Civilian Uses for War-Developed Radar Promises
To Develop Into Tremendous Industrial Factors
-
Played Important Part
In Winning the War for
Us—May Win the Peace
By Winfield J. Dryden
Released by Western Newspaper Union.
“Never before did so many
owe so much to so few.” This
expression of Winston Church
ill referred to a few airmen
and small ground force on the
British isles. The same may
be said in regard to radar.
Submarines were detected
In the night, bombers in the
clouds, ships in the fog and
troop and land movements in
the dark, miles away. Our
paratroopers were landed by radar
aid, our ships safely escorted, our
bombers guided and our troops led
' by radar.
Without radar the war in Europe
would still be raging, authorities be
lieve. Radar, making the accurate
bombing of Germany possible, as
well as providing safety for the
transportation of troops, actually
made victory on both fronts a real
ity, contributing a big share to the
early peace.
It has cost the nations hundreds
During the conference held at
Mena house, Cairo, in November,
1943, President Roosevelt, Prime
Minister Churehill and Generalissi
mo Chlang Kai-shek were guarded
by radar. The radar post shown
was built among the historic pyra
mids.
f of millions of dollars to develop
radar. No peacetime industrial or
ganization had the money, the fa
cilities, knowledge or desire to fully
develop radar, to bring it to its pres
ent state of development. It re
quired a nation at war, led by far
seeing individuals, to accomplish the
almost impossible—with millions of
dollars back of the development, and
skilled men with the determination
to succeed.
Radar Peacetime Factor.
Radar has many knotvn uses for
peace. Postwar travel will become
safer. Thousands upon thousands of
lives will be saved due to the em
ployment of radar in the air, at sea
and on land. Radar sees all, knows
all, and tells all. It warns of pend
ing catastrophe and provides the
eyes for men to see in order to pre
vent accidents on land, sea or air.
The discovery of radar may be
classed as accidental. Research
workers engaged in short-wave ex
perimentations, nearly 20 years ago
found that when waves were
beamed on a city, there were oscil
lations on the dial when autos,
trucks and other factors interrupted
the wave. Soon afterwards it was
found that planes in the air inter
rupted the waves beamed skyward.
It was the next step that measured
distance in relation to time interval
that brought about the birth of
radar.
What Radar Is.
Radar is an apparatus that sends
out short-wave impulses in a nar
row, concentrated beam, impulses
that are reflected from an object
they hit and are returned on re
1, bound to the receiver. It is based
i on a simple principle, as simple as
the occurrence of an echo.
Radar waves traveling with the
speed of light, 186,000 miles a sec
ond, streaking across space and re
bounding from the target to return
to their starting point.
At comparative long range it can
pick up cities, determine water bod
ies; pick up ships in the fog; planes
in the clouds: submarines or ice
bergs on dark winter nights. The
distance of a target from the radar
transmitter can be determined.
If one-thousandth of a second in
tervenes between the outgoing and
incoming signal, then the round-trip
distance the radar traveled would be
one one-thousandth of 186,000 miles
Radar equipment recently made this “search” of surrounding terrain.
Lettered on the photograph of the plan position, indicator scope, are
designations of points picked up by the radar pulse.
a second, or 186 miles. The range of
the object would therefore be half
of 186 or 93 miles. Radar has been
perfected to see beyond the horizon,
but it will not see through water at
present stage of development.
Physical Make-Up.
The actual physical make-up of
radar sets varies. Uses and manu
facturers will develop different
types, as has been true with radios,
automobiles or planes. In general,
however, they are made up of the
following parts:
1. A radio-frequency oscillator, or
vacuum tube or group of tubes.
These oscillating at a desired fre
quency send out into the air the
waves.
2. A modulator sends out the di
rect bursts of the short-waves,
which enables the receiver to han
dle them when they return. Each
burst of energy is about one
millionth of a second long, the
pause between the bursts being a
few thousandths of a second in
length.
3. An antenna, which directs the
waves on their take-off, and beams
them in particular direction and dis
tance. It is the beaming on a fixed
area. The antenna is adjustable to
cover any part of the entire horizon
as it revolves in a circle.
This photo made during a dem
onstration of a mobile trailer-mount
ed radar set shows the illuminated
oscilloscope as the image of a
bomber, flying at low altitude, came
into the range of the radar beam.
During war the antiaircraft gun’s
crew would receive exact location of
the bomber immediately.
4. The receiver is the set which
picks up the returning waves, simi
lar to a radio receiving set.
5. The indicator or the brains, is
the device which takes ttfe informa
tion gathered by the radio waves
and presents them in readable form.
The waves are transformed into
light patterns on a radar screen. It
may consist of one or more cathode
ray tubes similar to the ones used
for screen on a television set. On
this screen appears a visible elec- i
tronic beam. Returning radar j
waves cause the beam to deflect and
it is the pattern of deflection that
tells the story to the operator.
Furnishes Weather Data.
Weather forecasting has been add- 1
ed to the scores of uses for peace
time radio development. Prompt
and accurate weather information
is already being furnished through
radar installations at Wright field,
Ohio.
When used by pilots of commer
cial planes, all that is necessary is
for the pilot to push a switch
marked “weather," and he gets a
picture of advance cloud formations
on a special screen. Tracking
clouds instead of a target, the
screen will indicate approaching
storms at a distance of one to two
hundred miles.
This use of radar, it is believed,
will result in the saving of thou
sands of lives annually, in addition
to property loss caused by planes
crashing during storms.
The planes will be guided around
storm area. There is so much
moisture in turbulent clouds that the
signals are reflected from the drops
of water back to the plane. Thus
even in darkness, the pilot can detect
such an area ahead and go around
it.
Air travel will become safe when
radar is in universal use. Not only
will pilots be able to avoid bad
weather, but they will be able to see
mountains through clouds by day or
night, and thus avoid crashes.
It offers additional safeguards to
air travel, by doing away with col
lisions in the air, and provides a
means of safe landing when the field
would be otherwise invisible to the
pilot.
Aids Ocean Travel.
On the seas, the use of radar will
be just as effective as in the air.
It will aid the ship captains in avoid
ing icebergs, other ships, wrecks
and land obstructions that have
caused the loss of thousands of lives
in peace time.
Radar will continue to serve the
navy in peace, and its installation
on ships will make surprise attack
impossible. During war, radar has
been an important factor in accu
rate aiming of long-ranged naval
guns
Its uses on land have not been
fully developed. While radar will re
port weather conditions, direct land
ing of planes, there is still a variety
of uses for which it will be adapted.
Among the recent advocated uses
is the installation of radar on the
front and rear of all trains. This
will aid materially in the prevention
of railroad accidents, which have
mounted materially.
War officials are already busy in
developing the radar so that it will
become an effective weapon against
the atomic bomb, just as it was
against the V-2 and other bombs
launched by Germany. A good part
of the failure of Germany to wreck
England was due to installations of
radar.
The final value of radar in peace
is not known. It is believed that its
usefulness will find no limits. It is
Close-up of the antenna of the first
eomplete radar, installed “topside"
a building at the Naval Research
laboratory in the late 1930s. It is a {
so-called "dirigible” antenna, mean
ing it is so mounted that it can be
turned to allow for around-the-com
pass search. This older model has
recently been improved.
known that radar's uses in peace i
will be even more beneficial than
its use in war had been destruc- (
tive and deadly.
The Civil Aeronautics administra- 1
tion is experimenting with appli
ances loaned by the army and navy.
Their hope is to develop instruments
to enable tower controllers to see
all aircraft within miles, and to in
stall collision-warning devices.
In the rapid growth of commer
cial aviation, which is certain to
follow immediately after the war,
radar will bring new safety. It is
held by some authorities that radar
installments on planes will be as
much a part of the plane's equip
ment as brakes or lights are on a
car.
^rll.Phillipr Jr
THE CUSTOMER-WORM
TURNS
The characters are a clerk and Mr.
and Mrs. Elmer Twitchell. The scene
is almost an\ store. Time—Six months
after the tear.
Clerk (as Mr and Mrs Twitchell
appear at his counter) -Well?
Elmer—Well, what?
Clerk—Do you wish something?
Mrs. Twitchell—Don't tell him!
Elmer — Not a chance, honey;
we’ll make him wait.
_•_
Clerk (smiling)—What can 1 do for
you?
Mrs. Twitchell — He’s actually
smiling! Him, of all people!
Elmer (handing her a paper) —
Here’s something for you to read,
honey. I’ll tackle a magazine.
(They sit down on camp stool* which
they have curried to the store, and ig
nore the clerk.)
Clerk—If there’s something I can
show you. . . .
Mrs. Twitchell — Can’t you see
we’re busy?
Elmer — Take it easy. We’ll get
around to you in time.
•_
Clerk — After all this is a store
catering to the public, and I’m the
clerk here.
Mrs. Twitchell—Oh yeah!
Elmer—Do you know who we are?
Clerk —You’re customers, aren't
you?
Mrs. Twitchell — Don’t tell him,
Elmer!
Elmer (as the clerk seems impa
tient) — One of them guys who’s al
ways in a sweat, eh!
(The Twitchells Yawn and continue
reading, ignoring the clerk quite com
pletely for 10 to 15 minutes.)
Clerk (pleadingly) — I wish you'd
let me wait on you.
Mrs. Twitchell — Don’t try to rush
us!
Elmer—You want us to let you
wait on us ahead of other clerks in
this store, eh? You’re somebody Im
portant, I suppose.
Clerk (who has, with the coming
of peace, reconverted to the pre
war manner) — If you don’t see
what you want ask for it! We aim
to please! A satisfied customer is a
solid foundation for business suc
cess. . . .
Mrs. Twitchell — Quick, Elmer,
the aspirin! -
Clerk. — The secret of this store’s
popularity is customer-service. My
time is your time! May I assist you
promptly?
Mrs. Twitchell — Tryin’ to intimi
date me. eh?
Elmer—Ignore the big bum, dear.
Clerk. — Aw, come on; lemme
wait on you!
Mrs. Twitchell — Nothing doing.
If you don't like it go to some other
store!
Clerk — But it's my duty to wait
on customers and . . .
Elmer — You ain’t the only clerk
in this place Wait for your turn like
the rest of ’em.
Mrs. Twitchell — When we're
ready to be waited on in a polite
manner we'll let you know.
Clerk — Doncha know there’s a
peace on?
The Twitchclls (swooning) — That
does it!
• • •
NOT YET, BUT SOON
“How many gallons? Fill 'or
up!” . . .
How sweet those words once
more!
The long dead words of yester
day
That disappeared with war;
“How is ya windshield? How’s
the oil?” . . .
“Just name the type and
brand ...
What joy and rapture this now
brings
Throughout the weary land!
What kind of meat? A tender
loin?”
"A porterhouse? Why not!”
‘‘1 wish you’d take these nice
loin chops” . . .
“These hams will hit the
spot!"
Oh, what a thrill when talk like
that
Is looming just ahead—
And not a butcher says, “You’ll
have
To take stew meat instead!”
To find a guy who’ll do a job
For ten bucks at the most
And not want forty dollars just
To paint a hltching-post!
To live as once we used to live
Quite kindly man to man
With patience and with courtesy
Within the post-world plan!
He stood on a corner with two
suitcases, a letter to the secretary
of labor, a kit of tools, a copy of
“How to Live Within an Income,” a
copy of the classified ad pages, a
bathing suit and a worried look.
“Whatcher doin’?” a friend
asked.
’T’m reconverting,” he replied.
After the peace, Japan is go
ing to have a wonderful time run
ning around with cameras pho
tographing American soldiers, sail
ors and nrorines.
SEWING CIRCLE PATTERNS
Charming Side Button Princess
Scalloped Princess Dress
HERE is a charming side but
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Underground Parking
The parking problem in Buenos
Aires is relieved by an enormous
area ouilt under one of its huge
plazas. A boulevard more than
450 feet wide is the roof for this
parking center, which covers 16
blocks.
Pattern No. 890? is designed lor size*
12, 14, 16. 18 and 20. Size 14, short sleeves,
require* 3', yards ol 39-inch material:
1% yards trimming lor neck and side
front.
Due to an unusually large demand and
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Rend your order to:
SEWING CIRCLE PATTERN DEPT.
s:io Smith Well* st Chicago
Enclose 25 cents in coins for each
pattern desired.
Pattern No. Sit»
Name_
A mires.
0 r r r r r-e r r r r r r r.r r r r r
\ ASK MS
1 AN0TNSK
l A General Quiz
A • ^ n • #v. (V
The Questions
1. Does an ostrich bury its head
in the sand in order to hide?
2. In playing the flute, the
velocity of air necessary is equiv
alent to that of a hurricane, or at
the rate of how many miles an
hour?
3. “God made the sea; we made
the shore” is a proverb belonging
to what nation?
4. The temperature of the moon
drops 400 degrees at sunset. Why
doesn’t the earth’s temperature
drop considerably?
5. For what purpose was the
Leaning Tower of Pisa erected?
The Answers
1. No. It grubs for food with
its bill.
2. Seventy-five miles or more.
3. The Dutch.
4. The earth is blanketed by air
which holds the heat caused by the
rays of the sun.
5. It was erected as a bell tower
for the Cathedral of Pisa.
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given free to the writer of tt«* host letter
received each weak during the contest.
NEBRASKA BEAUTY SEIF901
*707 He Mtb St.
Omaha 7 - Ntlranka,
WANTED:
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ATLAS SUPPLY COMPANY
37 Semi Street
Boston 10 KUrssouJnrs—i
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