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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (May 17, 1945)
f I-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS-. Collapse of Reich Spells End To German Dominance in Europe; Truman Cuts Budget TVz Billion _____________ Released by Western Newspaper Union . (EDITOR'S NOTE: When eplnlens srs espressed In these eelnmns they are these el Westers Newspaper I'nlen's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) Spectacular photo shows iap pilot trying to maneuver plane for suicidal crash-dive on American warship off Okinawa.' EUROPE: At Allied Mercy "The direction of oar fate no longer Ilea In German hands." Thus spoke ex-Nazi Minister of Armaments and Production Albert Speer as the Anal collapse of German Karl DoeniU and Helnrick Himmler armies irom tne Baltic to the Alps signalled the break up of the once proud third reich, which had stretched Its dominance from the Atlantic to the Vol ga under the leader ship of Adolf Hitler, himself reportedly killed in the ruins of Berlin. Even as Speer spoke, new Fuehrer Karl Doenitz and Gestapo Chief Hein rich Himmler re portedly met In con ference with Allied officials for the final arrangements for surrender. But as they met, the Ger mans, striving for the best terms pos sible, threatened I prolongation of the war by a last ditch stand in mountainous Norway, where 190,000 enemy troops stood en sconced in the rugged country well supplied. Claiming to have been designated new fuehrer by Hitler himself be fore his reported death, Doenitz made an early revamp of the new nevemment in an effort to make it more tasteful to the Allies, with non Nazi Count Von Krosigk supplanting Joachim Von Ribbentrop as foreign minister. Skilled as finance minis ter, Von Krosigk played a prominent *j>art in the buildup of German indus try during the Hitler regime. Doenitz's participation in the sur render negotiations followed Himm ler’s earlier failure to arrange a capitulation to Great Britain and the U. S., the two powers Insisting on the inclusion of Russia. Although Doenitz declared that the reich was carrying on the war against the ’teds alone, Britain and America again made it plain that they could consider no surrender unless the Nazis also laid down their arms to the Russians. Germany’s end approached with the Big Three powers substantially occupying the reich along lines pre viously mapped out. with the British holding the northwest portion, the U. S. the central and south, and Rus sia the northeast. The same condi tion existed in Austria, where the Beds held Vienna and contiguous territory as planned while U. S. armies moved in to take over the western portion. As Speer sounded the death-knell of Nazi Germany, he admitted the reich was at the Allies' mercy. Said he: “It lies with our enemies wheth er they wish to grant the German people the possibilities that lie open to the nation. ... As far as the en emy allows it or where he orders it, reconstruction work should be speed ed up by every means.” * Painful Experience* Of all .the prominent German generals who surrendered to the Al lies, none was more prominent than 69-year-old Field Marshal Karl Rudolph Gerd Von Rundstedt, ace strategist who directed the enemy break-through in the Ar dennes last winter. Brought to Lieu tenant General Patch's U. S. 7th army headquarters, the tall but thin ning Junker militarist softly tom plained: ‘‘This is a painful experi ence for an old soldier. Forty-three years—a very painful experience." After accepting coffee and cognac, Von Rundstedt then asked for a cigarette, and in answer to his at tending physician’s protest against smoking because of his heart, he said: "... There are few things left now — and the doctors try to keep me from enjoying them.” Commander-in-chief of German forces in the west at the time of the Allied invastion of France, Von Rundstedt said that the American air force’s pulverization of railroads and roadways made it impossible for him to bring up reinforcements to counter the landings. Among the last men to see Hitler, Von Rundstedt said that although the fuehrer appeared in good health when he bid him farewell in March he shook as if with palsy. Pies Keep in Lockers Magicians have been pulling rab bits out of hats for a good many years, but it is only recently that scientists have found it possible to pull pies out of freezer locker units. Judging from results of a test at Rutgers university, the quick-frozen pies were voted not only as good as the freshly baked pies, but In several cases, better In flavor and qual ity of their pastry. FARM MARKETS: Present high level of demand for farm products is likely to be main tained throughout most of 1945 with consumer incomes more than suf ficient to purchase all of the farm products likely to be available to civilians this year. The index of nonagricultural in come payments for February, 1945, was 240, the highest ever recorded and nearly 5 per cent above the previous year U. S. BUDGET: Biff Cut Because of the favorable progress of the war, President Truman was able to take axe in hand and pare the budget for the year beginning July 1 bv almost $7,500,000,000 to a total of $03,000,000,000. $70,000,000, 000 of which will represent military expenditures. Biggest reduction of all was a $7,365,000,000 slash in shipbuilding funds, with the maritime commis sion left $2,242,500 for completing the present construction program and $600,000,000 for future building, reconversion of vessels and restora tion of productive facilities. Because of the expectations of an early victory in Europe, $43,710,400 was cut from the budget of the Fed eral Security administration for edu cation and training of defense workers; $13,200,000 from the Office of Scientific Research and Develop ment; $12,100,000 from the Office of War Information for psychological warfare and activities in neutral countries; $8,894,000 from the War Production board for direction over some material controls to be re moved after V-E day; $4,800,000 in the Office of Censorship for opera tions in areas contiguous to Europe, and $3,300,000 for the Office of De fense Transportation for supervi sion of traffic expected to improve by December 31. PACIFIC: U-Boat Drive Operating in air-conditioned submarines, equipped with sun lamps and ice cream machines, daring U. S. raiders are inflict ing a heavy toll on Japanese naval and cargo shipping alike, having already sunk 400,000 tons of combat vessels and 4,000,000 tons of commercial craft. De luxe furnishing of American submerslbles does not imply any softening of their doughty crews, Vice Adm. Charles Lockwood Jr., commander of Pacific U boat operations, said. Rather, air - conditioning removes the stuffiness which made the old subs akin to a Turkish bath; sun lamps provide the healthy effects of sunlight, and ice cream helps divert the men from heav ier food. Concentrating on Jap supply routes to each new place marked for American attack and inva sion, U. S. U-boats average three or four Jap ships on every trip, with sinkings of 8 and 10 ves sels not unusual. WAR PRODUCTION: Tapering Off With Germany’s collapse focusing attention on the government's eco nomic policies after V-E Day, War Production board officials revealed that arms contracts already were being cut back to lessen the shock of readjustment to a one-front war. Despite the broadening of civilian goods output after V-E Day, offi cials said, war production still will dominate industry with no less than 48 billion dollars worth of munitions and supplies turned out in the first year after victory in Europe. Because of the military needs for the Pacific war, some material and manpower controls will have to be retained, officials declared. Further, the government may have to estab lish employment priorities for such essential civilian industries as lum ber, textiles and rubber because of the limited supply of these products and their importance not only to the war but also to the manufacture of peacetime goods. DEEP DIVE: Record Set Wearing a 50-pound diving suit and a new type of helium-oxygen mask, John Browne of Milwaukee, Wis., entered a specially built tank in the basement of his diving equip ment company and remained sub merged while pumps applied pres sure equal to a depth of 550 feet of water. With the present working depth about 440 feet, purpose of the ex periment was to attempt to increase the distance for extended submarine rescue and salvage operations. Claiming the test a success, Browne averred that dives of even 650 feet may be possible. While at the simulated depth of 550 feet, Browne was under pres sure of 240 pounds a square inch or a total of 570,000 pounds. Expensive Feedbag To be lifted after V-E Day, the ban on horse raring has been costing breed ers and owners an estimated S5,000,000 monthly for upkeep without return, turfmen report. Expense was based upon maintenance of 32jOOO horses, of which 20,000 includ ed stallions, mures, weanlings and year lings on furms; 6,000 in training at e cost of |7 daily, and another 6,000 run ners at S3 daily. With some turfmen estimating loss of 14,000,000 in revenue from purses since January 3, when the ban went into ef fect, many horsemen have been hard pressed, obtaining assistance from track managements on a loan basis. SAN FRANCISCO: Postwar Bases Formation of international trus teeships for conquered territor ies, for areas taken over in the last war and for subject people oc cupied the attention of the delegates to the United Nations postwar secu rity conference in San Francisco. Because the U. S. again will be chiefly responsible for the defense of the Pacific in the postwar era, the subject was of especial concern to the American representatives, who pressed for acceptance of a plan under which this country could per manently lease bases on conquered islands without being compelled to turn them over to any other trustee power. The power was patterned after this country's arrangements with Great Britain calling for the 99 year lease of bases in Bermuda, Newfoundland and the West In dies, and the agreement with Pana ma under which the U. S. occupies the canal zone for $250,000 per year. MEAT CRISIS: House Report Adequate pricing backed by ac companying government subsidies was urged by a special house com mittee investigating food shortages to help relieve the pressing meat situation. In placing stress upon the neces sity for readjusting the price struc ture. the committee asserted that OPA got off on the wrong foot by first establishing retail prices, then working down the line with the inter jection of subsidies in an effort to remove resulting inequities. Ruling out an increase in retail prices, the committee rather recom mended the payment of $4 more a hundredweight for fat cattle, and also asked an increase in hog floors to $13.50. Only by assuring pro ducers a profitable price margin can black markets be curbed, the com mittee declared. Output Drops More than 400,000,000 pounds less meat which may move in interstate commerce was produced in April compared with the same month last year, according to a report re fused by the American Meat insti tute. ^pril meat production for all kinds showed substantial reduction com pared with the preceding month beef and veal, 19 and 18 per cent, respectively, lamb and pork, 13 per cent respectively, the institute said. People Deciding Factor Of Security Conference Heed of Public Will to Build Effective Barrier Against Future Wars Marks Delibera tions From Past Parleys. By BAUKHAGE News Analytt and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, I). C. CONFERENCE HEADQUAR TERS, SAN FRANCISCO—The ex tent to which deliberations of the United Nations conference on inter national organization will be a suc cess can now be readily predicted. All we need is a master-mathema tician who will solve for “x"—the unknown. The proposition is simple: let m equal one molotov, s equal one stet tinius, e equal one eden. The equa tion reads: m over s plus e equals x Solve for x, the unknown power of the will of the people. We have a certain amount of cor ollary data to help us. In 1815 there was a meeting called the Congress of Vienna. It was fab ulously attended by kings, princes, a czar and an emperor as well as the ministers and diplomats who ran Europe at the time. It convened for very definite purposes, including the checking for all time certain dan gerous tendencies which were be ginning to make themselves felt. One matter which had really brought about the conference was the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte. Unfortu nately there was a sudden reap pearance of that gentleman, who broke his bonds of servitude at Elba, to play a short but fearsome return engagement. This threat of the return of an upstart dictator who managed to provide himself with a crown based on no more divine right than was supplied by his legions caused the congress its Jitters but didn’t inter fere with the frolicsome tenor of its ways. It had been a decade of headaches for crowned heads. There was the French revolution, quashed by that time, it is true, but a dangerous threat to the ermine. There was the strange government which would have no traffic with kings at all which seemed to be prospering across the seas in the wilds of Amer ica. And then this highly irreverent attitude toward the divine right of kings. It was all very important to the delegates at Vienna but like the sol dier on guard here at the conference building in San Francisco it was confusing, so they let George do it. Thousands of *Souls* Traded at Congress And so at Vienna with all the pro tocol and deference in the world, Talleyrand took over. He let the congress dance. He ran it, divid ed up the spoils; traded so many thousand “souls” for so many thou sand others, for thus he referred to the various sections of Europe's population he was playing with. He called them souls but he didn’t even consider them human beings with human rights. They had nothing to say about it and they said it, silently. A year less than a century later there arose another war-lord who had forgotten nothing and learned nothing concerning European dicta torships. One of the best jobs of wrecking civilization up to that time was achieved by Kaiser Wilhelm and the world had to get together again to see what could be done about it again. They met in Paris in 1919. This time the twilight of the kings had become so thick that scepters were decidedly out, but considerable change had taken place in the in tervening century. At the Congress of Vienna there was not a single constitutional government, except that of Britain, represented. There was no freedom of the press, and no public opinion. At Paris the Al lied press was hardly free of its war time censorship but managed to stir up considerable excitement—and the government-controlled French pa pers made plenty of trouble for Wilson. The people were conscious of their desires but still not entirely vocal. The conference was soon tossed from the delegates to smaller and smaller groups and finally reached “The Big Three”—Wilson, Lloyd George and Clemenceau, and the greatest of these as a negotiator, was Clemenceau. He had more op position than Talleyrand, perhaps, but he certainly was no less suc cessful. Then came the 20-year interlude and the tempo of the world In creased so that it provided another) world war which called for another international gathering within 28' years; came San Franeisco, another "Big Three" and the growing but still the unknown "x,” the power of the people. Molotov Lives Up To His Name First, to evaluate the “m” in our equation, it is necessary to take a look which goes back to Paris 1919 and even reveals faint images of Vienna, 1815. There is no question that "m" (standing for Molotov) was the conference at San Francisco in the early period, at least, but there was a vast difference between his opera tions and those of Clemenceau. Clemenceau could and did unloose a bag of traditional diplomatic tricks on Lloyd George and Wilson and soon proved that his white-gloved, gallic hands were quicker than two pairs of anglo-saxon eyes. Clemenceau wanted security for France and elimination of Germany as a competitor in world industry. Molotov wants security for Rus sia, elimination of any danger of political competition from the "capi talistic" countries. But he wears no gloves, kid or otherwise. This, per haps, is not because he, personally, is inept in the amenities of diplo matic relations, but rather because he is under orders, with no latitude of compromise whatever unless Stalin grants it. And Russia, an out law among nations after the Bolshe vik revolution, has only begun to take its first faltering steps beyond the pale of its own prejudices and preoccupations. And the bear steps furtively, blinded by suspicion, hy persensitive because of well-justified past doubts and fears. By the second day of the confer ence Molotov had deeply grieved the Latin Americans. When the suave and persuasive Ezequil Padilla, Mexican foreign minister, in urging the election of Secretary Stettinius as president of the conference re marked that it was merely following diplomatic procedure and courtesy to elect the representative of the country playing host to the confer ence, Molotov is said to have re plied that he hoped no one was try ing to give him lessons in diplo matic procedure and as for courtesy —this was not a tea party. Molotov is the commissar’s “nom de-guerre.” It is an old communist custom to take pseudonyms, e.g. ‘‘Stalin,’’ man of steel.” Molotov means "hammer.” And that is what the benevolent-looking gentleman from Moscow wields, not the rapier of the diplomatist. Thus, when he “controlled” the conference, he did it as a man swinging a hammer might—the rest had to get out of the way. But hammer swinging is not always suc cessful. The rapier wielders in the case I mentioned quickly circum vented the issue of the conference presidency by obtaining an agree ment that there would be four presi dents as the hammer-swinger de manded but—their powers would all be delegated to Mr. Stettinius to con duct the business of the conference. Today’s Talleyrand has much to learn in the school of soft gloves. And so we come to the delta, the strength of the spirit of the people. As I write these lines within the building where the committee meet ings take place, the fate of the con ference has not been settled but I am assuming it is about to conclude, having achieved its job which was merely to complete a blue-print for world organization. Its later ef fects cannot yet be assayed. But I can say at this point with absolute assurance that if the blue-print is not produced the peoples of the va rious representatives will figurative ly fall upon their delegates and tear them limb from limb. If the blue print is produced and if the organ ization operates effectively and suc cessfully the credit goes to the demos the "absent voters” at San Francisco, who had no vote at Vien na and didn’t know how to use what they had at Paris. And so the task of our mathema tician becomes the task of the meta physicist. He must discover the power of the spirit of the people. BARBS . . . by B auk h age Some of the foreign delegates to the San Francisco conference thought they had got into the wrong pew. Looking at all the moving pic ture cameras around the place, they thought they were in Hollywood. • • • The weather was so fine for most of the conference that the natives almost lost that important word “un usual” from their vocabularies. It wasn’t entirely western hospi tality we found, when the taxi doors flew open when we were ready to get out—they were automatically controlled by the driver. Perhaps some of the fares had left too in formally in the past. • • • All high in shortages was reached when a San Francisco restaurant ran out of orange juice. Vegetable Oil Crop Needs Continue High Total Fat and Oil Supplies Decrease GROWERS of vegetable oil crops are being urged by the War Food administration to remember pressing war needs for those oils and to keep production at a high level by meeting their acreage goals. Total oil crop acreage is substan tially increased over 1944, although most of the change comes from the Canning Vegetable Oils. 64 per cent step-up on flaxseed. The peanut goal is down slightly, but emphasis is being placed on increas ing acre yield to offset the smaller plantings. Final goal for peanuts picked and threshed is 3.230,000 acres. Harvest of 10,757,000 acres of soybeans is sought, and planting of the needed 5,000,000 acres of flaxseed is already well under way. Demand for fats and oils is ex pected to continue strong in 1945, while the total available supply will be considerably reduced. Pro duction of some 9.8 billion pounds from domestic materials is antici pated, over 1 billion pounds less than the 10.9 billion pounds pro duced in 1944. Chief cause given is lower lard production. Domestic edible oils — cottonseed, soybean, corn and peanut—may reach a total production 100 to 200 million pounds more this year than last, largely due to an increased harvest of cottonseed from the 1944 crop. Military demands for fats and oils, including butter and lard, are heavy, both for the expanded mili tary program and for relief dis tribution in areas under military jurisdiction. Preliminary estimates made by United States department of agri culture experts indicate a domestic disappearance of fat and oil prod ucts in 1944 totalling more than 10.3 billion pounds (in terms of fat con tent), for an increase of about 400 million pounds over 1943. Expanded production of soap for the military, with some increase for civilians, is believed to have been the major fac tor. Domestic disappearance of cotton seed oil declined 172 million pounds last year, reflecting the reduction in output, but the effect on supplies of food fats was partly offset by an increase of 101 million pounds in the use of soybean oil for this purpose. x——————————— Agriculture In the News W. J. DRYDEN White Oak The oaks are among the most im portant hardwood species in the United States, due to large quantity of oak available and its strength and beauty. There are 00 different species of oak, scattered over nearly all parts of the coun try. The wood of the wrute oaks generally lacks the red dish tinge common in the red oaks. It grows slowly, so is not as profit able for timber planting as red oak. In planting, best results are ob tained from acorns, instead of trans planting the deep taproot young trees. The tree is valuable for or namental planting, furniture, floor ing, motor vehicle parts, railroad cars, general millwork. boxes and crates, caskets and coffins, ship and boat building, agricultural imple ments, railroad ties, fuel, cooperage j and mine timbers. Hands Carry Mastitis The streptococcic bacteria which cause most cases of mastitis can be carried on the milker’s hands, de spite the most thorough scrubbing and disinfection, according to the University of Wisconsin specialists. The organisms were found on hands of milkers six to eight hours after the last milking. Control is easier on milking machines. No bac teria was found on hands of men who used milking machines, doing only the stripping by hand. - ^ PLANTS FOR S A LJB Sweat Potato, Tomato, Cabbage, Kohlrabi. Cauliflower. Pepper, Egg Plant*. Ill Plant* $1 Postpaid. KEN GEL8TKK. West Point. Nebraska A quick and easy way to clean windows is to take a paper towel and rub over the windows on a damp day. —•— Parsley will keep fresh for a week or ten days if stored in a wide-mouthed screw-top jar. —•— The locks, hinges and furniture castors in your home will be all the better if you give them a good oiling from time to time. You will find it useful to keep a small jar of lubricating or sweet oil handy. Apply the lubricant with a feather,, it is easier for getting into minute grooves. Spread newspaper over the carpet under furniture castors. —•— Cellar walls should be looked after frequently to keep water and dampness from seeping in and rotting out or undermining the foundation of the house. —•— When using a screw-top can to save old paints or varnish, smear hand soap on the threads and the cap will not stick. The soap will help make the closing air-tight. Tar stains may be removed from ^ cotton fabrics by covering the spot with butter and allowing it to re main for a few hours before wash ing. MdkdMAMtmMJiMMBv It’s Like Taking Out SUCCESS INSURANCE for Your Baking • • • ...When you Use MAC At the Amazing ^ Fast Dry Yeast. Use Just Like C Compressed Yeast I "Yes ma'am! Using Maca is a won derful 'policy'—a success 'insurance policy’ for your baking. This mar velous quick-rising dry yeast helps you turn out perfect bread and rolls— with a rich golden beauty, a light, velvety-smooth texture—and SUPER DELICIOUS OLD-FASHIONED FLA VOR! Maca helps you bake faster, more easily, too... requires no special tricks or recipes. Use it the same way you use compressed yeast!” and MACA is so HANDY I Keeps Without Refrigeration! "Believe me, it’s a comfort to have a supply of Maca on the pantry shelfL Saves you extra trips to the store-for Maca stays fresh for weeks without refrigeration/ Every package is dated for your com plete protection. 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