,-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS-,
Japs Foresee Invasion as Yanks
Tighten Noose on Home Islands;
Peg Meat Supply at Present Level
ho Western Newspaper Union. ■
(EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinion* are expressed In these column*, they are those of
Western Newspaper Union's new* analysts and not necessarily of (hi* newspaper.)
Captured on Luzon inland in the Philippines, these Jap war prisoners
relish cans of U. 8. army C rations.
PACIFIC:
No Halt
Though fighting on Okinawa was
as tough as that on Iwo Jima, re
sults have been the same, with the
gradual U. S. conquest of the island
pressing home the immediate dan
ger to Japan proper, 325 miles to
the north.
With Japan already hard hit by
air, the enemy looked for an im
minent invasion of the homeland,
with propagandists seeking to as
sure the people of the strength of
well-provisioned underground for
tifications, long in the making to
thwart any landings.
Having fought through the mare
of interlocking Jap caves on Iwo
Jima and Okinawa, American sol
diers viewed any underground forti
fications in the enemy homeland as
an elaboration of the defensive sys
tems on these outlying islands.
Though heavily battered after ter
rific aerial and artillery bombard
ment, they were only cleared by
steady, concentrated U. S. fire from
close-up, plus the gradual exhaus
tion of supplies.
Even as U. S. ground troops re
duced Okinawa with its valuable air
fields for raids upon the enemy
homeland, U. S. fliers were busy
hammering at Jap industrial cen
ters and supply lines to China.
With the American fleet dominant
in Pacific waters, U. S. aircraft took
oft from carriers to plaster enemy
shipping plying between Japan and
Korea, thus forcing the Nipponese to
use a more round-about route far
l ther north to get into China or else
try to break the bloackade at night
I or in rough weather.
I Harassment of this route came on
top of the U. S. sea and air threat to
the Japanese overwater supply line
from their conquered South Pacific
possessions, and the Chinese pres
sure against the enemy's overland
corridor running the length of the
east coast of China.
Meanwhile, Superfort bombard
ments of Jap industrial centers con
tinued apace, with the B-29s extend
ing the devastation of already
heavily battered homeland cities.
EUROPE:
Allied Snap
Reworking of the occupational
zones in the face of Russian de
mands for greater territory, and the
Reds insistence that U. S. and Brit
ish forces withdraw from fringes
of their proposed holdings, slowed
up organization of machinery for co
ordinated Allied adnvnistration of
the beaten country.
The snag in plans followed the
U. S., British, Russian and French
declaration stripping Germany of
all Hitlerian conquests and restor
ing its 1937 borders, and placing all
of the material and human re
sources of the country at the dis
posal of the Big Four. Severe as the
declaration was, it left the door open
for further alteration of the German
frontier, and imposition of addition
al regulations for governing the
people.
As the U. S. and British repre
sentatives at the Big Four meeting
In Berlin, Gen. Dwight D Eisen
hower and Field Marshal Montgom
ery visited the battered German
capital for the first time since its
fall, leaving shortly after the sign
ing of the declaration because of
the inability of the Russian dele
gate to proceed on joint control ac
tion until settlement of the latest
claims of Moscow.
Recognition of Russian demands
for additional occupational terri
tory would give the Reds control of
half of Germany and include the
cities of Leipzig, Gotha and Erfurt
and the whole province of Thurin
gia presently held by the U. S.
SAN FRANCISCO:
Break Lop-Jam
With Russia's agreement to per
mit the discussion of disputes by
the security council of the United
Nations’ postwar peace organiza
tion, the log-jam holding up the con
clusion of the San Francisco confer
ence was broken.
In Insisting that any of the five
major powers have the right to veto
the discussion of a dispute, Rus
sia almost stood alone through three
weeks of prolonged bickering, final
ly giving in after consultations be
tween U. S. Envoys Hopkins and
Harriman with Stalin in Moscow.
Though the agreement permits dis
cussion of a dispute without danger
of veto, any of the Big Five can
vote down proposals for formally in
vestigating the trouble or calling
for peaceful settlement.
One of the outstanding issues of
the conference, the veto question
ranked in importance with the sub
jects of international trusteeships
Mexico'* Foreign Minister F.zequlel
l'xdilla (left> and U. S. Secretary of
State Edward K. Stettinius at San Fran
cisco parley.
and regional pacts, also resolved
after lengthy deliberations. In the
matter of the trusteeships, the U. S.
was grafited unqualified possession
of Pacific islands wrested from the
Japanese and needed for American
defense until congress should de
cide to turn them over to the peace
organization. Under the agreement
on regional pacts, groups of nations
banded into cooperative units can
try to work out their own problems
before submitting them to the se
curity council of the postwar peace
organization, or resort to self
defense if attacked without waiting
for league action.
MEAT:
Pog Supply
In addition to steering more cat
tle to federally inspected packers
to permit greater distribution of
meat across state lines and cutting
out all lend-lease or relief meat ship
ments through July-August-Septem
ber, the government also reduced
military allocations to allow a pro
po.iionate increase in supplies to
civilians.
Even so, the severe meat pinch
will endure through the summer
months, with prospects for improve
ment in the fall when increased
marketings should not only permit
greater supplies for civilians but
also resumption of limited ship
ments overseas.
Though the government chopped
military allocations down to 1,213.
000,000 pounds for July-August-Sep
tember, and pegged civilian allot
ments around present levels of 3.
740,000,000 pounds, the amount
available for home consumption will
remain dependent upon supplies in
the quarter. During April - May
June, supplies fell below govern
ment goals.
NEW FIRE BOMB
A new incendiary bomb which
sprouts pyrotechnic gel has figured
prominently in U. S fire raids on
Jap industrial centers.
Known as the M74, this 10
pound tubular bomb spills a
blend of violently inflammable
chemicals over the target like
natural lava erupting from a
volcano. One of the ingredients
is “goop’’—magnesium powder
coated with asphalt mass.
CUT TRAVEL
State governments saved 430,254,
000 miles of official travel in 1944
through operation of mileage reduc
tion programs in comparison with
official state mileage figures for
1941, the last prewar year.
Translated into equipment, the
430,254,000 un-traveled miles repre
sent a saving of 28,683,000 gallons of
gasoline, 78,228 tires, 7,171 new pas
senger vehicles—all needed by the
armed forces vitally for the all-out
global warfare.
CONGRESS:
Hack Hrctton ff'oods
Having voted to extend the recip
rocal trade treaty act for three
years and grant the President power
to cut tariffs 50 per cent under ex
isting levels, the house also ap
proved the Bretlon Woods monetary
agreements as part of the adminis
tration’s program for participation
in world economic stabilization.
Passed by a large vote against
the opposition of a handful of Re- ;
j publicans, the agreements include: |
| | An 8.800,000,000 dollar fund
I of currencies of 44 or more
United Nations upon which any
member country could draw to ob
tain foreign exchange at a stable
rate for conducting business;
2 A 9,100,000,000 dollar world bank
for reconstruction and develop- |
ment, with the various governments
either loaning money directly or j
guaranteeing any private loans
made.
As has been the case ever since
the announcement of the agree- -
ments, chief opposition centered j
around the 8.800,000,000 dollar cur
rency fund, designed to prevent up
ward or downward fluctations in
the value of different currencies. |
According to opponents of the plan, j
sound currencies would be drawn j
from the fund, leaving only the un
stable money of countries not ade
quately required to straighten out
their economic affairs.
BERLIN:
Dead City
Entering Berlin over a month
after its capture, U. S. newspa
per correspondents found a city
of death, strangely quiet with
piles of brick and masonry and
steel heaped along the streets;
seared and gaunt walls sticking
up like jagged teeth amidst the
ruins, and all about the sweetly
sickening odor of death.
Though the Russians have
pressed for the clearance of
some streets for motor and
pedestrian traffic, and installed
emergency surface water piping
in some sections, Berlin re
mains the terrifying example of
the fate of present-day cities
subjected to the fire of modern
warfare.
As Americans motored through
this fantasy of destruction, some
of the 2,000,000 of surviving Ber
liners living in cellars or pum
meled lower stories of burned
out buildings emerged from
their hapless shelters, dazed
and unkempt. They are living on
meager rations and have no
fuel. The only men seen were
old and unshaven.
FARM MACHINERY:
Production Problems
Despite easing of manufacturers
restrictions in June and the sched
uled removal of all quotas in July,
farm machinery companies are run
ning up against a shortage of parts
and manpower in producing sorely
needed implements.
Of the parts, the most serious
shortage is in gray and malleable
castings, including cylinder blocks
for tractor engines and rear axle
housings. Because of the pinch,
output of mowers, binders and
some types of harrows, plows, hay
rakes and manure spreaders may
be restricted.
Though the manpower shortage Is
general in the industry, the scarcity
is particularly felt in the foundries
producing castings. Throughout the
entire war, foundries have experi
enced difficulties obtaining the
necessary amount of employees,
leading to wage increases in some
instances to attract workers
Because farm machinery manu
facturers continued output during
the war, they stand in a favored
position in the reconversion period,
not only because of the mainte
nance of their productive facilities
but also because of the continuation
of their contacts with the thousands
of sub-contractors turning out nec
essary small parts.
U. S. CASUALTIES:
West Front Toll
Topping a million for all branches
of service since Pearl Harbor, U. S.
casualties in the fighting against
Germany alone since D-Day to
talled 514,534 or an average of 1,527
a day. Of the 514,534, 89,477 were
killed, 367,180 wounded and 57,877
missing.
Against the 514,534 losses sus
tained by the 60 U. S. combat divi
sions opposing the Germans, 14
British and Canadian divisions in
curred 184,512 casualties, including
39,599 killed, 126,145 wounded and
18,368 missing. Eleven French divi
sions suffered 11,080 casualties and
one Polish division 5,593.
Of the 57.877 U. S. troops reported
missing, 15,000 to 20.001) may be
prisoners yet to be recovered, it
was said Many may have teen
taken as such in the closing months
of the campaign, when the disorgan
ization of the Nazis prevented the
official listings of prisoners.
WAR DEBTS
Addressing a statement to a sen
ate committee considering exten
sion of the reciprocal trade act for
three years, prominent U. S. busi
ness men advocated passage of the
measure and cancellation of all i
World Wars I and II debts if neces- |
sary to promote speedy postwar
economic recovery.
The business men made' their rec
ommendations through the Commit
tee for Economic Development,
headed by Paul G. Hoffman, presi
dent of the Studcbaker corporation.
Plan Just and Speedy
Trials for Nazi Bigwigs
Allied Commission to Handle Cases of High
Leaders; Local Officials to Prosecute
Minor Offenders.
By BAUKHAGE
Neut Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, I). C.
The legal profession is about to
meet the greatest challenge it has
ever faced.
The Moscow declaration, pub
lished November 1, 1943, and signed
by President Roosevelt, Prime Min
ister Churchill and Premier Stalin,
declares that "those German officers
and men and members of the Nazi
party" who are responsible for or
who have taken a consenting part in
"atrocities, evidence of which has
been received from authoritative
quarters in many countries,” will be
“tried, judged and punished” accord
ing to the laws of those countries.
This same declaration also de
clares in its final paragraph that
“major criminals whose offenses
have no particular geographical lo
calization” will be tried and dealt
with by “joint decision of the Gov
ernments of the Allies."
That is where the United States
and the challenge of its legal profes
sion comes in.
The body which will try these "big
shots” is an international military
tribunal, to be designated by an of
ficial title, probably by the time
these lines are printed, and it is be
fore this court that a member of the
Supreme court of the United States,
Associate Justice Robert H. Jack
son, chosen as American chief of
counsel, will appear as prosecutor.
He will act jointly, it is presumed,
with the counsels of the United King
dom and the Union of Soviet Social
ist Republics.
Legal Body
Without Precedent
Never in history has such a legal
body been convened. Never has such
a task as the one it has before it
been of such potential significance to
the social and political well-being of
the peoples of the earth—never, at
least, since the day of a certain Ro
man procurator of Judea in Pales
tine. Pontius Pilate was unable to
face his responsibility, and finding
"that he could prevail nothing, but
rather that a tumult was made, he
took water, and washed his
hands. . .
The United States does not intend
to wash its hands of the responsibil
ity before it.
There seems to be a welter of con
fusion as to just what the function
of this “military tribunal” is; as to
just what, if any, policy has been
established by the “Office of the
Chief Counsel for the Prosecution of
Axis Criminality," which is the title
on the letterhead before me. The
permanent address of this office is,
at this writing, a little uncertain, but
it can be reached care of the Penta
gon in Washington. Soon it will es
tablish foreign headquarters.
Despite the confusion, this institu
tion has a definite policy and I shall
Interpret it informally hereunder:
(1) We shall avoid “the law’s de
lay” which so annoyed Hamlet.
My reason for this assumption is
the fact that Justice Jackson did
not retire from the Supreme court.
The fall term of the court begins in
October. Already he has made one
trip to Europe for the purpose of
rounding up key witnesses and doc
uments and is now beginning final
preparation for the prosecution. His
staff has been assembled for several
weeks and he has coordinated the
other government agencies interest
ed in war crimes (war department,
navy department, Office of Strate
gic Services, and others). Authority
for this action is vested in Execu
tive Order 9547 of May 2, 1945, which
named Justice Jackson as Amer
ican prosecutor.
Jackson himself said when he was
appointed: “There will be no delay
on the part of the United States, and
we think undue delay js itself a fail
ure.”
(2) There is no confusion as to
United States policy with respect to
ihe type of offender to be tried. Many
Individual cases have already been
prepared, though not yet announced.
Ks I mentioned earlier, what the
United States is concerned with is
the big shots, that is Jackson’s job—
to try tlie men whose offenses are
proader than those committed in and
egainst members of any single
community. To put it broadly, those
charged with crimes against human
ity as a whole.
This rules out the persons brought
back to the scene of their crimes,
the trials of spies and saboteurs
which are coming up daily, offenses
against American nationals or
against Germans, or individual acts
of persecution against Jews or oth
ers.
In other words, Jackson is after
big game and he will not be content
to Addle with minor offenses even if
committed by major criminals. His
job will be to nail those leaders who
are responsible for engineering the
whole general criminality of the
Nazi-Fascist program. The smaller
fry will be taken care of by other
legal authorities at the scene of the
individual crimes or elsewhere.
Jackson Versed
As Prosecutor
Justice Jackson’s reputatim and
his record are a pretty good guaran
tee that he will not be stumped
by any hurdles that international
lawyers might try to put in his
way. But that does not mean he
will “railroad” the accused. He will
not let the trials sink below a dig
nified judicial level. They must be,
he says, “trials in fact, not merely
trials in name, to ratify a predeter
mined result.” On the other hand,
he does not believe that “e. ery step
must be taken in accordance with
technical common law rules of
proof.” His record shows that he
is a “direct actionist”—he can be
expected to pull no punches.
I said this was the greatest chal
lenge the legal profession had ever
faced. I said that because upon the
manner in which these trials are
conducted will depend just how
clearly Naziism will be revealed to
the people of the world in its true
light. These criminals must convict
themselves and their philosophies
out of their own mouths. They must
not be allowed to stand before the
world with their testimony and that
of their accusers as a background,
as martyrs to what Jackson himself
calls “farcical judicial trials” which
rationalize previously settled opin
ions. This would destroy the con
fidence of the people in the whole
case for democracy, he believes. Nor
must the case against them be pre
sented in such a manner as might
give even the skeptical a false sug
gestion that the enemies of democ
racy have a vestige of right on their
side.
The small but efficient staff which
Justice Jackson has selected is
worth looking over.
There is Maj. Gen. William Dono
van, colorful World War I hero and
successful lawyer, now head of the
OSS; Sydney Alderman, a distin
guished trial lawyer and general so
licitor of the Southern Railway;
Francis Shea, assistant attorney
general and well versed in compli
cated litigations; Naval Lts. James
Donovan and Gordon Dean. Dono
van is general counsel of the OSS.
Dean, a former assistant attorney
general under Jackson when he was
head of the department of justice, is
a brilliant and successful lawyer who
is being transferred from active
duty by the navy for the job.
There are no hand-washing Pon
tius Pilates among them.
• • •
\
The rise in income payments to
individuals in the United States from
an annual figure of $66,168,000,000 in
the prewar year of 1938 to a record
high total of $156,794,000,000 in 1944
was extended during the first quar
ter of 1945, according to the Alex
ander Hamilton Institute. Income
payments during the first three
months amounted to $39,825,000,000
this year as against $37,726,000,000
last year, an increase of 5.6 per cent.
Income from every source showed
expansion. Salaries and wages rose
from $27,357,000,000 to $28,628,000,000,
an increase of 4.6 per cent, while
dividends and interest rose from
$2,454,000,000 to $2,770,000,000, an in
crease of 12.9 per cent.
Although spending by consumers
was at a record high rate during !
the first quarter, it is evident from
preliminary information that con
sumers' income exceeded spending i
by an amount sufficient not only to
meet taxes but to add to consumers’
wartime savings, thus increasing the
threat of inflation when peace re
turns.
BARBS . . . by B aukhage
The government has sold the camp
In New Jersey seized from the Ger
man-American Bund. It will be
made into a boys’ camp—not a con
centration camp.
• • •
Some German business men re
cently asked the American military
governor of one of their cities how
to make out an application for a loan
t& r«/v»Vi She town.
Field Marshal Mannerheim, com
mander of the Finns in their wars
with Russia, congratulated Stalin on
his victory over Germany in 73
words. Stalin replied in 19.
* • •
The British Broadcasting company
says it has proved during the war
that telling the truth can be more
effective than calculated lying. May
j be Goebbels was wrong after all.
Larger Acre Yields
Receive Weather Aid
Major Role Played
In Control of Pests
During the war years good
weather has consistently pushed
yields of crops beyond what would
be expected with ordinary condi
tions and improved farming prac
tices.
Additional credit for high acre
yields during the war years is at
tributed by Agricultural Adjustment
Grasshoppers destroy millions of
wheat dollars
agency reports to the widespread
increase of land conservation prac
tices, which aid in producing bigger
crops from the same planted acre
age.
The problem for farmers lies in
the fact that it is not easy to guess
which pests will increase and which
crops will be attacked, since weath
er conditions are very likely to en
courage some pests while reducing
others. Last fall, for instance, un
usually large populations of several
serious crop pests went into hiber
nation. As a result, observations now
show that many, such as chinch
bugs, the boll weevil, the codling
moth, and the cattle pests, the
screwworm, began the season with
the largest over-wintering popula
tion in many years.
Although entomologists do not
predict that increased insect dam
age is inevitable this year, they
urge farmers to be more watchful
than usual throughout the season,
and to take definite steps to save
crops and animals. Ordering in
secticides and equipment now, be
fore pests have attacked crops. Is
vital to proper handling of the situ
ation.
Wasteful Branding
Cuts Stockmen’s Profit
The stock raisers of America are
losing more than $10,000,000 a year
by faulty branding. Considered
necessary on the ranges to identify
ownership, and required by law in
some sections, it is possible to brand
cattle without material damage to
the hide.
The value of the hide represents
50 per cent of the by-products,
and the purchase price of all cattle
is determined by value of by-prod
cuts as well as meat. This makes it
essential that when branding is de
sirable, that the brands be as small
as possible, and placed on jaws,
neck—or that acid branding be used.
In the past, due to direct market
value of hides, producers have paid
little attention to the condition of
the hide. Ticks, grubs and brands,
which had ruined hide, were not
considered seriously. The attitude
Checked area indicate!) location of
quality hide. Dots indicate proper
brand area.
has been, "when we get paid a good
price for hides we will turn out a
quality hide " Despiie the justice
m this attitude, the farmer not only
is losing 10 million dollars annually,
but the men in service are out 3
million pair of shoes—and rationing
of civilian shoes must continue.
Hog Cholera Serum
The loss among hogs from nog
cholera has been reduced 80 per cent
since the discovery and use of the
preventive serum-virus treatment.
While sanitation is essential, it is
not always possible to protect hogs
by sanitation alone.
The most dependable preventive is
to keep the entire swine herd immu
nized by the serum-virus method.
Since dosage is governed by weight
it is more economical to treat pigs
while still young.
Famous Paintings Were
Halved and Sold as Two
Unknown even to most artists,
many of the world’s famous oil
paintings were long ago cut in two
and sold as separate pictures,
chiefly by greedy dealers, to col
lectors who had not seen the entire
work, says Collier’s.
One case came to light a short
time ago when the two sections of
The Finding of Moses by Tiepolo
happened to be displayed side by
side at an exhibition in London.
Masterpieces of sculpture have
likewise been separated, one of
which is the Lemnian Athena
whose head is at Bologna while her
body is at Dresden.
CLASSIFIED
DEPARTMENT
• Persons now engaged in essential
industry will not apply without state
ment of availability from their local
United States Employment Service.
_HELP WANTED—MEN_
AUTOMOBILE MECHANICS AND
BODY MEN
Live in the famous South Dakota Black
Hills, with plenty of fishing, hunting and
recreation at your back door. Permanent
employment, steady work and top wages
assured with an old time, well established
passenger car-truck dealer.
Write or wire collect to
Black Hills Oldsmobile Company
Rapid City - South Dakota.
MR. MECHANIC—If you want to come
West, a permanent job is waiting for yott
where living expenses are lower.
If interested contact
Fassler Machine Shop, Akron, Colorado.
EXPERIENCED CABINETMAKERS
Steady work.
ALFRED BLOOM CO. - Omaha. Nebr.
HELP WANTED—WOMEN
PART TIME INTERVIEWERS
To call on local housewives to get infor
mation on products used in tliohome.no
selling. Experienced interviewers pre
ferred, but will consider school teachers
and librarians. State age and experience.
Reply Dept. EAD, PO Box 464, Grand
Central Station, New York City.
AUTOS, TRUCKS & ACCESS.
UNRATIONED MOTOR FUEL
Available everywhere 10c per gallon. I’ve
used it for 25 years. Will send guaranteed
complete information for one dollar.
FRANK WETZEL
F. O. Box 833 - Salt Lake City. Utah.
LIVESTOCK _
BYERS BROS & CO.
A Real Live Stock Com. Firm
At the Omaha Market
MOTORCYCLES FOR SALE~
Farmer* Do Vou Need economical trans
portation? New Indian Motorcycles with
or without sidecars and vans are available
witiiout priority for essential farm uses.
Bee us for details. Indian Motorcycle Sales
& Service, Lincoln, 8, Nebraska.
Win Free Scholarship
Leorn Beauty Culture, make from $125.00
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graduates. . . .Just write us a short let
ter on "Why I wish to learn Beauty Cul
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given free to the writer of the best letter
received each week during the contest.
NEBRASKA BEAUTY SCHOOL
4707 So. 24th St.
Omaha 1 Nebraska.
DIAPER RASH
Booths and cool diaper rash, relieve irri
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in larger sizes, Always demand Mexsana.
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from MONTHLY
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cCyduL&CPi/nkhcvnuf compound
WNU—U 24—45
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