from six !
to eight weeks to regenerate the
blood after hemorrhage, or even
after transfusion.
£arm machinery & equip”
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WAGON BOX - FARE TYPE
Holds 50 bu. ear com Strongly built. Re
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TRACTOR LIGHTING OUTFITS for John
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with two Lights, Generator, Pulley, Belt
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MONTGOMERY WARD A CO.
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TRUCK TIRES
TRUCK TIRES IN STOCK
7.50x20—10 ply
7.00x20—10 ply
8.50x20—6 and 8 ply
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HOTEL FOR SALE
FOK SALE OK TRADE—Kanerva Hotel
with billiard and betr tavern. Good
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RADIO TUBES
Radio Tubes for salo. Send card stating
types needed. Tile Arbor Co. Nebraska
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i
DRUG STORE FOR SALE
FOR SALE: Drug Store and store build*
ing $10,000 Half cash, half F. bonds.
Write Box 188, Hushneli, Nebraska.
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Signal Corps trained workmen. OPA ap
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