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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (March 29, 1945)
-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Report German Peace Bids as Allies Press Attacks on Reich; Act to Assure Civilian Supply _ Released by Western Newspaper Union. - ■ ■■ (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinion* are expressed In the** column*, they are thoss of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily ef this newspaper.) Indicating the modern network of roads over which the Germans have been moving military supplies east of the Rhine, this aerial photo showi the Adolf Hitler superhighway near U. S. 1st army bridgehead. Map out lines extensive road system tn territory. EUROPE: Rebuff Nazis Amid a flurry of talk that high German groups had sounded the U. S. and Britain out on peace pos sibilities, Allied armies maintained their heavy pressure against Nazi lines in both the east and west. According to one report, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower rebuffed Field Marshal von Rundstedt’a approach for an armistice, under which the latter offered to pull German armies beyond the Rhine, where they have been forced, and disarm them. Published in Sweden’s Svenska Dagbladet, the other report dealt with German overtures to a British official for an armistice for preserv ing the Reich as a bulwark ngainst the “Bolshevik menace.” To Include the retention of the Nazis in office and the evacuation of occupied ter ritory, the offer also was flatly re jected, it was said. Even as the reports came through, Germany rocked under the tremor of continued heavy aerial assaults, aimed at Nazi Industrial installa tions, communication lines feeding "Town Buster’ Latest Bomb To Britain's famed “blockbust er” and “earthquake” bomba has been added another, the 114on “town boater,” developed to penetrate to the underground fac tories the Germans established to avoid bombardment. Carried by Britain’s four-en glned Lancasters, the “town buster” measures 25 >4 feet In length and almost four feet In di ameter. Upon releasing the heavy load, the huge planes have bounced up as high as 500 feet from relief of the weight. Packing a tremendous wallop In itself, the “town buster” supplements the six-ton “earth quake” bomb, which sank the German battleship, Tlrpltx, and penetrated 15-foot-thlck concrete roofs of U-boat pens. their armies and troop concentra tions massed to meet Allied attacks In both east and west. In the east, Russia grouped the bulk of her manpower for the grand assault on Berlin, heavily defended by an extended network of pill boxes, tank traps and infantry ob stacles, which could be flooded. As the Russians built up their forces beyond the Oder for the smash on the German capital, other Red forces were on the move in both Upper Silesia and Hungary, in an effort to pry open the roads to the rich industrial districts of Czecholovakia and Austria, feeding the Nazi wehrmacht. In the west, German war produc tion was seriously threatened as U. S. and British armies closed on both the Ruhr and Saar valleys. Not only was the Ruhr menaced by the U. S. 9th and British 2nd armies from the west, but Lt. Gen. Court ney Hodges’ U. S. 1st moved up from its Remagen bridgehead to threaten lt from the south. The U. S. 3rd and 7th armies also were applying a vise on the Saar valley, with the 3rd pressing in from the north and east, and the 7th squeezing ahead from the south. Taking full advantage of their ex tensive road system and short supply lines, the Germans fought viciously to hold both all-important regions. SERVE G.I. All over Europe the transportation corps military railway services are hauling 50,000 tons a month of meats, fresh vegetables and dairy products—literally bringing “fillets in his foxhole" to G.I. Joe. Reefer cars make it possible to deliver good food in good condition. Months before the invasion, at erection depots in different parts of England, men of the railway shop battalions labored to construct the reefer cars from prefabricated sec tions sent over from the States. FOOD: Probe Supply Following hard upon War Moblli zer Byrnes’ formation of a special group to review all demands for non military exports to protect essential ci vilian supplies in this country, senate war investigating committee an nounced the conduct of an inquiry into the food situation currently marked by the growing scarcity of meat. James F. Bjrrnss Revelation of the senate commit tee’s probe followed demands of mid western senators for rectification of government food policies, which, they declared, discouraged fatten ing of cattle because of failure to bring prices and feed costs in line with production, and failed to place agriculture on a par with war in dustry. Just before the congressional storm broke, Byrnes proclaimed the organization of a special group to determine that Europe's demands for relief and rehabilitation would not interfere with U. S. civilian needs, and even to review past commitments in the same light. Following Byrnes’ action, capital circles buzzed with talk that the War Food administration, for one, had approached him for help in al locating the shrinking food supply during 1945, with prospects of from 30 to 25 per cent less meat. 10 to 15 per cent less vegetable oils and fats, and 10 per cent less sugar. Meanwhile, it was revealed, lend lease purchases in recent weeks have been severely reduced be cause of the growing meat shortage. Although the government has been receiving larger allocations than for merly, it was pointed out, still the drop in slaughtering has reduced the volume available over last year, and practically Only military demands are being satisfied. As a result, lend-lease meat ton nage has been slashed almost 80 per cent in the last two months, with pork purchases in one week down about 84 per cent from last year, canned meats 86 per cent, and other products from 93 to 97 per cent. PACIFIC: Air Lashings With long range U. S. bombers based within flying distance of Japan as a result of the recent con quest of outlying islands in bloody but valuable fighting, the enemy’s great industrial cities have more and more been feeling the lash of heavy bombardment. Carried on even as General Mac Arthur’s forces in the Philippines tightened their grip on the sprawl ing archipelago guarding the inner China sea lane, and as begrimed marines finished off a stubborn foe on Two Jima, the B-29 raids on such Jap centers as Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka are designed to cut down fac tory production and impair the flow of supply to the enemy’s armies. Meanwhile, General MacArthur’s forces moved toward the climactic battle with the bulk of the enemy cornered on northeastern Luzon, and additional American landings to the south secured the sea pas sage through the Philippines to Manila. CRIME Release of the FBI’s annual crime reports bulletin for 1944 reflects a general upward trend in crime during the year, Direc tor J. Edgar Hoover said. He added that arrests of boys and girls 17 years of age totaled more than for any other group. Arrests of boys under 18 were 18.8 per cent greater in 1944 than in 1941, the last peacetime year, and arrests of girls under 21 showed a 134 per cent gain over the same period. YALTA: Test Agreement First put to the test !n Poland, the Big Three’s Yalta agreement to act Jointly in the settlement of trou bled political affairs of countries was tabbed for a second trial in tha case of Romania, where the Rades | cu government reportedly had been forced out by Moscow and replaced by a communist-dominated regime. At the time the Radescu govern ment left office, with Radescu him self seeking sanctuary in the British embassy in Bucharest because of fear of communist assassination, the Russians contended that the regime had failed to take proper action against pro-fascist elements still present in the country and threat ening the Red army’s supply lines. Called at the instance of the U. S., the Big Three parley on Romania could look to its settlement of the Polish problem as a precedent, 1 with democratic elements being | brought into a new regime along with the communists to furnish a more representative pattern of gov ernment. FARM LABOR: At Low With total farm employment esti mated at 8,400,000 persons, farm op erators will start the important spring planting season with the low est seasonal level of workers in 21 years, the U. S. department of agri culture reported. Of the 8,400,000 persons, USDA reported, 6,894,000 are family mem bers, of whom a great number are women or elder folk. Because of the presence of the latter, it was said, total operating efficiency has been cut somewhat since the advancing years have impaired the efforts of many of the older people. As the spring planting season ap proached, with excessive moisture retarding work in many sections, farmers were promised some man power relief by the employment of 30,000 German war prisoners during the year. Despite the worker short age, farmers are being asked to match 1944’a record production. Butcher 01’ Dobbin Already evident before January 3, when race tracks were closed, there has been a decided rise in the sale of dressed horse carcasses as the meat situation grows increasingly critical, packers re vealed. Although sold for human consump tion in Milwaukee, IT is.; Boston, Mass.; Cleveland, Ohio; Detroit, Mich., and some Mew Jersey cities, it is not per missible in Chicago, III., where, oddly enough, sales to retailers have doubled since the beef famine. In explaining the phenomenon of how sales to retailers could double if the latter could not resell the product to consumers, one packers’ representative declared that butchers didn’t know whether the buyers were going to eat the horse meat themselves or feed it to their pngs. SHOES: To Cut Output With most of the cattle hide sched uled to meet greatly increased army demands, allocation of leather for production of civilian shoes during April, May and June may be trimmed down to about 10 to 15 per cent of present allotments, further affecting the future supply of men's and children’s footwear. In an effort to meet the overall civilian requirement of 350,000.000 shoes for the year, it was said, gov ernment officials are hoping to in crease the production of fabric foot wear, despite the tight situation in worsted materials needed. Against the 100,000,000 fabric shoes manu factured last year, 50,000,000 more may be produced in 1945. Beyond the postponement of the validation of the next shoe stamp until sometime next summer instead of May 1 as originally scheduled, no change in footwear rationing is contemplated as a result of the new cattle hide allocation, OPA said. HOLLYWOOD STRIKE: Complex Scenario Closure of American movie houses was threatened as the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Em- l ployees, AFL. considered exertion ■ of pressure on picture producers in its fight to obtain recognition as bargaining agent for some 70 studio set decorators in Hollywood. In vying for control of the 70! workers, the IATSE bucked another AFL affiliate, the painters’ union, which had been accepted as the em ployees’ bargaining agent by the War Labor board. Standing in the middle of the en tanglement were the picture pro ducers themselves, what with the IATSE not only threatening to pull its workers out of the Hollywood studios but also to stop the showing of movies throughout the country, and the rival painters’ union already on strike because of the picture pro ducers’ hesitancy in recognizing their group. WORLD AGRICULTURE Already accepted by 18 countries, adoption of the constitution of the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations neared. The purposes of FAO are to im prove agricultural production and distribution, raise the levels of nu trition and standards of living, and better the conditions of rural popu lations. An important part of the work of FAO will be to aid nations in adapting their agriculture to changing world conditions. World Monetary Plans Seen as Boon to Trade Funds Would Help Restore Production and Stimulate Exchange of Goods in Postwar Era, Treasury Says. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WN’U Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. I have just come from a luncheon of creamed chicken and rice, green salad and trimmings. The food was not, however, the interesting part of the affair. The "food for thought” that went with it, was. And so was the setting. We were served from a large oval table in the conference room of the United States treas ury. The hosts were Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau and a squad of his fiscal experts. The subject of the conversation was the same one which was dis cussed at many of the more than 200 conferences which took place around that same table and which led up to the Bretton Woods mone tary conference last July. Today that same subject is before Con gress in the form of pending legisla tion which would authorize Ameri can participation in an international bank of reconstruction and develop ment and an international monetary fund. Upon the passage of this legisla tion and the creation of the bank and fund, the master-minds on money matters tell me, depends the success of any world security organization which may come out of the United Nations meeting at San Francisco. Aim to Stop Economic Warfare The reason for that statement, boiled down to its essence is this: you can’t stop international warfare unless you stop economic war fare. Economic warfare in this sense means international trade practices not in the common good—spe cifically some of the practices in dulged in by nations competing for foreign trade before and after the grand smash of ’29. How is this warfare to be re strained? Quid pro quo, of course. In the vicious fight for trade after the war a large number of nations will have three strikes on them to start. They are wrecked, some physically and a great many more financial ly. politically, economically. Those which will emerge less affected by the war scourge, like the United States, will be equally affected if they have nobody with money or credit enough to buy their goods. Therefore in exchange for an agreement to abide by certain fair practices as we might call them, and contributions in cash or its equivalent, under the Bretton Woods agreement a nation would receive membership in an international bank which would guarantee pri vate loans—make some direct—for the purpose of reconstruction and development so they can build fac tories and do other things necessary to create goods to sell and earn money to buy. These loans would be loans in which the risk is too great for a private institution to take, and which if they were made and bonds offered to the public the public wouldn’t touch. But guaran teed by the international bank over a long term, private bankers would lend the money and the public, with the word of 44 nations behind the bonds, would hardly be skittish. The monetary fund would be created for the purpose of stabiliz ing exchange, and facilitating the growth of international trade. The members would agree to tie their exchange to the gold standard and not change it unless the governors and directors of the fund ap prove. This would stop, among other things, what amounts to impos ing hidden tariffs on foreign goods by changing the rates of exchange of a country's currency in terms of other nation's currency. In their mad efforts to export goods at any price and get credits abroad, the Germans had all sorts of different kinds of marks that had one value here and another there. As to the administration of the bank and fund, a very careful system has been worked out regu lating the amount of financial responsibility each country would have. The figure would be based on the trade of a nation over a certain past period with some other modi fications. For instance, the United States would assume roughly one third of the financial responsi bility and have one-third of the votes on how the money or credit is to be handled. Relief for U. S. Bankers’ Risks One of the chief arguments as to the direct value of the program for the United States is this: it is esti mated that in the postwar pe riod, the United States bankers will have to do the bulk of the world lending. Estimated on the amount we did after the last war, perhaps as much as 90 per cent Rather than have the lenders risk the loss as they did last time, it would be bet ter to have the government and the governments of the rest of the na tions bear two-thirds of the risk. This they would do under the inter national bank. It is pointed out by treasury officials that not only will most of the money be borrowed from private bankers in this coun try for the next five or ten years (since we have most of the money to loan) but most of it will likewise be spent here since we have most of the things foreign countries need. There are two chief reasons why such an international financial pro gram will be to the disadvantage of the private banker although by no means all bankers oppose it. One is that the governments of nations will control the world fiscal policy and not the leading private inter national bankers who had the con trol before. The second is that in the long run, as sponsors of the plan admit, it will lower interest rates. Those two reasons are not stressed by the vocal opponents of the measure before members of con gress. Many other objections, some highly technical, are set forth. The main suggestion in the report of a committee of the American Bankers association is that because of un settled political conditions through out the world, any action ought to be postponed until these conditions stabilize. They say that the nations should agree to certain changes in the program before it is presented to the congress. Some of the changes suggested are prompted by honest conviction, some are due, according to treasury officials, to a misinterpretation of the program. There is a group in the United States which says that the United States will come out of the little end of the horn under the ar rangement and that the British sold us a bill of goods. There is a group in England which says that Brit ain will come out of the little end of the horn and that the United States sold their representatives a bill of goods. max is one xmng wnicn, quae aside from the arguments pro and con on the various disputed parts of the program, demonstrates that it must be pretty good. • • • Some weeks ago in this column I tried to explain “why Germany came back” after its defeats in France. May I be permitted to explain why the Nazis couldn’t come back for the second time? Once again we have to consider, not the military organization of Ger many alone, but the civilian or ganization as well. Nazi discipline, because it was built on an entirely anti-human foundation, finally col lapsed. It was a discipline of (1) de ceit, (2) force. Both were bound to fail in the end because it failed to take into consideration one thing which the Nazis refuse to admit exists—the human soul. Naziism with threats, brute force, and an organization which could carry out the threats and exercise the force, was effective up to a cer tain point. Then it failed. Its strength was in "bendihg the twig," as I tried to point out in my earlier analysis. Youth worshipped the false god of Naziism as long as its clay feet could be concealed. Youth knew no other god. But the moment the clay feet crumbled in the defeat of its armies (i.e. force failed) youth deserted. Even the older people, despite the numbing fear of the espionage of the gauleiter, the fear of the concen tration camp, fear of the firing squad, began passive resistance. The Volkssturm (the military unfit drafted by Himmler) refused to fight, refused to assemble when or dered, hid. Regulations were evaded. Taxes went unpaid. B A R B S . • • by Baukhage One reason why Stalin can’t leave | Russia to meet even the world’s bigwigs was revealed at the Yalta conference—he makes all the mili tary decisions himself. • » • The Japanese government has taken over all the airplane factories, giving the Jap industrialists who want peace another reminder that there Isn't much profit in war. In spite of the shortage of nurses, doctors, dentists, the health of the nation, according to OWI, shows no serious decline. Probably just a case of supply and demand. • • • General De Gaulle says that France needs 12 million “fine babies” in the next 10 years. He may not get 12 million but they will | all be “fine”—ask their mothers. Pasteurization of Eggs Improves Quality New Method an Aid To Egg Storage PASTEURIZATION of eggs as de * veloped at the University of Mis souri, or the flash heat treatment of Cornell university, promises to prove of considerable value to the poultry and farm industries. The pasteurizing of shell eggs not only destroys bacteria but causes shell eggs to retain their desirable physical properties much longer than do untreated eggs. In the Cornell flash heat treatment of eggs, a five-second exposure of fresh eggs to boiling water forms a thin protective film of coagulated al bumen, adherent to the shell mem brane. This treatment of eggs at temperatures above the coagulation point of albumen proved to be an efficient method for the preser vation of table eggs. The application of the pasteuriza tion process to shell eggs may prove of great value to the poultry in Cornell Method of Pasteurization. dustry when applied to eggs as they pass through the regular marketing channels. The treatment is simple and re quires only average kitchen equip ment. The eggs are plunged into boiling water for five seconds, cooled and placed in cold storage or a re frigerator, where they wiU stay fresh for 12 months. Without re frigeration they should remain fresh for about three months. Barn-Curing Hay Safe And Improves Quality Making hay while the sun doesn’t shine has been simplified for hun dreds of farmers who have built electrically operated hay driers, us ing forced ventilation to cure hay In the mow. The installation consists of wood en ducts, built on the mow floor, Air Circulation in Mow. through which air is forced into and upward through the hay by a blower powered with an electric motor, or when electricity is not available by a gasoline motor. The use of the forced ventilation system enables farmers to move their forage crops into the mow two to four hours after cutting, before the leaves begin to shed. Farm Windbreaks Pay Dividends Annually Planting evergreen windbreaks which will pay dividends in the fu ture is a wartime farm improve ment that should be undertaken at once. Not only will the windbreak be a protection for the home, cutting down the cold winter winds, it will save heating costs as a result. In many localities it is possible to secure planting stock which would have some commercial value—fruit, nuts or for the wood contained. As materials for many other im provements are not available, now is the time when considerable im provement can be made by planting desirable trees. Not only will the value of the land be improved, but many of the trees could produce an annual pay crop to the farmer. CORN PRICES IN 2WAPS World Wor I Inflation | “The Grains Art Great Foods” f Kellogg's Corn Flakes bring you (nearly all the protective food ele ments of the whole grain declared essential to human nutrition. | [ i cm J flakes FARMS-RANCHES FOR SALE Farms, Ranches, and personal property turned quickly Into cash. IS years of eee cesaful selling. In all parts af Nebraska. The larger holdings and estates our specialty. If you wish te sell, write sa today. 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