Labor Costs Reduced and Farm Efficiency Greatly
Increased With Improved Mechanical Developments
_ A . .
Farm Equipment Has Now
Mechanized Farm Work,
Now No‘Brother to an Ox.’
By George L. Gillette
> Fditor-, Note:—George L. Gillette in
president ol the Farm Equipment In
stitute and has long been active in the
manufacture and diilrihution ol farm
mtarhinery and equipment.
Agriculture has come a long way
since the days when the forked stick,
the scythe and the flail were the rule
rather than the exception, but it was
not until the advent of farm ma
chinery. a little more than a cen
tury ago, that agricultural practices
made any real progress Even in the
early IBth century the methods used
by the fellaheen of ancient Egypt
were still followed, even in many of
the more advanced countries. And
then In the space of 50 years, agri
culture made greater strides than
'In the preceding 50 centuries.
With the coming of the plow,
the reaper cud the other earlier
type* of farm machines, farm
ing, though not an easy life,
r~
LIFE OF MACHINERY
The life of farm machinery can
be greatly extended as proven
by tests conducted at the Univer
sity of Missouri. Corrosion and
lack of care of unhoused farm
machinery cut its life in half, and
added to the upkeep cost A rec
ord on a few of the Implements:
Life
Equipment Housed Unhoused
Walking plows 20 years 15 years
Gang plows ...20 years 10 years
Corn planters. 8 years 4 years
Cultivators ...20 years 8 years
Mowers .12 years 7 years
Binders .12 years 5 years
Wagons .24 years 19 years
Disk harrows.. 15 years 8 years
the Great Plains areas of the
United States, expenditure of less
than 10 minutes of man labor per
bushel is not unknown when modern
methods and machines are used. In
other crops, the story is similar and,
because of such methods and the
marvels of present day equipment,
it has been possible for the farmers
of the Americas, Great Britain, or
others of the United Nations to
maintain or expand their production
Flow used an Gen. George Washington’s plantation In Virginia. Mas
wood moldboard, wood standard, no landside. Flat iron share and iron
eoulter.
rertaialy became more atlrac
U»« than it was to Millet's “Man
With the Hoe.” With the de
• velopment of other types of
! equipment, which have followed
In rapid succession, agriculture's
t progress has steadily continued.
| No longer does the tiller of the
, soil fit the poet's description of
"wtolid and stunned, a broth
' er to the ok.” No longer does the
plowman homeward plod his
weary way. He rides.
The horse-drawn cultivator and
grain binder have Riven way in
many areas to the tractor, cultivator
and the combine Harvesting of the
com crop is now performed in ever
Increasing measure by the tractor
operated corn-picker; cotton costs
are being reduced by the mechan
ical cotton picker; the primitive
pump is succeeded by the electrical
ly - operated water system; hand
milking by machine milking. The
heretofore laborious job of making
hay is becoming less of a back
breaking chore through the newer
machines far harvesting and stor
ing of this important crop — such
as power mowers, rakes, pick-up
balers, forage harvesters And so
It goes — each step an improvement
over the old; less labor in growing
and harvesting of food and feed
crop*; In livestock raising; in horti
culture ar dairying In every branch
of agriculture, the story is the
same; Increased efficiency through
use of the machine; reduced effort
on the part of the operator; more
time for the better things of life,
impossible of attainment in former
times when the days were not long
enough even to perform the single
Job of raising the food for the family.
In discussing the part which mod
ern farm equipment plays in saving
time and tabor for the farmer, we
are apt to overlook some of the
■Important services which it renders
In the Job of food production.
Modern farm equipment has done
more than any other one thing to
neutralize weather hazards. It en
ables the f rmer to both control and
aborten his crop handling time, thus
Increasing the amount of work that
can be done in the hours of sunshine
allotted to him; weed control and
eradication can be adapted to indi
vidual weeds; controlled plowing
depths do much to bury such insect
pests as the corn borer, Hessian fly
and the boll weevil; quick and posi
tive erosion control is made possible
through modem, mechanized farm
equipment. All of these tend to in
crease sere yields and, in many
cases, save entire crops.
Cost Her Unit Decreased.
One hundred years ago, with tools
then available, it requi-ed several
daya of man labor to grow and har
vest an acre of wheat. Today, in
of food In the war period, despite
reduction of workers on the land.
Without the aid of such labor and
time-saving machines, there is little
doubt that the millions of men in
the armed services and the many
millions more at home would have
long since faced serious food crises
that might have jeopardized the out
come of this world struggle.
It Is true that thousands of per
sons in war-torn countries, cut
off from normal food supplies,
have perished, and that in areas
where the population still de
pends upon primitive agricul
tural methods, starvation Is not
than at any time In their history,
to make sure that machines already
on the farms will continue to func
tion. They have manufactured as
many complete machines as avail
able materials, manpower and gov
ernmental restrictions would permit
and have maintained throughout this
period the high standards for which
American farm machinery is noted
throughout the world.
Products of the farm equip
ment industry have always been
sturdily built to take the beating
farm work demands; some idea
of their sturdy construction Is
indicated by the orders for re
pair and replacement parts, re
ceived by manufacturers, for
machines 30 and even 40 years
old, still operating. Today,
equipment going into the hands
of the farmer is better engi
neered than ever.
Knowing something of the men
who design and manufacture these
farm machines, I am convinced that
the products for the postwar era will
be even better. The history of the
farm equipment industry has been
one of continuous progress and of
ever-increasing service to agricul
ture. I am confident that this record
will be even brighter in the years
ahead.
Modern Machine Farmer
Builds Up for Prosperity
For years the farm equipment
industry — dealers, manufacturers,
and trade publications — have been
active advocates of soil and water
conservation and Improvement of
soil fertility. One-crop farms, espe
cially where tobacco, cotton and
corn were the cash crops, began
bringing home to them the fact that
the nation's wealth was leaching
down the hillsides and into the
streams that carried it to the ocean.
Such lands were rapidly passing out
of production, ceasing to pay taxes
and to support prosperous farm
families and communities. Villages,
even counties, faded with the farms
as they “wore out.”
To awaken the nation to the con
sequences of this trend, if not coun
teracted, the industry long has laid
stress upon the long-pull benefits of
soil conservation and the part that
farmers can play in the program by
using the tools already on the farms,
and available for soil conservation
efforts.
Contour farming, terracing and
crop rotations in the United States
go back to Thomas Jefferson’s work
in Virginia well over a century ago.
Writing in the American Farmer in
1821, the ex-President of the United
States, in a signed article, answered
Facsimile of original McCormick reaper, which proved one of agri
culture's most important machinery developments.
uncommon. Rut such disasters
serve to underline the impor
tance of substituting improved
food producing equipment for
the hund tools of tire ancients.
Man can get along without many
tilings, but not without food or
the means of producing it.
With the wider distribution of
present-day equipment and the new,
even more efficient “machine tools
of agriculture” to be available
after the war, is it too much to hope
that the scourge of famine may be
stamped out entirely? In any
event, the manufacturers of farm
equipment can be relied upon to do
their utmost toward that end.
In the meantime, they are con
tinuing to produce both for civilians
and military purposes.
Doing Big War Job.
Their factories have been turning
out immense quantities of munitions
and material for use on land, sea
and air, and they will continue to
do so as long as the emergency re
quires. They have produced more re
pair parts in the last several years
Original Julia Drere Ste«l Plow
©
KF1WIK FOB 1946
It is always easier, costs less and
takes less time to prevent a farm
machinery breakdown than to fix
one According to present indica
tions, the farmexs of 1916 will be
utilizing the same prewar ma
chinery that they operated in 1944.
Every farm should have a com
fortable work shop, where all ma
chinery can be placed under shelter
and gone over on rainy days for the
long winter months ahead. As equip
ment finishes its job, it should be
cleaned and put away.
inquiries from readers of that pi
oneer publication as to contour
farming and about the plow he used
on his son-in-law’s Virginia farm.
But Jefferson's efforts to teach the
pioneer American farmer to build a
permanent agriculture, and with it
community and national prosperity,
were soon forgotten in the rush to
virgin lands that opened up to
settlers as the Louisiana Purchase
and other territorial acquisitions
beckoned young farmers toward the
mid-West and the Pacific.
While good farmers on their own
initiative followed conservation
practices, comparatively little was
done in an organized manner until
the United States department of
agriculture in the '20s began taking
active notice of the erosion of top
soil on cultivated lands; set up ero
sion-control experiment stations and
instituted an intensive study of soil
erosion. In 1935 the Soil Conserva
tion service was established and by
the middle of last year, 45 of the
states had soil conservation dis
tricts totaling 1,114 and embracing
620.491,197 acres.
Being vitally interested in this ef
fort long before there was an or
ganized conservation program, the
industry naturally got behind and co
operated with the United States gov
ernment in helping the farmer
solve his land problems when the
nationwide program was inaugu
rated. Through personal effort; in
their advertisements, and booklets
on the subject farm equipment com
panies, their Held representatives
and dealers have made helpful
suggestions to the farmer on soil
fertility, water capacity and pre
venting the loss of soils.
Company Dinners
Easy to Prepare
Even on Slim Budget
Green beans take on extra appeal
when prepared with shrimp and a
«urry sauce. They make a colorful
as well as point-free dish for dinner
guests.
Company dinners on a slim budg
et? Yes. indeed, they’re possible
even in these times. Your company
will get poetical about economical
dinners if they’re well cooked and
attractively served
You can make meat go a long
way but still have lots of flavor if
you turn uui a
dish of rice and
meat balls,
dressed in its
best with cucum
ber lily garnishes
and a nest of
parsley. Or, try a
completely point
free meal in the
ureen Dean ana
Shrimp Curry.
Desserts do not lack for appeal.
Fresh fruits, now in plenty, can
make a beautiful platter all by
themselves; and then, there's a va
riety of desserts that can be
whipped up with sugar substitutes.
Company Dinner Menu I.
Chilled OrartRe Juice
•Green Bean and Shrimp Curry
Molded Fruit Salad
Iced Tea Hot Rolls Relishes
Lemon Chiffon Pie
•Green Bean and Shrimp Curry.
(Serves 5 to 6)
2 cups cooked string beans
2 tablespoons bacon drippings
2 small onions, chopped
2 tablespoons flour
2 teaspoons curry powder
1 teaspoon salt
Y\ teaspoon pepper
1 cup water
1 cup cooked shrimp, cleaned
Drain cooked beans, reserving
liquid. Melt drippings in saucepan,
add onion and cook slowly until
browned. Remove from heat, add
flour and stir until well blended.
Add curry powder, salt and pepper.
Add bean liquid and water. Cook
until slightly thickened, stirring con
stantly. Add beans and mix well.
Cook for 3 minutes, add shrimp and
serve with hot, fluffy rice.
Company Dinner Menu II.
Hot Vegetable Broth Crackers
•Chili Meat Balls Mashed Potatoes
Green Peas and Celery
Cucumber-Lettuce Salad Rolls
•Mint Grapefruit Ice
•Chill Balls.
(Serves 12)
1 pound ground beef
1 pound lean pork, ground
1 beaten egg
H cup milk
*s cup uncooked rice
1 teaspoon chili powder
2 teaspoons salt
2li cups cooked tomatoes
2% cups water
2 tablespoons chopped onion
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon chill powder
Mix meats; add egg. milk, rice, 1
teaspoon chili powder and sait.
Form into small
1V4 - inch balls;
brown in hot fat.
Combine toma
toes, water, on
ion and remain
ing seasonings.
Bring to a boiling
point and drop in
chili Dans, cover; cook siowiy 1*14
hours. Chili powder may be omit
ted if desired.
•Mint Grapefruit Ice.
(Serves 4 to 6)
1 teaspoon unflavored gelatine
2Vi cups grapefruit Juice, canned
or fresh
*4 cup water
% cup sugar
Peppermint flavoring
Green coloring
Soften gelatine in Yt cup grape
fruit juice; combine water and sug
ar; stir over low heat until sugar
dissolves. Add softened gelatine;
stir until dissolved. Combine with
grapefruit juice and add a few
drops of peppermint flavoring and
! green coloring to make a delicate
green. Pour into freezing tray and
1 freeze until firm. Pile into grape
fruit shells or tall glasses.
Lynn Says
S-T-R*E-T-C-H the Meat: With
civilians getting only about one
half the meat of former years,
economy in its use is the watch
word. Do it this way:
Serve meat in stews but extend
it with noodles, dumplings and
vegetables.
Extend ground meats with cere
als such as oatmeal, cornmeal,
bread and cracker crumbs.
Stuff cuts like heart, breast,
etc., with your favorite dressing.
Use the soup bones, shanks,
knuckles, and other inexpensive,
bony cuts for rich-flavored soups.
Combine leftover meats, ground,
with potatoes and other vegeta
bles for hash.
Company Dinner Menu III.
•Poached Lake Trout
Slivered Carrots with
Boiled New Potatoes
Broiled Tomatoes
Biscuits with Honey and Butter
Olives Radishes Pickles
•Regal Pudding
Beverage
•Poached Lake Trout.
(Serves 6)
1 94-pound lake trout
94 cup milk
94 cup water
4 slices lemon
94 teaspoon allspice
94 teaspoon salt
1 sprig parsley
2 cups medium white sauce
Juice of 94 lemon
2 hard-cooked eggs, chopped
Place cleaned fish in skillet or
long pan; add combined milk, wa
ter, lemon slices,
spice, salt and
parsley. Cover
and cook for 20
minutes. Careful
ly remove to plat
ter. Combine
white sauce, lem
uu juice cliiu lidm
cooked eggs; pour over fish and
serve at once.
Cool as a sherbet is this grape
fruit mint ice served prettily in
grapefruit shells—a perfect ending
to a warm evening dinner.
•Regal Pudding.
(Serves 6)
H cup honey or corn syrup
3 tablespoons flour
% teaspoon salt
1 beaten egg
2 cups milk, scalded
% teaspoon vanilla extract
Combine syrup or honey, flour,
salt, egg yolks and whole egg. Add
small amount of milk; blend and
stir into remaining milk. Cook in
double boiler, stirring constantly. ;
Cool, add vanilla extract. Pour into j
sherbet glasses and chill. Top with <
the following:
Beat 2 egg whites until stiff; fold
in 2 tbsp. light corn syrup, beating
constantly. Slowly add 1 1-ounce
square melted unsweetened choco
late, (A teaspoon vanilla extract and
Vfe teaspoon salt. Chill.
Cold Sliced Meat in Aspic.
(Serves 8)
1 envelope plain, unflavored gelatine
% cup cold water
cups consomme, highly seasoned
H cup cooked peas
1 cooked beet, sliced
1 hard-cooked egg, sliced
Slices of ham
Slices of chicken or veal
Soften gelatine in cold water and
dissolve in hot consomme. Pour a
thin layer into a mold that has been
rinsed in cold water. When it stiff
ens, arrange on it decorations of j
the peas, beet, and egg. Cover with
a little more of the gelatine mixture
which has been allowed to stiffen
slightly. Dip other pieces of the ;
decorations in the aspic and set j
them against the chilled sides of the
mold. When these have stiffened,
fill mold alternately with slices of ,
the ham. chicken, and thickening as- ;
pic. When firm, unmold on a bed of j
lettuce leaves. Garnish with radish
roses. Slice for serving.
Released by Western Newspaper Union, i
Vitamin-Enriched Pork
While 'pork is recognized as one
of the richest sources of thi
amin among the natural and univer
sally consumed foods, experiments
at Washington State college showed j
that they could make this good
source even better by artificially j
enriching the pork and by feeding
the hog with vitamin enriched
food.
SEWING CIRCLE PATTERNS
Simple, Easily Made School Frock
HERE is a charming school
frock for the grade school
Make it of pink and white
crowd. She’ll like the sweetheart
neckline, short puffed sleeves and
gay bow. Easy to make—mother
can run it up in no time.
Water hanging plants with ice
cubes to prevent spattering. But
do not place cube near center of
plant.
—•—
A teaspoon of lemon juice added
to each quart of water in which
rice is cooked, will make the rice
whiter and more fluffy.
—
Store peanut butter in the re
frigerator where the oil will not
separate. The jar is kept upside
down until opened so the top but
ter will not become hard.
—•—
Empty salt bags, after being
washed in hot suds, can be used
as individual shoe bags for stor
ing evening slippers. Or, they can
be slipped over shoes to be packed
for a journey.
—•—
To clean artificial flowers with
out using water, place them in a
paper bag with a handful of salt
and shake well.
—•—
A couple of doorstops, screwed
into the legs of a table facing a
wall, will prevent the table from
bumping the wall and marring it.
—•—
If you have an old piano stool
in the attic, refinish it to match
your kitchen furniture and it be
comes a handy adjustable seat,
especially convenient for ironing.
—-•—
Buy window shades from six to
nine inches longer than the win
dow, to allow for wrapping around
the roller. When shade becomes
soiled, remove from roller, make
a hem in top of shade and tack
lower end to roller.
There's No Doubt of It—
This Chap Got the Bird
A certain fellow had a bit too
much to drink at a party one
night, yet to the surprise of his
housekeeper managed to get home
safely.
“How did you find the house so
easily?” asked the woman.
“You’re so nearsighted and it was
unusually dark out last night.”
“My host lent me a lantern so
I could see without difficulty.”
A little later in the day, the fel
low received a note from his host
of the previous evening.
“Dear Chum,” it said, “will you
please return my canary and bird
cage which you carried away with
you last night?”
Pattern No. 1335 ts designed for sizes 6,
8, 10, 12 and 14 years. Size 8 requires T%
yards of 35 or 39-inch material.
Due to an unusually large demand and
current war conditions, slightly more time
Is required in filling orders for a few of
the most popular pattern numbers.
Send your order to:
SEWING CIRCI.E PATTERN DEPT.
530 South Wells St. Chicago
Enclose 25 cents in coins for each
pattern desired.
Pattern No. _Size
Name__
Address__
Nation's Children Mystify
Elders With Phony Latin
To mystify their elders, nearly
half of the school children in the
United States speak Pig Latin or
some other jargon in imitation of
Latin, the more popular being
Opish, Tutahash, Turkey Irish and
Double Dutch, says Collier’s.
Although their words are formed
by merely transposing letters
and/or adding syllables, these lan
guages seem very different. Foj^
example, car is arcay in Pig Lat^
in, coparop in Opish, cusarur in
Tutahash, cabar in Turkey Irish
and casharug in Double Dutch.
MAKE
ICE CREAM
At home —Any flavor —Delicious—Smooth
— No ice crystal* —No cooking —No ro
whipping—No scorched flavor —Easy —
Inexpensive —20 recipes in each 154 pkg.
Please send this ad for free full-size sam
ple offer, or buy from your groce'.
LonoonocRRy
Brand Homemade Ice Creans
STABILIZER
LONQJNOEftRY - 835 H0WAR0, SAN FRANCISCO 3. CALIF
A-T-T -E-N-T-l-O-N
WOMEN and GIRLS!
Your opportunity — You can earn up to
175 per week as a beanty operator. Enroll
now In the largest Beauty School In the
state, where your training atthts famous
school of prominent hair styles and
teachers will he ip make you an expert
and should protect you from unemploy
ment after the war. We have an ea,sy
payment plan or you can work for your
tuition, board, room and 6mall salary
while attending school. This school ap
proved under the G. I. Bill of Bights.
CAPITOL BEAUTY SCHOOL
Opposite Public Library
ISOS Harney St. Omaha, Nabr.
Your Baby May Have Y
Good Reason to Cry
After a night of lost sleep, it is hard to
be patient with baby; but maybe poor
baby suffered from sting and burn of
diaper rash. Sprinkle on Mcxsana, the
soothing, medicated powder — relieve
this misery. Family favorite for itch of
minor skin troubles. Demand Moxsana.
A Dab a Day
keeps
P.0*, away!
(^Underarm Perspiration Odor)
YODORA
DEODORROT CREflm
— Isn't stiff of sticky 1 Soft —h
spreads like face cream.
— Is actually soothingl Use right
after shaving—will not irritate.
—has light,pleasant scent.No sickly
smell to cling to fingers or clothing.
— will not spoil delicate fabrics.
Yet tests in the tropics—made by nurses
—prove that Yodora protects under try
ing conditions. In tubes or tors, 10c, 25c, 60c.
McKesson A Bobbins, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.
Buy War Savings Bonds
*
Wonderft/
I
mi
HMKt
"The Grains Are Great Foods'' — tfitSoft
KcIlogR’a Corn Flakes bring you nearly all
the protective food elements of the whole
grain declared essential to human nutrition. ,
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
'Muscular Aches
: Joints * Bruises
Mutt you N££D id
SLOAN’S LINIMENT