|-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Allies in "Big Heave" Seal Off Ruhr Valley Production Center; Clay to Rule Occupied Reich Released by Western Newspaper Unton - (EDITOR'S NOTE: When eplnlena nre expressed In these columns, they are these sf Westers Newspaper talon's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) German dead litter road as British Tommies drive toward Berlin In root of enemy forces on 21st army front. EUROPE: Last Great Arsenal The last great source of Ger many’s supply of war materiel had been sealed off as tanks of Lieu tenant General Hodges’ U. S. 1st army swept before them all resist ance in their spectacular dash to wards Berlin. The British 2nd army, pounding across the north German plain, had steadily drawn closer and closer to the 1st army. Ruhr valley war production centers had been ef fectively sealed off. Typical of the magnitude of the American forces was the one-day bag of 14,000 Nazi prisoners taken by General Patton’s 3rd army in its sensational drive eastward. City after city had fallen into Al lied hands under Eisenhower’s steam roller. Among the rich prizes were Frankfurt - on - the • Main (546, 000), ranking ninth in the German Reich, Mannheim (283,000) which fell to Lieutenant General Patch's Tth army, and Essen which led all Europe in the production of muni tions. Clearly the final doom of Nazi pow er was sounding. Prime Minister Churchill of Great Britain declared he believed the "hour of success" was at hand. Still some military authorities pointed out that a final Nazi stand might be made in moun tainous southern Germany but tressed by defenses in northern Italy and the industrial resources of Czechoslovakia. Spring rains and fog had kept the Italian front quiet, but observers had expected Gen. Mark Clark’s armies to begin massive smashes northward. Relentless Reds In the East, Russian armies had kept up their relentless pressure on Berlin and elsewhere, with ar mored divisions sweeping over the Austrian border from western Hun gary and closing ever closer on Vienna. Marshall Rokossovsky’s 2nd White Russian army battered deeper into Danzig. Once unconditional surrender was achieved, civil affairs in Germany would be under direction of MaJ. Gen. Lucius D. Clay, who had had charge of materiel procurement for the army service forces when War Mobilization Director Byrnes bor rowed him last December as his dep uty In charge of the war program. The appointment, the White House said, was made by Gen. George Marshall, army chief of staff. Clay was appointed deputy to General Eisenhower. PACIFIC: Worst to Come Already feeling the sting of heavy U. S. aerial bombardment, Japanese found no comfort in Gen. H. H. (*'Hap”) Arnold’s announcement that America would bring the full weight of its tremendous air power to bear upon the Nipponese once the war in Europe ended. As Arnold spoke, the strategic Ryukyu islands stretching between the Jap homeland and Formosa be came the latest target for American assaults, with carrier planes team ing with warships in blasting the 500 mile-long chain preparatory to ground attack. In declaring that the U. S. planned to use every plane against the Jap anese after Germany’s fall to has ten their defeat. General Arnold said that not only would Amer ican air power smash the enemy’s industry, but it would also shat ter his communication lines to bring about his collapse. DEMOBILIZATION: Small Scale Though gome combat troops in the European theater of war will be demobilized after Germany'! fall, all service, air force and naval person nel will be retained to continue the fight against the Japanese, officials indicated. Demobilization of some combat troops will result from inability to make full use of them in the Pacific for geographic reasons, it was said, but the exact extent of release will depend upon conditions in Europe. All members of the service branches will be needed for the construction of staging areas and bases in the Pacific, and the air force intends to bring its full weight to bear against the Japanese. Because all approaches to the Pa cific theater of war are over water, and because ships will have to bear the bulk of supplies, all naval per sonnel will be required to bring about the Japanese’s fall as quickly as possible, Fleet Admiral King de clared. MANPOWER: Buck Controls Though the President made a strong appeal for passage of the compromise manpower control bill, under which plants would be limited in the number of persons they could employ and workers and farmers alike would be frozen to present jobs, the measure encountered rough going in the senate. Despite the fact that the legisla tion fell short of military leaders’ demands for a labor draft, the Presi dent said, its terms assured contin ued high production for the knockout blow against Germany, and provid ed for keeping workers on the job after the Nazis’ fall. Senators pointed up the great war time production record of the U. S. tn opposing legislation tightening control over both employers and em ployees, and O’Mahoney (Wyo.) hit arguments that passage of the bill would convince G.I.s that the home front was behind them. Rather, he said, defeat of the measure would assure licm of retention at home of the freedoms for which they are fighting. TARIFF: Fight Renewed Calling for authority to slosh tar iffs 50 per cent under January, 1945, levels in an extension of the recipro cal trade agreements act for three years, President Roosevelt touched off a renewal of the historic tariff fight in congress. While the President said that further tariff cuts would offer other countries the opportunity to obtain funds for purchases here, the Republicans argued that a flow of cheap goods into this country would threaten American producers. And while the President declared that in creased imports would add to employment in the processing and distributing businesses here, the Republicans predicted the program would defeat the an nounced goal of 60,000,000 post war jobs. Passage of the President's propos als would allow as much as a 75 per cent tariff reduction under the Smoot-Hawley rates of 1930 on some items, it was pointed out. Under the original reciprocal trade act of 1934, reductions of 50 per cent were permitted, and since these cuts al ready have been made on some items, another 50 per cent decrease would amount to 75 per cent in all. Italian Prisoners Save U. S. Manpower ‘Million Man-Days* Italian service units in the U. S., helping to relieve the manpower shortage by contributing one million man-days per month of essential skilled and unskilled labor at mili tary installations, total approximate ly 35,000 men, the war department reported. The members of the Italian Serv * ice Units wear Class B army cloth ing from which all army buttons and insignia have been removed and on which have been sewn distinctive sleeve and hat patches bearing the word “Italy." They are paid $24 monthly, which approximates the 80 cents per work day paid ordinary prisoners of war engaged in labor. The government receives the regu lar wage scale for their work. RATIONING: Smaller Supplies Already warned of a 12 per cent reduction in meat for the next three months, civilians took the first big hitch in their belts for the current quarter with the announcement of an Increase in the point values of pork, sausages and canned meat products. While news of the tightening of these and other controls over fats and oils occupied the home front, it was announced that all babies’ leather shoes would be rationed after April. In raising the point values on pork, sausages and canned meat products, OPA said that there would be 5 per cent less meat available during April, but the decrease in supplies would hit civilians harder in May and June. Coincident with the new controls over the aforemen tioned meats, it was announced that point values also would be boosted on lard, along with shortening, mar* gerine, and salad and cooking oils. Hit Shortage Discussing the meat shortage, the national livestock committee of the American Farm bureau charged that low price ceilings re tarded increased production of beef, and said assurances of minimum re turns would lead to greater pork out put. The committee’s report came even as congress conducted hearings on the tight meat situation, with rep resentatives of all branches of the industry calling for an upward re vision in ceiling prices. In establishing ceilings on grade AA and A beef, the committee said, OPA assumed that the last 200 or 300 pounds a steer gained in the feed lot was mostly fat later wasted in the kitchen. On the other hand, the committee declared, fat of a steer is distributed through its meat. Speaking of pork, the committee stated that farmers cut hog produc tion at the government's request, and would raise it again if guarantees were forwarded against market breaks. ARGENTINA: On Band-Wagon With Germany’s collapse immi nent, Argentina was quick to jump on the Allied bandwagon with a dec laration of war against the Axis, but In so doing, she carefully point ed out that her policy was governed by the desire to cooperate with other inter-American countries and participate in the United Nations’ peace parley in San Francisco. By taking this action, Argentina ended six years of hemispheric iso lation, during which time the coun Rising in Britain’s house of com mons,, l.aborile Ivor Thomas asked Foreign Secretary Anthony F.den: “Would it be the duty of a British soldier uho seeks Hitler to shoot him or try to bring him bark alive?” Replied F.den: “I am content to leave thut to the judgment of any British soldier." try professed a willingness to co operate in inter-American affairs, but maintained an independent course in foreign relations. Final determination to play a full and important part befitting her po sition in inter-American affairs led to the decision to declare hostilities against the Axis, with ardent na tionalists and some army leaders, however, resisting the move to the last. LABOR-MANAGEMENT: Postwar Charter Recognizing management’s control over its own business and labor’s right to organize and bargain. Presi dents Eric Johnston of the U. S. Chamber of Commerce, William Green of the AFL, and Philip Mur ray of the CIO signed an agreement looking toward good relations be tween employer and employee in the postwar world when lower produc tion might lead to unrest. In effect, the agreement proposes the establishment of voluntary ma William Green (left), Eric Johnston (center) and Philip Murray confer on labor-management charter. chinery for the peaceful settlement of disputes and continuance of pro duction in the postwar period, to take the place of present wartime government controls regulating re lations. Toward this end, creation of a special arbitration board ap peared likely. In reaching the agreement, the parties tended to relieve manage ment's fear that an oversupply of workers might be led into a violent left-wing movement after the war, and labor's apprehension that com panies might deliberately hire sur plus help to break unions. LAND REFORM Significant changes are taking place in land tenure of eastern Eu rope, according to the Alexander Hamilton institute. In Poland. Ro mania and Hungary, the big estates are being broken up and the land divided among the peasantry. This development is likely to lead to low er production and declines in ex ports. Reduction in outputs is partly due to the fact that cultivation on small plots is not as economical as on large estates. United Nations' Parley Holds Hope of World Russia Important Factor in Outcome of Peace Conference; U. S. Delegation Working for Successful Formula. By BAUKHAGE Newt Analytt and Commentator. iVNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. I walked down the cool, twilit cor ridor of the senate office building and out into the warm spring sun. As I crossed the threshold, the light on the bright white marble step blinded me and for a second 1 groped downward blindly. As I stood a moment recovering my equilibrium the thought flashed through my mind that this experi ence was very much like the longer one which preceded it. I had been talking with Vice President Truman, Senators Connally, Vandenberg and others about the forthcoming meet ing in San Francisco of the United Nations. , I recalled Truman’s nervously en ergetic speech as he assured me that he was giving his time to just one thing: acting as liaison between the President and the senate to keep the chief executive and the legisla tive leaders as nearly in step as pos sible. I recalled Senator Vandenberg’s expression as 1 left him plunged deep in the thousand extra tasks and worries which his function as Re publican member of the delegation had plunged him. He had said: "If San Francisco doesn’t succeed it will be the greatest moral blow the world has ever experienced.” I thought of Connally’s careful pol icy of withholding public comment or quotation concerning the coming conference, except carefully thought out statements or speeches such as the one he will make in the senate before the conference. His is the delicate task as senior administra tion representative on the delegation of maintaining a balance between the views of the Republican mem bers represented on the delega tion, the administration’s viewpoint, and his own and other personal views. After all, as senate major ity leader he is responsible for help ing to carry out a policy which not only a majority, but two-thirds of the senate will accept. I also thought of the wide vari ance of views expressed by mem bers of both houses not directly con nected with the negotiations and of the great reticence of many who hesitate to express any view at this time. And I thought of the out-and-out isolationists; a very few who admit that position and others whose doubts and suspicions battle with what they feel has been the strong trend for wholehearted cooperation which the various polls and other media of public expression appear to register. These kinetic thoughts moving now in harmony, now in friction, seemed suddenly to have generated a blinding light that burst into the shadows of the complacent assur ance which had enveloped me and left me a little dizzy. What a tre mendous opportunity seems to be offered to a war-weary world; what a fatal possibility if the effort fails. Fear of Russia Shades Future It is clear that such doubt and sus picion as may have arisen as to the possibility of failure of achievement of world cooperation arises chiefly from one thing: fear of Russia. Next is the feeling in some quarters that Churchill’s inability always to get along with Stalin bodes ill for tri party harmony and some feel that the United States Instead of trying to bring the two closer together should identify American interests more closely with Britain as opposed to those of Russia. Then there is still the unhealed sore which President Roosevelt’s personal emissary, Edward Flynn, has been trying to heal, the friction between the Vatican and the Krem lin. Lastly and perhaps more disturb ing is what appears to be unilateral action toward small countries on the part of Russia in spite of the Yalta agreement. Now those persons like Vice Presi dent Truman, who take the more positive and more hopeful view, feel that some of these factors have been built into bogey-men, that granted they exist as facts, that Churchill and Stalin don't always see eye to eye and that even less sympathy ex ists between the Catholic church and the head of the Communist party, none of these situations need affect the creation of an international or ganization. As to fear of Russia Well, frank ly, I cannot understand the workings of the official Russian mind, I can not understand the hysterical at tacks in the Russian press on Walter Lippman, for instance, who has been in the first ranks of those who urge Russo-American unity; attacks on Senator Vandenberg against whom they throw their whole book of anti fascist vocabulary when he is on record as supporting a three-power treaty for disarming the axis which would be the basis of the chief thing Stalin wants—an agreement of the only two great powers besides his own country, which would guarantee Russian security. I do not understand all this. I do not accept the propaganda which tries to say that communist govern ment is democracy. But there is one thing which sold me on playing ball with Russia. That is the pa tient, earnest and convincing argu ment of former Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who certainly has no more love for communism than he has for fascism, who was never ac cused of wandering with his head in the clouds or of trying to reform the world, or square the circle, and although he has faith a-plenty he wouldn’t try to move a mountain without a bulldozer. His argument boils down to this: Russia and America need each oth er. Russia knows this. There are fewer obstacles to a practical un derstanding between the countries than there are reasons why we should work together for mutual benefit. Sponsors Provisions For Adjustments Though it is generally agreed that the support of the American people of any international organization of which Russia is a part depends on the conduct of the Kremlin between now and the end of the San Fran cisco conference, Senator Vanden berg goes farther than that. He says that the support of the necessary two-thirds of the United States sen ate for any organization which rec ognizes international organization depends upon inserting into the document which defines it, what he calls an "escape clause." That es cape clause would permit the re adjusting of certain conditions now existing, certain sore spots which he feels may become cancers. The es cape clause would permit the Unit ed Nations to escape from any re striction which prevented what they feel is the righting of wrongs. “Injustice,” says Vandenberg, "is a strait jacket and you can’t keep the world in a strait jacket.” Of course, there are a lot of Polish votes in Vandenberg’s constituency and a member of congress is such by virtue of, and the powers he ex erts are delegated by, the people who put him in office. Nevertheless, he is not speaking merely for his Polish constituents when he talks about including in the jurisdiction of the United Nations, the administer ing of justice. That is the trade mark he wants to put on any or ganization which comes out of San Francisco. Other members of the delegation have trademarks of their own. But as nearly as I can judge all are willing to make considerable sacri fice of their personal views, rather than shake the world’s morale with failure to produce anything • • • The safety record of the rail roads in the present war is much better than that in the First World war, the Interstate Commerce com mission reports. This is true, the commission points out, despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in the last few years in the number of acci dents arising from the operation of trains and the number of casualties resulting therefrom. "It appears,” the commission says, "that for each class of per son the fatalities were much great er in World War I than they were in ; World War II. the total for all | classes being 10.087 in 1917 and 9,286 in 1918, compared with 5,337 in 1942 and 5,051 in 1943 In the two decades prior to our entry into the present war, notable progress was | made in reducing railway acci dents. and especially those resulting in casualties to passengers and em ployes In 1932 and again in 1935 but a single passenger was reported as killed in a train accident, although 18 and 24 respectively in those years were killed in the train-service acci dents, as in getting on and off cars.” • 11 —---I BARBS . . . by B auk ha ge The cherry blossoms in Washing ton beat spring by 2Vt hours—which shows that even the good old spirit of competition and free enterprise is favored by Nature herself. • • • About the only long-horn cattle left are the ones in the Washington zoo, the stuffed one at the Houston air port and the photographs of them in the Texas congressmen’s offices. What is a Brahmin? An Indian priest? Maybe, but for many a southwestern farmer it is half of an American calf. • • • Vice President Truman is an ex captain of artillery (World War I) I am an ex-lieutenant in the same branch of service. The other day we reminisced on dodging the fast ones, then and now. New Chemical Aids Farm Production Many Weed Control Problems Answered REPORTS of excellent results In killing weeds in grass plots, lawns and pastures, without dam aging the grasses, promises impor tant new uses of a compound called 2-4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2-4 D for short.) Water sprays containing this com pound in specified solutions killed heavy stands of dandelion and nar row-leaf plantain without injury to the grass. Experiments with lawn pennywort in areas of turf that were heavily infested with the weed, resulted in destruction by 2-4-D acid of heavy stands of turf pest without accom panying injury to the established grass. New grass seedlings coming from seed planted several weeks after the chemical treatment were not affected. Repeated applications were found necessary to kill out Spray to KiU Weeds. noxious plants that came .up later from weed seeds that were not caught by the first spray. Other weeds readily killed by the compound, according to a govern ment report, included chickweed, pigweed, woodsorrel, knotweed and broadleaf dock. Well established blue gTass was not injured by the potent new herbi cide. The creeping bent grasses were found much less resistant to it but resistant enough to permit the killing of susceptible weeds without being destroyed themselves. The 2-4-D acid’s effect on suscepti ble weeds and clover is much dif ferent from that of other chemical herbicides. Instead of producing a local burning effect, and destroying only a part of the plant, it spreads and kills the entire plant, roots and all. Agriculture In the News By W. J. Dryden ‘COW OF CHINA' Recorded in history since 2838 B. C., soybeans have come into their own as a leading American farm crop. For centuries the Buddhist Soybeans muriKs nave uvea chiefly on soy bean cheese—to day we are liter ally fighting a war with soy beans. Soybeans are one of the few food products in which the protein content is im proved by cook ing. Among the food uses of soybeans and soybean oil are shortening, mar garine, salad dressing, bakery goods, ice cream, macaroni, flour, soy milk, bean curd, soy sauce, di abetic foods, sausage filler, candy and meat substitutes. The industrial uses include paints, varnishes, enamels, linoleum, oil cloth, fabrics, protective coating ma terial, lecithin for mineral oil, soaps, etc., rubber substitute, printing ink. adhesives, plastics, leather tanner, medicine, synthetic wool, bee food, beer element and as food for live stock and poultry. Distillers’ Grains High in vitamin B complex, dis tillers’ dried grains, available in most localities, can be profitably in cluded in the wartime poultry ra tion. Recent experiments at Purdue have proved that the distillers’ dried solubles are capable of entirely re placing milk in the ration of growing chicks. Six pounds of the solubles will take the place of five pounds of dried milk. While they will not fur nish all the animal nutrition need ed, they are an excellent addition to the chick’s ration. TEIEFACT SHOULD FARM OWNERS ORGANIZE? (fORTUNt ROW VA »Ji. ^A. TlA It > -TTT' 'ir. sTt) vtpti y-i im im i i ss ill j 24.1% 4 DON 7 Cji KNOW || ] i2.j% SPRAYER TOR 8ALE FOK SALE: Hayei tree sprayer. 60 gal. capacity, hand power. 126.00. John F. Botsen, Upland, Nebraska. 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