-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Japanese Maneuvers in China
Betray Fear of U. S. Invasion;
United Nations Chart Peace
. Released by Western Newspaper Union..
(FDITOR'8 NOTE: When opinions are eapreaaed In these cslamna, they arc those af
Western Nmyapn I'nlen's »« analyata and not nereasarllT af this newspaper.!
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ft 1
B-29s are dropping propaganda leaflets as well as bombs on Japan. At
left leaflet depicting Uncle Sam standing over Jap leader with planes and
ships, reads that warlords miscalculated American strength; In center,
military clique is shown pulling nation down; and at right, native feudal
warrior is pictured battling modern U. S. weapons, with Inscription quoting
Jap sergeant on honor and logic of surrender.
PACIFIC:
Strategic Moves
Maneuverings by both Chinese
and Japanese troops in China com
manded the shifting spotlight in the
Pacific, with the enemy seeking to
strengthen his position on the
Asiatic mainland against an ex
pected U. S. invasion.
Fevered Japanese activity in
China continued as Okinawa fell and
the enemy reported the anchorage
of 100 Allied transports off the Ryu
kyus and the presence of an impres
sive task fleet in Formosan waters.
With Jap-occupied China con
sidered a twin defensive bas
tion along with the homeland, It
aelf, the enemy’s movements
In the territory apparently were
designed to meet the threat of a
combined C. 8. attack from sea
and Chinese assault on land,
while also consolidating commu
nication lines.
Reports from the mainland con
flicted with the Chinese playing up
their assault on the big bomber base
at Liuchow previously lost to the
Japs, and the enemy emphasizing
action northeast of Hong Kong
where they claimed to have foiled
the plans of 80,000 Chinese troops to
aid an American landing.
While the Nipponese maneuvered
about in China, U. S. conquest of
Okinawa made their overall position
even more precarious, affording an
excellent operational base for future
aerial, sea or land assaults on either
Japan Itself or nearby enemy hold
ings, notably Formosa.
Marked by some 01 tne dioou
lest Itrie-wtle fighting of the
war, the Okinawa campaign cost
the Japs over 87.000 In dead
alone, with the usual small
smattering of prisoners, who
failed to battle to the end like
the majority. Though over
whelming U. 8. air, sea and
ground power doomed the ene
my from the start, the Japs
fought hard from cave-studded
terrain until the fall of the
Shurl line across the island de
prived them of strong natural
defenses. Of 45,029 U. 8. casnah
ties, 11,269 were killed or miss
ing, and 33,769 wounded.
UNITED NATIONS:
Chart Peace
With final deliberations of the par
ley marked by concessions to the
smaller countries, the United Na
tions whipped their postwar peace
organization into shape at San Fran
cisco, with major responsibility for
future stability devolving upon the
Big Five — the U. S., Britain,
Russia, France and China. Tne pact
must now be ratified by member
countries.
Right to air n grievance before
the all-powerful security council bul
warked by the Big Five as perma
nent members, and the privilege to
discuss all matters falling within In
ternational relations, were the two
prerogatives won by the smaller
nations in the closing sessions of
the parley after Russian opposition.
Despite the smaller nations’ last
minute victories, however, chief
powers of the postwar peace organ
ization remain in the hands of the
Big Five, with virtually they alone
able to arbitrate disputes, impose
economic sanctions to bring poten
tial aggressors in line and call up
the International air, sea and ground
forces to enforce peace. Converse
ly, any of the Big Five could veto
such action.
Creation of the international air,
sea and ground force under a gen
eral military staff with regional
branches marked the first time in
history that such an organization
bad been established.
M» AT PRODUCTION
With at least 3,000,000 fewer work
ers on farms and ranches during
the last four years than in World
War 1. the U. S. has produced and
processed an average of 7,000,000.
000 more pounds of meat annually
than was produced and processed in
the average year of that war, Harry
W Farr, chairman of the National
Live Stock and Meat board, reported
at the recent meeting of the organ
ization.
Although no peace conference was
held at San Francisco, the United
Nations postwar organization pro
vided for international trusteeships
over conquered enemy territory and
the eventual attainment of self-rule
or independence for so-called ‘‘sub
ect” people. Under the arrange
ments. the U. S. would be permitted
to retain Jap possessions for de
fensive bases until congress agreed
to turn them over to the peace or
ganization.
In addition to providing for politi
cal and military action, an interna
tional court of justice was set up
for the settlement of legal disputes
among nations, with the security
council empowered to enforce deci
sions. Special bodies looking toward
the social, as well as economic de
velopment of nations, also were es
tablished.
MONARCHY:
Under Fire
With the opposition threatening
virtual civil war if King Leopold
should return to
his throne in Bel
gium, Europe’s
time - honored but
dimming iristitu -
tion of monarchy
came under further
fire.
Weakened long
ago by constitution
al stringencies,
kingly authority has
King Leopold come under heavy
assault In the wake
of World War II, particularly where
underground elements resisting Ger
man occupation claimed a hold on
the people. In the case of Greece,
George II finds himself unable to re
turn to Athens because of internal
opposition; in Yugoslavia, Peter has
been forced to bow to the Partisan
Tito, ex-metal worker; in Italy, Vic
tor Emmanuel was forced to retire
because of democratic politicians’
opposition to his countenancing of
Fascism and put the monarchy in
Prince Umberto’s none too firm or
popular hands.
No weakling, Leopold has not
been cowed by his opposition, seek
ing to return with the support of the
strong Catholic party plus sym
pathetic elements from other politi
cal parties. Though Britain has pro
fessed open neutrality in the Bel
gian dispute, Leopold's mother has
been active in his behalf in London,
where strong attachment to mon
archy continues to exist particular
ly because of the opportunity It af
fords for welding alliances through
family relationships.
RECIPROCAL TRADE:
Pnss Art
Termed by Pres. Harry S. Tru
man “of the first order of impor
tance for the success of my adminis
tration," the bill extending the re
cipocal trade act for three years
and authorizing the chief executive
to cut tariff levels 50 per cent below
existing levels was passed by both
house and senate.
By a 54 to 21 vote, the senate sent
the bill to the White House for sig
nature after defeating an effort to
strike the President's tariff cutting
authority from the legislation. Be
cause some duties already have
been slashed 50 per cent below the
Smoot-Hawley schedules of 1930 un
der the previous reciprocal trade
act. total reductions of 75 per cent
will now be permissible.
Though the Republican minority
bitterly opposed the bill on the
grounds that it would countenance a
flow of cheap goods to the U. S. in
detriment to American producers,
administration forces experienced
little difficulty pushing the measure
through as a step toward interna
tional economic co-operation.
STATE REVENUES RISE
Collections from general sales,
use and gross income taxes levied
by a total of 23 states soared in 1944
to an all-time high of $745,000,000—
or 38 5 per cent of the $1,940,000,000
collected by all 48 states from all
their major excise taxes during the
year
Total sales, use and gross in
come taxes, also, represents a
7.5 per cent increase over col
lections for 1943.
HIGHWAY PROBE:
Graft Charged
Spurred by charges that hun
dreds of millions of dollars are be
ing grafted on the construction of
the Inter-American highway linking
the U. S. with the Panama canal,
the senate war investigating com
mittee prepared to undertake a
probe of all projects on foreign soil.
Launched by the war department,
the inter-American highway came in
for the major attention, with Rep
resentative Arends (111.) pointing up
the charges with the declaration
that while a private construction
firm botched up a road building Job
in Nicaragua for $8,000,000, army
engineers laid a similar stretch per
fectly for only $2,000,000 Miles of
the private job are of soft road bed
and virtually impassable in many
parts, he said.
Echoing charges of Senators Fer
guson (Mich.); Moore (Okla.) and
Robertson (Wyo.), Representative
Arends also declared that most of
the graft is made under arrange
ments whereby private contrac
tors rent their own equipment to
the government for use on a proj
ect. Monthly rental of a D-8 crawl
er type tractor is $775 whether the
machine is worked or left idle, he
said.
TRUCK STRIKES:
G.!.s Man Vehicles
Thousands of army troops poured
into Chicago by air, vehicle and
train to man idle carriers and
break the back of an extended strike
of members of two trucking unions
dissatisfied with a War Labor board
ruling allowing them a raise of $4.08
for a 51 hour week. They asked for
a $5 raise and a 48-hour week.
Though neither the Independent
Chicago Truck Drivers union nor
the International Brotherhood of
Teamsters (AFL) officially called a
strike, some 10,000 of their 14,000
members were out, with non-strik
ing drivers afforded police and mili
tary protection on their routes. Un
der federal law, union officiers are
liable for prosecution for calling a
walkout on government - managed
industries.
With workers ignoring their lead
ers' pleas to return to their jobs in
the early days of the strike, much
essential war and civilian freight
lay unmoved as the force of some
400 G.I.s and 4,000 non-striking
drivers proved inadequate. When
union members persisted in holding
out, 10,000 additional G.I.s were or
dered to the city. "The army will
break the strike. You can’t beat
the United States army," said Ellis
T. Longenecker, federal manager for
the struck-bound properties.
Find Tuberculosis Vaccine
Seven years of experience at the
Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis
sanitarium have held out high hope
for a Til vaccine ca/mble of prevent
ing growth of the disease in children
whose parents or other family mem
bers have or have not been afflicted
by the malady.
Known as the bacillus of Calmette
and Guerin, or UCG, ufter the French
physicians who developed it, the
vaccine was given to 1,302 infants
within three to seven days after
birth. At the same time, 127b un
vaccinated children were kept under
observation for comparison.
According to l)r. Frederick Tice
of the Chicago tuberculosis center,
only three cases and one death of
TU were reported out of the 1,302
vaccinated children, while 23 cases
and four deathes were recorded for
those unvaccinated. Of vaccinated
children whose parents or other fam
ily members have had the disease,
only one contracted TR and none
died, while of the unvaccinated in
the same group four developed the
malady and three died.
MOSCOW:
Sentence Poles
In a case typical of swift Russian
court procedure, 12 of the Polish un
derground leaders charged with car
rying on subversive activities behind
Red army lines were found guilty
and sentenced to imprisonment,
with three acquitted. Also typical of
the conduct of defendants on trial
in the Soviet, the accused wholly or
partially admitted their guilt and
virtually co-operated in the prosecu
tion against themselves.
During the brief trial, the defend
ants said that the Polish under
gound had been ordered into hiding
by the government in exile in Lon
don and advised to form a military
political organization designed to re
sist alleged Russian encroachments
against Polish independence. Charg
ing the Reds with trying to set up a
communist - dominated rule in
Poland, the London regime long has
been at loggerheads with Moscow.
Russia’s arrest of the under
ground leaders after allegedly invit
ing them to discuss political ques
tions first provoked a stir in U. S.
and British circles, with one of the
objectives of Harry Hopkins' recent
mission to Moscow being to straight
en out the tangle.
W UMINUM
Expansion of the aluminum indus
try in the U. S. to a capacity one
and one-half times the prewar pro
duction of the entire world has given
this country more than 300 major
aluminum plants, a survey shows.
In addition to 330 major works.
1,000 small aluminum foundries are
scattered throughout the country,
and aluminum plants of one kind or
another can now be found in 30 of
the 48 states Five large plants are
producing oxide from which pure
aluminum is made.
Washington Digest;
Specter of Starvation
Stalks Liberated Europe
Hunger Already Rampant in Many Nations;
Relief Dependent on Sacrifices of
United States and Canada.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building
Washington, 1). C.
The size and shape of the postwar
J food emergency which the world has
been generally anticipating and
fearing is now beginning to take
shape. As this is written in mid
June, a swelling cry is coming
across the Atlantic, “We're hungry.
Send us food.” In one day's issue of
the New York Times there were
special dispatches stating:
1. That the liberated European
nations were meeting in London to
hear the facts of the world food situ
ation from British Food Minister
Llewellin. He had spent three
months in Canada and the United
States surveying the world picture.
It was said that he would inform
the delegates of the liberated coun
tries that there is in prospect a
world shortage of 2,500,000 tons of
meat, 1,000,000 tons of fats and oils
and 1,500,000 tons of sugar. A short
age, that is, in terms of what is re
quired to maintain a quite frugal,
though fairly health-giving diet.
2. That European nations were be
ing urged to produce to the maxi
mum in order to offset the lack of
imports for their winter’3 food sup
ply.
3. That the new food minister of
France (Christian Pinaud) was
coming to the United States to urge
the American food industry to sell
food to France.
4. That the Bavarian food ration
was down to the low minimum of
1,150 calories a day (the average
American diet contains 3,200 calo
ries).
Need la Acute
In Many Areas
The need for food is acute in
many areas throughout the conti
nent of Europe. The people living in
German - occupied Holland have
been suffering from outright starva
tion for months. The physical con
dition of many was so serious im
mediately following liberation that
they were no longer able to digest
ordinary foods. The whites of eggs
in powdered form were shipped
from the United States to pro
vide special treatment for these
starvation victims. Britain also
shipped to Holland a special food
consisting of solutions of predigested
proteins, glucose and vitamins.
In Yugoslavia, when UNRRA sup
plies arrived and were being un
loaded from the first shipment,
food was so scarce that the women
brought brooms and brushes to
sweep up the grain that spilled from
the sacks of wheat. When cans of
beans were distributed to the peo
ple, the Yugoslav weighing offi
cials were so careful in measuring
out portions that it was common to
see a single bean removed from the
scales in order to give each person
no more than his fair share.
In May, the office of foreign agri
cultural relations of the United
States department of agriculture re
ported that this year's output of
food in Europe will be the smallest
since the beginning of the war. It
may be as much as 10 per cent un
der the 1944 production. As the war
has come along, machinery is
worn out. Factories have been kept
out of most of Europe by the lack
of transportation and the shortage
of materials.
Manpower has become scarcer.
In the final agonies of the conflict,
farm animals were slaughtered
or stolen by the retreating Nazis.
Hence, the production of the conti
nent will reach the low point of this
winter in the current crop year.
Sharpening the difficulties is the
breakdown of internal transpor
tation to move what food is pro
duced from the countryside into the
cities and towns. In the final phases
of the war the Nazis systematically
destroyed railroads and rolling
stock behind them as they re
treated; the Allied air forces sys
tematically blew bridges and burst
locomotives. The result is that in
Greece, for example, there were
for months no railway lines op
erating. Even now, when some of
the tracks and bridges are repaired,
there are less than 20 locomotives
and less then 500 good cars in the
country. More are being rushed
there, but the railway transport will
be far below even the wartime nor
mal. The highway service has dis
integrated and the bridges are
blown. Trucks are so scarce that
they are number one priority in
the relief schedules of UNRRA and
of the countries which pay for their
own imports.
An UNRRA worker in Yugoslavia
reported that he saw girls 12 and 15
years old carrying hundred pound
sacks of grain on their backs for
five kilometres. In Greece, women
and children hitched themselves
to carts of supplies and hauled them
over mountain roads that were so
full of bomb craters that trucks
could not travel them.
100 Million People
Hungry on Continent
In the face of this situation, it is
evident that, as Colonel Llewellin
told the British House of Commons
on June 13, "There are a hundred
million hungry people in Europe
today.” Hope for relieving hunger is
in imports this summer and next
winter. Will the imports be forth
coming from the world outside?
The best answer that can be
given at present seems to be “not
in the volume desired.” To provide
enough food to bring the populations
of liberated Europe and the Far
East up to the prewar level — or
even to a rather low minimum level
for full health and strength — would
bring the civilian food supplies in
the major nations down consider
ably from their present level. The
British ration has already been re
duced in a number of items — and
it was a tight ration before the re
duction. Australia has cut down but
ter and meat rations still fur
ther within the last 60 days.
A good part of the answer to the
plea of hungry Europe and the Far
East depends on how much sac
rifice the civilians in the United
States and Canada are willing
to undergo. President Truman, in
issuing the report of Judge Samuel
Rosenman on relief needs in west
ern Europe, pointed out that the
American people need to under
stand the dire plight of the people
in these Allied countries in or
der to be prepared to accept con
tinued control on our consumption
here. The coming months will give
the answer to the extent and severi
ty of controls that are imposed.
Food—Not Money—
Remains Scarce
Relief for liberated countries is
not a matter of financing. The coun
tries of western Europe have their
own financial resources and are
seeking in vain to buy — particu
larly such items as canned meats,
dairy products, fats and oils and su
gar. The liberated countries of east
ern Europe which do not have the
foreign exchange resources to pay
cash for their supplies are receiv
ing them from the uninvaded United
Nations through UNRRA. UNRRA
has financial resources contributed
by the uninvaded nations. The
trouble is that supplies are not
forthcoming in the scarce food lines
at a desirable rate.
Incidentally, the director general
of UNRRA, in a somewhat justified
didactic vein, has lately pounded
home in his public utterances the
fact that if UNRRA fails to provide
supplies, it is not because of
UNRRA’s shortcomings, but be
cause the member nations do not
come through with the supplies.
‘‘UNRRA,” Director General Leh
man says, “is not a superstate with
resources and powers of its own. !
Far from it. It is the servant of the
governments which created it.”
There is one bright spot amid the
encircling gloom of the food situ
ation. This is the fact that the world
has plentiful supplies of wheat. This
member of the bread grains has
been produced in bumper quantities
for several years in succession by
the farmers in the U. S. and Cana
da. The crops have been average in
other exporting countries. The re
sun is uiai wneai is not even under
allocation and the full amount
needed for a normal diet can be
supplied to the people of liberated
Europe. But man doesn’t live by
bread alone. For health and vigor,
you and I and everyone need some
fats and proteins in our diets. Will
we be willing to cut down on our—
by the standards of Europe—rather
lavish consumption of these things
so that our liberated Allies can come
through the next winter with a mini
mum loss of health and strength?
BARBS . . . by B aukha ge
The Domei (official news agen
cy) broadcasting station in Tokyo
reported transmitter trouble. Static
or B-29s?
Importers of French lace ordered
and paid for before the occupation
of France will be assisted in locat
ing it by the foreign economic ad
ministration. The frills will help pay
for the necessities
Slide fasteners, hooks and eyes,
buckles and other closure items
will soon reappear and then we'll
be all fenced in again.
• • •
A large increase in the production
of bicycles in the third quarter of
1945 is doubtful, according to the
WPB. So you will have to use your
pedal extremities and not your ped
als for a little longer.
• • •
Steps in Shearing
One or a Thousand Its
The following steps, condensed
and simplified, are given for guid
ance and improvement of the shear
er, whether he handles one or a
thousand sheep.
1. First strokes are downward
from brisket. Run three or four
Simplified
Rules Are Necessary
Steps in Shearing.
strokes down from under right
foreleg to flank to open a starting
place for strokes across belly.
2. Remove body wool with nearly
straight - around strokes across
belly. Shear inside of right leg from
foot toward tail. Continue strokes
until leg and hip are cleaned.
3. Open up neck with stroke from
brisket to jaw and on right side of
neck, then left jaw, side of face and
top of head. Shear left shoulder
and foreleg
4. Shear the left side with long
strokes from hip to shoulder.
5. Finish shearing left side, taking
two strokes beyond the backbone the
whole length of sheep’s back and
neck. Shear right side of head and
neck.
6. Shear right side of shoulder and
right side down to hind leg. Shear
right hind leg, starting near back
bone.
Holder for Feed Pail
The accompanying sketch shows a
simple device for feeding calves
from a pail without having to hold
It. The holder prevents the animal
from tipping over the feed pail.
Agriculture
In the News
W J. DKYDKN
Onions
Next to salt, the world's most val
uable seasoning is the onion It has
come to be recog
Inized as a leading
garden "must
Alexander tound
the onion in Egypt
He fed it to his
I troops in Greece in
the belief that it ex
cited martial ar
dour.
seed Onions a new hybrid has
been produced tn California which
yields 38 tons to the acre
In 1597. John Gerard reported that
onions were good against the biting
of a mad dog, for colds, biles, to
grow hair, for burns, or gun wounds
He also said it caused headaches,
weakened tne eyes, dulled the senses
and provoked oversleep.
The volatile oil of onion nas been
found by Russian scientists to con
tain a bacteria killing substance. On
ion paste is being used in Russia to
heal wounds and guard against in
fections
Dehydrated onions have proven a
most important item for overseas
shipping French fried onions prom
ise to become more popular as the
supply of odorless onions becomes
larger
Feed Needed by Cows
In planning the dairy cows re
quirement. two tons of good quality j
legume or mixed legume hay should
be harvested per cow. or one ton of
good quality legume hay or mixed
legume roughage, and three tons of
silage per sow.
Twenty bushels of corn and 20
bushels of oats should be harvested
for each cow. In addition 6ve bush
els of soybeans, when silage is pro
vided. or 2Vi bushels where silage
is not available.
Prof Found Remarks Had
Impressed His Students
At a southwestern university, It
is an old custom that if the profes
sor is more than 10 minutes late,
the class may walk out. Knowing
that he would be delayed one
morning, a professor dashed into
the room early, dropped his hat on
the desk, and disappeared on his
errand. When he came in some 15
minutes later, the students had
gone.
The next day he prefaced his
remarks to the effect that the
presence of his hat meant as
much as if he himself were pres
ent.
On the following day he arrived
to find row after row of seats oc
cupied only by hats.
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stock farms in southern Color.irlo foothills.
.... Write for free booklet.
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War
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SW
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WNU—U 26—45
Kidneys Musi'
Work Well
For You To Feel Well
24 hours every day, 7 days every
week, never stopping, the kidneys filter
waste matter from the blood.
if more people were aware of how the
kidneys must constantly remove sur
plus fluid, excess acids and other waste
matter that cannot stay in the blood
without injury to health, there would
be better understanding of whp the
whole system is upset when kidney® fail
to function properly.
Burning, scanty or too frequent urina
tion sometimes warns that something
is wrong. You may suffer nagging back
ache, headaches, dizziness, rheumatic
pains, getting up at nights, swelling.
Why not try Doan's Pills'i You will
be using a medicine recommended the
country over. Doan's stimulate the fane
tion of the kidneys and help them to
flush out poisonous waste from the
blood. They contain nothing harmful.
Get Doan's today. Use with confidence.
At all drug stores.