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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 27, 1945)
!_WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Round U p JapaneseW ar Leaders; Hog Slaughter Shows Big Dip; British Seek Financial Aid ___________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. (EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are these of Western Newspaper fnion’s news analysts and not necessarily at this newspaper.) With Britain seeking extensive American financial assistance, consul tations get under nay at state department with leading conferees Including (from left to right) Leo Crowley, foreign economic administrator; Lord Halifax, British ambassador; William Clayton, assistant secretary of state; Lord Keynes, British economist, and Henry A. Wallace, secretary of com merce. JAPAN: Round Up War Lords With high Japanese war leaders taking their own lives as the Ameri can net gradually began to tighten around them, the Nipponese govern ment of Premier Higashi - Kuni as sumed the responsi bility for rounding up suspected war criminals in an ef fort to head off a mass suicide wave. Uldckl Tojo Japan’s No 1 war lord through out most of the Pacific conflict be fore enemy reverses forced his re tirement, ex-Premier Hideki Tojo led off the suicide wave by attempt ing to take his life as American troop* arrived at his country resi dence outside Tokyo to arrest him. Though Tojo misfired, former war minister and army chief Sugiyawia used better aim to kill himself, and ex-welfare minister Koizumi also succeeded in taking his life. Having first professed full respon sibility for the war before trying to shoot himself, Tojo shut up tighter than a clam following an improve ment in his condition under the watchful eye of American medics. Refusing to talk on his sick-bed, the ashen 61-year-old former Japa nese kingpin declared that he would not answer questions without docu mentary reference. Meanwhile, capital circles re vealed that Tojo and other sus pected Japanese war criminals would have their unhappy day in court before a four-power military tribunal similar to the one trying Nazi overlords in Germany. Representatives of the U. S., Brit ain, Russia and China will comprise the tribunal, which probably will sit in Tokyo and, as in the case of its European counterpart, try foreign government leaders on the unprece dented charges of conducting wars of aggression. In addition to trial on the novel count of carrying <n aggressive warfare, Japanese will be tried for such crimes as racial persecution, torture of helpless people, and mur der of captured military personnel. Though not questioning the goal of bringing Nazi and Japanese over lords to justice, many eminent American lawyers have opposed the procedure for trial, declaring that it establishes a precedent for kangaroo courts which might be used against Allied personages in the future. SLAUGHTER: Hogs Down Though slaughter of cattle and sheep during the first eight months of 1945 hit new tops for federally inspected plants, butchering of hogs dropped off severely, resulting in a continued tight meat situation. Only with an improved hog situation in creasing the overall supply of meat did marketing experts look forward to an end of rationing. With August slaughter at an eight year low, the eight month hog pro duction totalled 26.821,667, away be low the 50.352,226 mark for the same period last year. During the early part of September, hogs con tinued to trickle into leading mar kets, with shipments commanding ceiling prices. Partly offsetting decreased hog slaughter were record butcherings of cattle and sheep for the first eight months of the year, with 9,071,406 cattle killed and 13.960,594 sheep. At 4,152,779, the calf total was the sec ond largest on record. American Ship Losses Small in Pacific A total of 200,058 ship tons of cargo were lost at sea by the army in the war against Japan, with 31 vessels sunk and 2 vessels damaged while en route from the United States to the Pacific theaters. Army cargo shipped to these areas in the 44 months of the war totalled 43,520,000 ship tons. Those supplies lost at sea, therefore, represented only 0.46 per cent of the total amount shipped. When losses in the Pacific are added to the previously announced 537.656 ship tons of cargo lost on outbound moves from the United States to the European, Mediterra nean. Middle East, North and South Atlantic and Latin American areas, a total war loss of outbound army cargo at sea of 737,714 ship tons is obtained. FOREIGN AFFAIRS: British Ask Aid In the U. S. to sell this country on the feasibility of offering financial assistance to Britain, Ambassador Halifax and Economist Keynes de clared that a prosperous Britain, getting its great exporting and im porting machinery going at full blast, would help assure the stabil ity so necessary for postwar peace Should Britain fail to secure suf ficient aid to rebuild its industry and obtain raw materials for processing into finished goods, Messrs. Halifax and Keynes pointed out, the whole intricate system of exchange among nations would be affected, leading to social disturbances the world over and another outgrowth of isms. Thus, In approaching the U. 8. on a basis of mutual concern, the British came over as prac tical statesmen and not as beg gars. Further, they disclaimed any Intention of seeking an easy way out by negotiating Interest bearing loans, hut rather stated that they were opposed to any type of debt of a burdensome nature which, like World War I obligations, would have to be eventually repudiated. In shying from the idea of an in terest - bearing loan, the British left the way open for an outright grant, which would be strongly bucked here, or a long-range interest-free advance. Shape Italian Treaty While the British talked dollars in Washington. D. C., the Big Five council of foreign ministers con tinued discussions in London con cerning the future political and ter ritorial makeup of postwar Europe, with the diplomatists occupied with drawing up an Italian peace treaty. Foremost of the problems associ ated with an Italian treaty was the disposition of the country's North African colonies, with the British reportedly frowning on the Ameri can proposition for permitting the Italians to retain their territories under a United Nations trusteeship. As the eternal Jockeying for protective boundaries and rich Interests cropped up, the Brit ish were said to favor Italian retention of only western Libya while taking for themselves eastern Libya covering Egypt and Italian Somaliland fronting tbe gateway to the vital Red sea leading to the Sues canal. At the same time, the French re portedly sought a slice of north western Libya from Italy to strengthen their own Tunisian holding. But if the disposition of Italian colo nies posed a big problem, so did the readjustment of Italy’s European borders, with France out for a re adjustment of the Alpine boundary and Yugoslavia hot for annexation of the strategic Istrian peninsula with its rich port of Trieste. As the meeting progressed, the Big Five were said to have considered a com promise under which Italy would re linquish the peninsula jutting into the Adriatic sea but retain Trieste itself. With U. S. and British pressure for free and open elections in Ro mania and Bulgaria already having forced the commurjists’ hands in those countries. Yugoslav and Greek rightists next came to the fore at the foreign ministers' conference to request intervention in the political aiTairs of those Balkan states to assure a fair and peaceful I democratic representation. RELIGION: Courses Challenged Traditional American separation of church from state was the issue Mrs. Vashti McCullom of Cham paign, 111., raised against the Cham paign school board in her suit to halt voluntary religious instruction in the public schools in the com munity. With both Mrs. McCullom and the board prepared to appeal to the Su preme court in event of their loss of the decision, the suit promises to affect similar instruction in 1,856 communities in 46 states. North Da kota and New Hampshire are the only states without such religious courses. In bringing her suit as the inter ested party, Mrs. McCullom stated that as the only pupil in his class not enrolled in the voluntary 30 min ute per week instruction in the Prot estant, Catholic and Jewish faiths, her 10-year-old son Terry had suf fered acute embarrassment. As a result, she said, indirect pressure had been brought to bear against the youngster to take the course, regard less of his inclination, on public school property maintained by tax payers’ funds. In countering Mrs. McCullom's charge, the school board pointed out that the courses were outside of the school curricula and purely volun tary, with the representatives of all of the principal religious denomina tions conducting and financing the instruction. f Aside from the state constitution and statutes involved, federal inter vention hingod on the first amend ment to the U. S. Constitution, which provides: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free ex ercise thereof” . . . and section 1 of the 14th amendment to the Con stitution declaring . . . "No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of the citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” Mother of three boys and wife of a University of Illinois professor, 32 year-old Mrs. McCullom said that while she realized the suit might harm young Terry, her deep con viction on separation of church from state inspired her action. Plan Jobless Benefits Though the senate finance committee worked out a broad postwar unemployment benefit bill, the solons turned down Pres. Harry S. Truman's recom mendation that jobless com pensation be raised to a maxi mum of $25 per week. Instead, the committee bent to the task of shaping a measure which would authorize the fed eral government to contribute funds toward extending the time of state unemployment payments 60 per cent. Benefits now range from $15 for 14 weeks in Ari zona to $28 for 30 weeks in Con necticut. Both federal and maritime workers would be made eligible for unemployment compensa tions under the proposed bill, at the rate existent in the state of their employment. In addition, workers who mi grated to war production cen ters would be allowed up to $200 for transportation expenses back to their old residences or new Job locations. Money would not be advanced for the ship ment of any household effects, however. STRIKES: Hit Radio Heading up a wave of strikes, leaving over 100,000 workers idle, was the walkout of engineers of the National and American Broadcast ing companies partly paralyzing ra dio programs and forcing executive technicians to take over operation of the controls. Though the strike ostensibly was over wage demands, informed in dustry sources said the walkout was a flareup of a dispute between the independent engineers’ union and Jimmy Petrillo’s American Feder ation of Musicians. AFL, over which of the two should represent the em ployees who turn the records for transcribed broadcasts. While the war labor board or dered the radio companies to deal with the engineers over the record changers, the AFM's jurisdiction over the so-called "platter jockeys" has been recognized in Chicago, Washington. New York and Detroit. Because the big chains feared Pe trillo might call his musicians out on strike if they dealt with the en gineers over the record changers, it was charged, they have been stall ing on tlie negotiations. DDT: Urges Careful Use Housewives who find use for DDT, the powerful new insecticide known to chemists as dichlorudiphenyl trichlorethane, are cautioned against placing the poisonous powder where it might be mixed with kitchen sup plies. by Dr. Morris Fishbein of the American Medical association. "In large doses DDT is poisonous to human beings and to a good many animals," Dr. Fishbein said. "When DDT is properly used, these poisonous effects are controlled." Draft Touchy Issue For Nation's Politicoes Fear Strong Reaction Against Military Service Even as Occupation Needs Point Up Requirement for Large Army. — By BAUKHAGE /Vphjs Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 1616 Eye Street NW, Washington, I). C. One of the administration’s hottest political potatoes is a matter that nobody likes to talk abouWeven the opposition. It is military service. Not universal military service next month or next year but any old kind of military service today and tomor row, right up to election day, 1948. The prob'om has many facets but it has one, awesome nub — the vet eran vote. There are several danger signals which the Democratic ad ministration is watching with some trepidation: the criticism over con tinuation of the draft which the President has given his complete and unqualified support; recurring complaints of discontented soldiers and their families appearing in ra dio, congressional, national commit tee and other Washington fan mail, which add up to a resounding de mand for more and quicker dis charges, and finally, a growing fear that the feeling which used to be called isolationism is cropping up in a new form— ’’anti-militarism.’’ The administration doesn’t dare make any move to permit a drastic reduction in the armed forces now. Military experts think it will be the middle of October before any such move can be contemplated. By that time they think the danger of any serious outbreak in Japan will be over, or there will be evidence that one is coming. Await Jap Reaction To Occupation The full impact of the occupation of Japan will not be felt until American soldiers are deep in the heart of the country. Before that, the reaction of the Japanese people and the influence of the military leaders as opposed to the influence of the emperor, cannot be gauged. Suffice it to say that the surrender terms as well as the surrender it self came as a shock to the Japa nese people. Mtany Americans fail to realize that a relatively small American army landed in Japan in an area in which there were no Japanese except those permitted to be there by the authorities who arranged the surrender. There was no contact with the general population or the military. Scattered over the rest of the country is a powerful Japanese army, as yet fully armed, in defense positions, strengthened when the Japs completely reorganized their home defense against invasion after the capture of Okinawa. Dis regarding the thousands of Jap anese sailors now on shore, the air force, the supply troops and others, it is known that on Hokkaido there were two full divisions. (A Jap divi sion is between 15,000 and 20,000 men.) On Honshu there were 44 divisions and 7 brigades (a brigade is roughly half a division). On Kyu shu 14 divisions and 7 brigades. It is estimated that we would have 500,000 men in the islands vby the middle of September. That is against a Japanese army (not count ing the sailors, airmen and others) of well over a million. That is why there can be no sharp reduction in American troops until we know what, if anything, is cooking under the cherry trees. And then when that question is answered we have the question of occupation. It has been estimated that to police Germany, Japan and Korea and perhaps parts of China will take 1.200,000 men. Where will they come from? Where will 300,000 come from for that matter? Already a sharp re version against military service has begun and if it follows the curve after the last war recruitment on a basis of voluntary enlistment is hopeless. At its low point the army after World War I numbered t30, 000 men. I well recall the story of one of my officer friends whose regi ment, stationed in the middle west, dropped so low that men themselves voted to spend their post exchange funds for a recruiting campaign. With a band and a company he paraded the countryside for a week. He got just three ,-ecruits and two of those were rejected as physically unfit. As one officer remarked bitterly to me: “How are you going to get a man to join the army for $21 a month (the basic peacetime pay) I when Uncle Sam will pay him $25 a week for not working at all?” (He referred to the unemployment com pensation called for in pending legis lation.) That’s the position the administra tion is in when the cry to end the draft arises. Vets’ Attitude Bears Watching The complaints from the veterans is another matter. They are not so much concerned over who gets into the army as who gets out A lot of them are marking time right now, later a lot will be sent overseas in the boresome jobs of policemen. Why shouldn’t I get out now and get a start in business? Why shouldn’t my husband come back and support me in the manner to which I have been unaccustomed since he joined up? Why shouldn’t my boy get back to school where he belongs? Why shouldn’t my sweetheart be allowed to come home and marry me like he said he would? And some day sonny and daddy and lover will come back. And they’ll join a veteran’s organization and they will vote at the polls; ah. there’s the rub! Now we come to the third point which is really the most insidious, the one which has to be handled the most delicately. We may have learned in this country that an ocean is no longer a barrier against the enemy. But we know there is another barrier which separates our maritime states from the heartland of the nation bordering the Missis sippi flood plain. That part of the country forgot its so-called isola tionism and threw its whole heart into the war. But the war is over — on paper anyhow. It is time to put the hand back to the plough again. There is need of stout arms and strong backs in the fields, and though Japs and the Germans may require watching, why not let George do it? That is a natural feeling and clever politicans would have little trouble in turning it to account, by raising the cry of militarism, of im perialism and all the other isms which men whose barns are their castles and whose meadows are their empires, dislike. Such a senti ment could be turned against one administration as well as another but it so happens that the mid dle west is naturally somewhat Re publican in its leanings normally and the Democrats are now in the saddle. One very keen political observer who has watched the way of the voter for many years said to me the other day: “If there were a Presi dential election tomorrow Truman would win it.” And when you con sider the matter coldly there are good reasons for the statement. The Republicans have had one healthy issue after another knocked out from under them. Truman has giv en business its head, he has sat on the OPA, he has released one con trol after another, he has most soli citously deferred to congress, he is on the way to break up the war agencies and get the business of government back into the old line departments. Such is the picture as of today— all clear except for one little cloud in the sky, not much bigger than a serviceman’s hand, but there is thunder and lightning in that cloud and if the circumstances were such that its bolts of wrath were directed at the administration it would not even take, say a Stassen, to win the Presidential race on a walk. • • • By next February—barring unex pected developments—all soldiers in Europe except those in the army of occupation and the minimum re quired to dispose of the army’s sur plus property will have been re turned to the United States, Maj. Gen. C. P. Gross, chief of transpor tation, said in an announcement by the war department. Return of American forces in the Pacific will be completed next June, according to present estimates. More than 1,750,000 men are sched uled for return from the Pacific theaters, while approximately 2,000, 000 remain to be returned from Eu rope. Some 150,000 other troops also are to be returned from other overseas theaters. BARBS . . . by Baukhage The Mexican government has turned Its German prisoners free and invited them to become citizens if they wish, with a thousand peso stake in a plot of land if they want , « . . . And now they pick cranberries by machine. But it still takes a deft human hand to roast the turkey to go with them. Business Week magazine says it is rumored that Kaiser is going to turn out prefabricated moving picture theaters at $8,000 complete. Holly wooden frames? • • # According to YANK, the army magazine, Jap chow is worse than that served in American outfits where the cooks are recruited from the motor pool Better Soil Grows Healthier Livestock Cattle Prefer Hay From Fertilized Soil Cattle have sense enough to show farmers whether their pasture land is properly fertilized or not, accord ing to a statement by the Middle West Soil Improvement committee. "That was demonstrated by a re cent experiment reported by Dr. William A. Albrecht, head of the Fertilized bay that pays. Soils department of the University of Missouri,” says the statement. “The cattle were turned loose in a field in which there were two stacks of hay. The grasses were the same species; the curing was the same. The hay looked and smelled the same. But the cattle ate the stack from the treated area first and ignored the other until later. “The hay from the stacks was analyzed in a laboratory. Then it was discovered that that stack con tained much more calcium and phosphorus — two minerals cattle must have for good health. The good hay came from soil that had been treated with lime and fertiliz er. The poor hay came from un treated land. "This experiment proved once again that better soil grows better food, better livestock and healthier human beings. "This soil’s capacity to produce meat, grain, vegetables and dairy products high in essential minerals and vitamins is dependent on that soil’s supply of nitrogen, phospho rus and potash. This capacity can be increased by intelligent soil man agement including the regular appli cation of mixed fertilizer containing these necessary elements. The fer tilizer industry which has demon strated its ability to provide plant food for winning the wartime food production battle will be fully equipped to help farmers meet all their postwar requirements for soil improvement.” DDT Outdone An insecticide even deadlier than DDT has been discovered by the Imperial Chemical industries in England. Its chemical designation is gamma isomer of benzene hexa chloride, and it is known as gam mexane. The new insect slayer has quali ties in common with DDT. It is a solid white substance and almost in soluble in water. It decomposed in the presence of lime, but can be sprayed in a kerosene solution or a water emulsion, or used as a dust, if lime is absent. It is not yet avail able for use in the United States. It is said to be unharmful to human users. Poultry Debeaker Following experiments at the Uni versity of California, an electric de beaker for poultry has been placed on the market by the Lyon Rural Electric company, San Diego, Calif. It eliminates picking and cannibal ism, reduces feed loss and birds’ nervousness and increases the qual ity of birds in general. Enriched Tomatoes Tomatoes with 10 times as much vitamin A value as is contained in varieties now offered on the market may be developed, according to Dr. F. P. Zschiele of the University of Chicago. While rapid strides have been made in the development of vari eties, Dr. Zschiele looks for con siderable improvement in the post war era, to such a point that toma toes may be graded upon their vita min content. Bathroom Cabinets So Gay^and Useful VyHY not brighten up the bath v ’ room by making one or a pair of these gay little cabinets? A pattern gives you a list of ma terials needed, shows the exact size to cut each piece, and also illustrated directions. The painting comes next: and that is the real fun. A tracing pattern gives the out lines for the old-fashioned garden flowers. *• A PA* WITH DECORATED 1 \ OOORS | -5:1 n is ^ % EASY * 1 TO PAINT t : GARDEN FLOWERS WITH TRACING PATTERN AND COLOR GUIDE color suggestions for painting the cabinet inside and out; and tells you what color to use for filling in each flower, leaf and stem. • * • NOTE—The Bathroom Cabinet pattern No. 284 and the Garden Flower Paint Pattern No. 285 are 15 cents each. Send request to: MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer 10 Enclose 15 cents for each pattern desired. Name_ Address__ FOR SALE Farm Produce Station. Buying and. selling Wholesale and retail Cream, Feed, Hides, Poultry, Eggs. Independent. New Building, long lease, overhead $2.00 a day. located in mild beautiful Colorado Sprlnga, $3,000 00 cash. Price Includes one year free rent. Colorado Springs Creamery, Colorado, Springs, Colorado. HOTEL FOR SALE FOR HALE OK TRADE—Ranerva Hotet wttn billiard and beer tavern. Qood going business. Ranerva Hotel, Oakland Nebraska. It’s wonderful how a little Va-tro-nol up each nostril relieves stuffy transient congestion. If you need relief tonight, try It! Follow directions in package. VICKS VA-TRO-NOL SNAPPY FACTS RUBBER Now It can be told: Workers proudly tell of their sabotage work when rubber plants in France were under Naxi con trol. They spread soapstone on the plies as they built a tire. Finished product looked perfect, but in use plies would break, leaving the Nazis flat. "Rubber mode in the U. S. A." has been developed to such a high degree that the war-bom synthetic rubber industry will probably con tinue long offer the wcr. As of December 31, 1944, the average age of all passenger cars on the road was seven years. BEGoodrich “— | NO ASPIRIN IS FASTER or better. Demand St. Joseph Aspirin, world’s largest seller at 10c. 100 tablets for 35c. Why pay more? Why ever accept less? Always ask for St. Joseph Aspirin. wm% j W of cases showed K/ f clinical improve ment after only 10 \ days treatment with SORETONE in impartial, scientific test. SORETONE Mid* by McKitson t RobU.it Slid with niny ttck psintu 50* and U.00