-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Great Battle Shapes As Yanks
Move on Manila in Philippines;
Extend Controls on Home Front
- hy Untno .
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions ore expressed In these eolsmns. they ore those of
Western Newspaper 1'nlon's news analysts and net necessarily of this newspaper.)
_I
Key steps In MacArthnr’s return to the Philippines Include (1) land
ing on Leyte and neighboring islands; (2) invasion of Mindoro; (3) j
landing on Marinduque, and (4) great invasion of main island of Luzon.
PACIFIC:
Bottle Looms
On the great plain leading south
ward to Manila in Luzon, the decl
sive battle of the
Philippines shaped up,
as the U. S. Sixth army
moved inland from an
expanding 25 - mile
beachhead on Lingayen
Gulf and the Japanese
brought up troops to
counter the liberators.
As the first large
scale open fighting of
the whole Pacific cam
paign loomed, alter General
three years of arduous MacArthur
undercover jungle war- wny°Foe
fare, U. S. war-planes
clouded the Philippine skies in end
less attacks upon enemy installa
tions and lines of communications
leading to the big battleground.
Like a good prize-fighter, General
MacArthur struck on Luzon in a
800-ship, 70-mile long convoy after
successfully feinting the enemy out
of position, with the result that
the American landings were almost
bloodless. In establishing a base on
Leyte, and overrunning Mindoro and
Marinduque, all just south of Luzon,
MacArthur compelled the enemy to
keep a strong guard strung below
Manila. Then, he moved to the
north.
With Luzon the center of their
whole Philippine defense system
guarding the Asiatic mainland, the
Japanese appeared determined to
put up a stiff fight for it, with the
enemy’s top field marshal, Tomo
yuki Yamashita, reportedly com
manding some 200,000 troops.
Working in close coordination with
the ground forces. Adm. Chester
Nimitz’ Pacific fleet rode the ene
my’s inner sea lanes in an effort to
prevent the Japanese from rushing
reinforcements to their Philippine
armies.
EUROPE:
Back Again
Their drive stopped, their flanks
under increasing pressure from
Field Marshal Montgomery’s forces
on the north and Lieutenant Gen
eral Bradley on the south, the
Germans slowly withdrew from
their big bulge in Belgium and Lux
embourg, seeking satisfaction in
their claims that the offensive had
relieved Allied pressure on the Ruhr
and Saar.
Meanwhile, the Nazis continued
their limited offensive in Alsace on
the southeastern end of the winding
460-mile front, shifting the weight of
their attacks to the Strasbourg re
gion after the U. S. Seventh army
blunted their attempt to split it in
two near Bitche.
Although relinquishing most of the
ground gained during the Initial
burst of his great December offen
sive, Field Marshal Von Rundstedt
managed to extricate the bulk of his
forces from the bulge, leaving only
scattered rearguards to cover his
retreat through the swirling bliz
sards.
By diverting the bulk of Allied
forces with the drive into Belgium,
the Nazis claimed, they preserved
much of their war-making potential
by temporarily stalling the drives
on the great steel, chemical and
coal centers of the Ruhr and Saar.
Action on the eastern front con
tinued to center in Hungary, though
the Russians were reported prob
ing into German defenses in the
Baranow region, some 120 miles be
low Warsaw on the road to Silesia.
HOME FRONT:
Tighten Economy
Congressional hearings on a work
or fight bill for men from 18 to 45
years old; imposition of an $18 ceil
ing per 100 pounds on live beef
cattle; an appeal to householders to
keep temperatures at 68 degrees,
and a ban on all advertising light
ing using power developed from coal
marked the government’s latest
moves on the home front to fit the
nation into the tightening war
economy.
Considered after President Roose
velt’s demand for a national service
act, the work or fight bill under dis
cussion provides for the induction of
any draft registrant from 18 to 45
into army labor battalions if he fails
to enter essential employment or
shifts jobs without permission of
local boards. With the services plan
ning to take 900,000 men within the
next six months, and with another
700,000 persons needed in essential
war work plus replacements for
those drafted from industry, some
sort of legislation was held to be
the most effective way for routing
manpower in the future.
Regarding the druft. Secretary of
War Stimson said practically all
Exclusive on Farm Draft!
Ily Walter Hhead
WNII Washington Correspondent
The farm public Is unduly
alarmed over the recent directive
of War Mobillzer James F.
Byrnes subjecting 360.000 agri
cultural workers 18 to 26 to In
duction in the new mobilization of
manpower for the army and
navy, according to farm lead
ers in the nation’s capital.
There is no evidence, they say,
that the Selective Service com
mission intends to nullify the
Tydings amendment to the Se
lective Service act, which specif
ically provides for deferment of
farm labor, if replacements are
not available, and if local draft
boards determine the workers
are more essential on the farms.
It could he, authorities say
here, that if there are any farm
workers who have left the farm
for other work ... if there are
any who may be considered non
essential, such as workers on hop
farms, or mushroom growers . . .
they may be called to military
service under reclassification.
_
able-bodied men under 30 will be
drafted this year, because of the
services’ emphasis on younger men.
Establishment of an $18 ceiling
on live cattle up to July 2, when the
top will fall to $17.50, came after
lengthy discussion between govern- I
ment representatives and feeders,
who declared the move would re
sult in less choice beef because of 1
rising production costs. Emphasiz
ing its desire for output of more
low grade beef. Economic Stabilizer
Vinson ordered OPA and War Food
administrator to limit choice and
good cattle slaughter for each
month.
The appeal to householders to
keep temperatures at 68 degrees,
and the order to cut off advertising
lighting, were both aimed at con- !
serving fuel, what with estimated
consumption of soft coal for 1945 set
at 620.000,000 tons and production
at 580,000,000, with the latter figure
reflecting a reduction of 45,000 in
the mining force since 1943, Fur
thermore, the industry’s stockpiles
amount to only one month's supply.
The rigor of army life notwith
standing, the WAC, true to her
femininity, still eats less than the
average G.I., the war department
has discovered, with the result that
a readjustment of the women’s
army corps’ menu will effect a $2,
700,000 annual saving to Uncle Sam.
The WAC, though a soldier and
leading an active life, does not eat a
man's ration. She can be adequate
ly nourished on rations providing
3,100 calories per day—which is 650
calories less than the number re
quired by male soldiers, but is still
600 calories over the minimum
recommended by the national re
search council for the moderately
active woman.
The WAC likes about the same
food that her soldier brother likes,
but in different quantities.
FOOD:
1945 Prospects
So far well fed Americans can
continue to look forward to substan
tial nutritious fare In 1945 although
supplies will be below last year's,
WFA Supply and Distribution Direc
tor Lee Marshall declared.
Although there will be about the
same amount of beef, there will be
less pork, veal and lamb, Marshall
said. Poultry supplies should be
larger.
Supplies of dairy stocks will be
spotty, Marshall predicted, with
more fluid milk, enough evaporated
milk to meet essential needs, but
less butter.
Athough in good supply, the vol
ume of fresh fruits and vegetables
for the next three months will not
approach last year’s, Marshall
said. Offsetting a slight increase in
the supply of canned vegetables for
1945 will be about 12 per cent less
canned fruits and juices.
Cereal products will be plentiful
but the sugar situation will be tight,
the WFA official declared, because
of smaller reserves and increased
military requirements.
PEACETIME DRAFT:
Hit by Colleges
Although pledging full support for
j an adequate defense program, the
| Association of American Colleges
went on record as against imme
diate enactment of compulsory
peacetime military training for
youth because other methods have
not been fully explored and the sub
ject should be given more study
than now is possibl ?.
Chairman of the committee draw
ing up the resolution against imme
diate enactment of peacetime con
scription, Dr. Donald J. Cowling,
president of Carleton college, said:
"This country did not get into the
present mess through lack of man
power, but because it lacked a real
foreign policy, as was evidenced in
failure to apply economic sanctions
against Japan and Italy."
In the field of education, the asso
ciation found "... menacing pos
sibilities (in compulsory military
training) that indoctrination — its
traditional method of wholesale
teaching — might become a dan
gerous political weapon with us as
has been true in other coun
tries. . .”
RECORD FLIGHT:
Postwar Promise
Model of America’s super airliner
of the postwar world, Boeing’s con
verted B-29 army transport flew
from Seattle, Wash., to Washington,
D. C., in an indicated six hours, sur
■’Strato-crulser" In flight.
passing the giant Lockheed Constel
lation’s time of 6 hours and 58 min
utes from Los Angeles, Calif., to the
capital.
To be known as the "strato
cruiser,” the postwar version of the
B-29, now known us the army’s C-97,
will carry 100 passengers and use
engines of more than 3,000 horse
power each.
Although army officials refused to
comment on the B-29’s record flight,
the ship has been undergoing serv
ice tests on the west coast since
November with gratifying results, it
was learned.
BUDGET:
87 Million Asked
Total authorizations for the war
program since 1940 will have
reached 450 billion dollars by June
30, 1946, with President Roosevelt’s
request for an 87 billion doliar budget
for the next fiscal year ending on
that date.
At 87 billion dollars, the Presi
dent’s budget was about 13 billion
dollars below last year’s 100 billion
dollars, with most of the reduction
in war expenditures. Because of de
creased war expenditures, how- j
ever, individuals and corporations
will receive less income and pay
less taxes, with revenue expected
to go down to about 41 billion dol
lars. By the end of June, 1946, the
national debt will reach 292 billion
dollars, the President estimated.
Included in the President’s budget
was a request of 2Vfe billion dollars
for veterans’ benefits, which can be
expected to increase upon demobili
zation, he said, and the asking of
a half billion dollars for the War
Food administration for the farm
price support program. He also re
quested that the borrowing authori
ty of the Rural Electrification sys
tem be raised to 150 million dollars
and that of the Farm Security ad
ministration to 125 million.
EGGS:
/Veit’ Program
In a program separate from price
support, the government reportedly
planned the purchase of from 1.000,
000 to 3,000,000 cases of shell eggs
j for shipment to Great Britain,
i with the possibility that success of
the venture may lead to the develop
ment of a postwar trade in that
country, which imports the produce
in peacetime.
The shell egg program is in addi
tion to the government’s intention to
dry about 365,000,000 pounds of eggs.
Youth Cornerstone of
Germans' War Machine
Taken in Tow at Six, Children Schooled in
Nazi Ideology; Grooved Into Places
In Totalitarian Society.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, I). G.
(This Is the second of two articles
by Mr. Baukhage on where Ger
many continues to get its fighting
manpower.)
The husky and determined young
Germans pictured on this page are
a symbol of the force that made
Von Rundstedt’s counteroffensive on
the western front possible—made it
possible for the German armies,
supposedly smashed to pieces in
France, to "come back” from their
stand at Arnhem and on the Cologne
plain.
These boys represent two things:
first, preliminary military training,
and second, the control of the Nazi
party over the German people "As
the twig is bent the tree's inclined."
There are probably seven million
“twigs” in Germany today.
In a previous column I discussed
the various. Nazi semi-military and
military organizations outside the
German army itself. Particularly,
the great "SA" or brown shirt or
ganization which, after its purge, be
came the implement for indoctrina
tion and preparation for military
training of the German people. I
also discussed In some detail the
“SS” or Elite Guard, now the most
The German counteroffensive on
the western front has made it pos
sible for another crop of six hun
dred thousand tough Nazi-indoctri
nated girls and boys to bolster the
army and the home-front in 1945.
(Courtesy—Infantry Journal.)
powerful factor in the Reich, whose
function was first to "overcome the
enemies of the Nazi party from with
in” and which now has taken over
the control of the German armies
and the protection of the Nazi state
from without.
Through SA representatives right
down to the “ward”; through the
powerful Gestapo (secret police of
the SS) which gradually superseded
all police force, the adult non-Nazis
are controlled by force and threat
of force.
Take Over
Adults* Duties
But perhaps as important as any
Nazi weapon today is the Hitler
youth organization which is the
Nazis' grip on the future. Today,
thousands of Hitler youth are guard
ing installations, watching foreign
workers, performing work which re
lieves men for the front. Already,
many have shot to kill. All can.
Tomorrow they will be in the
army.
The pre-Hitler youth groups in
Germany had flourished for a long
time. They embraced everything
from the strongly rightist, Prussian
ized version of the Boy Scouts whose
weekly excursions were given over
to military games and maneuvers,
to the religious groups. In the mid
dle were the "Wandervoger’ (Wan
derbirds) who despised regimenta
tion, strolled about the countryside
on holidays with their guitars on
their backs, sleeping in barns or in
the open, hobnobbing with the peas
ants, singing and also collecting the
old Volk-songs and just having a
plain good time. The writer him
self spent many happy hours with
the carefree Wandervogel, some of
them in the “Eifel," the very terri
tory through which Von Rundstedt
led his charge. We talked of poetry,
love and philosophy—never about
war.
Suffice it to say, the Nazis method
ically absolved all of these groups,
the religious movements which were
well organized, resisting as long as
they could. Today, under Nazi law,
the Hitler youth (male and female),
controls “all German youth within
the Reich.”
I can give you the testimony of
one German mother which was
whispered into my ear in 1939, just
before the war broke out.
“My daughter has gone,” she
said to me. "We have nothing in
common. Her whole time Is given
to the Nazi activities. But I have
my boy again. They worked him so
hard in the youth camp that he
came down with tuberculosis and
Hitler doesn't want him. I shall
have him to nurse at home."
Poor woman, I am afraid that
by this time, if he can walk and
carry a gun, he is at least a mem
ber of the Volkssturm, the “home
army."
Military Training
Begins at 14
The tiny tots join the youth or
ganization at six. But not until they
are 13 or 14 does the real "prep”
military training begin for the boys
and the serious work for the girls
in their separate camps. By this
time they have already been indoc
trinated with blind devotion for the
“fuehrer,” the belief in German su
periority and abject loyalty to the
Nazi state.
Aside from training in sports
which are believed to condition a
boy for military hardships and actu
al drill with weapons, the "leader
ship principle” is stressed and
promising youths are sent to special
schools (Ordensburg).
When the Hitler youth completes
his training he is fully prepared for
whatever Nazi group into which he
fits best. He may, in due course,
become a member of the esoteric
SS—the force which under Himmler
rules every phase of life in the Reich
today. He will probably find some
role in the great SA organization.
In any case, he will become a mem
ber of some special group, perhaps
more than one, which will prepare
him to serve or provide a place for
his service in his destined role as
a cog in the machinery of total war.
Normally, when his Hitler Youth
period is ended, the next step, un
less the boy is physically disquali
fied, or is chosen for special duties,
is the Labor Service, which is like
the American CCC insofar as it is
concerned primarily with such work
as construction and forestry. But
the military training continues. As
in the Hitler youth organization, the
young Nazi is drilled, disciplined,
housed, fed and clothed like a sol
dier.
When this duty is completed, he
probably finds himself immediately
in the army. But in peacetime, or
if he is specially qualified, there are
a score or more organizations which
will take care of him right up to old
age, such for instance as the Vet
erans organization in which military
ideas are kept alive.
One important group is the Labor
Front which was created as a check
on unionism. There is the huge
Todt organization, a kind of land
Seabee outfit which was created
from groups of highway builders in
order to complete the Westwall.
Now it is a vital part of the army.
There is the huge People’s Wel
fare agency which collects charities;
three large civilian auxiliary air
groups; the Nazi Transportation
Corps, and many more, not to men
tion the host of services under Na
tional Socialist Womanhood.
It must be remembered that all of
these organizations stoutly maintain
two functions: first, indoctrination
in the Nazi philosophy, or if the per
son is too old or too stubborn to bow
to these perverted ideas, so to en
chain him in discipline as to achieve
the same result. The second func
tion of the Nazi organizations is to
prepare German man and woman
power for the nearest thing to a to
tal war effort achieved in history.
The effectiveness of this system
of militarizing a nation undoubtedly
was underestimated by the Allies.
The facts concerning it were avail
able. For example, an excellent
compendium of the Nazi groups was
published by the Infantry Journal
in Washington called "Hitler’s Sec
ond Army,” for distribution to and
study by the American armed
forces. But it was simply impos
sible for the normal individual to
grasp the degree to which the Nazis
had perfected their plans and had.
by indoctrination from childhood,
actually turned human beings into
efficient machines.
Herr Goebbels, father of lies, was
not lying when he said recently that
Germany had become "a warrior
nation in the full sense of the word.”
BAR BS . . . by Baukhage
How ya goin' to keep 'em down on
the farm—after cancellation of ag
1 ricultural deferments?
! • • •
I Even a drunkard can’t weep in
] his bier.
• • •
You don’t have to be a carpenter
to make a Venetian blind. Just stick
your fingers in his eyes. But can
«rou make a birch bark?
A chicken, unlike a rabbit, has to
dye if it wants to lay an easter egg.
• • •
As between the hare and the tor- J
toise—I’ll take the turtle—in my ■
soup.
• • •
You may be a war profiteer and
own your roll, but you can't smoke
many cigarettes these days unless
you can roll your own.
Looking at
IN HOLLYWOOD It’s the girls who
* leave home who make good. Not
a juvenile delinquency problem, but
the record of careers of some lead
ing actresses here who leave their
home lots as newcomers, go out
side to make important pictures, es
tablish careers and reputations for
themselves, and then return to their
home lots as stars.
There’s Anne Baxter, for exam
ple, the guest in Hunt Stromberg’s
“Guest in the
Hous e,” the
crowning role of
her career. And
she’s had some
pretty big ones,
including “Mag
nificent Amber- j
Anne Baxter
sons” and “North
Star,” both of
which Anne made
away from her
home lot.
The “Guest”
Linda Darnell ro*e *s a s^ronS"
willed girl whose
selfishness brings unhappiness to ev
ery one she meets. Evelyn Heath
(the guest) is to Anne Baxter what
Mildred was to Bette Davis in “Of
Human Bondage,” what Scarlett
O’Hara was to Vivien Leigh in
“Gone With the Wind”—we hope.
Anne began her screen career on
a loan-out back in 1940. David O.
Selzniek first tested Anne and Twen
tieth Century signed her on the basis
of the test. Then Metro borrowed
her for her first screen role in
“Twenty Mule Team.”
A Flying Start
Another example of the girl who
made good away from home is
Jennifer Jones, who won an Acad
emy award for “Song of Berna
dette.” Selzniek signed her, loaned
her to Twentieth for the title role in
the Franz Werfel story, then refused
to let her play the title role in
“Laura,” which has put Gene
Tierney among our first ten young
sters.
Linda Darnell had been playing
juvenile leads at home—Twentieth
Century—but they got her hardly
anywhere. Then Rene Clair came
along with “It Happened Tomor
row,” a picture which had a role
made to order for Linda. She fol
lowed as a selfish Russian peasant
girl in Chekov’s “Summer Storm,”
and she completed the starring fem
inine role in Bing Crosby’s “The
Great John L.” Three top assign
ments, one after the other.
Ruth Gets Around
Ruth Warrick is a widely loaned
out actress here. Under contract to
RKO, she played opposite Edward
G. Robinson in "Mr. Winkle Goes
to War,” then Pat O’Brien in "Se
cret Command,” and then "Guest in
the House.” So what happened aft
er that? Ruth was handed the top
role at RKO in "China Sky,” which
Claudette Colbert had turned down.
Same thing happened to Baxter.
When she got back to Twentieth they
handed her a good role in "Czarina,”
with Tallulah Bankhead.
Ingrid Bergman, under contract to
Selznick, is one of our most impor
tant loan-out stars. After "Intermez
zo” for Selznick she did “For Whom
the Bell Tolls,” “Gaslight,” and
"Saratoga Trunk,” all at different
studios--and David made much
money on the deals. Now she re
turns home for "Spellbound.”
Another Stray
Metro killed Laraine Day off in a
Dr. Kildare picture in order to help
her escape from the series. Then
Laraine began making the rounds—
away from home. First she did “Mr.
Lucky,” with Cary Grant, then C.
B. De Mille’s “Story of Dr. Was
sell.” After those two pictures,
opposite Cary Grant and Gary
Cooper, Laraine was ready for star
dom on her own home lot, so Metro
gave her "The Woman’s Army.”
The most rented-out baby in town
is Joan Fontaine, but she no longer
cares, for always she gets top roles
in top pictures.
Leaving home in Hollywood has
spelled success to some fine ac
tresses, given them the biggest op
portunities of their careers. In the
old days the home lots groomed their
young players for stardom, then
built a fence 'round them a mile
high so no one else would be able
to cash in on their success. Today
Hollywood doesn’t hoard talent—it
lends at a profit. Because Hollywood
is smart enough now to know that
when girls leave home they’ll return
with a better fan following, a higher
box office rating, plus experience.
• t *
Secret, but Not Very
Columbia studio isn't admitting
that Jose Iturbi doubled for Cornell
Wilde when Chopin takes to the pi
ano in “A Song to Remember,” nor
that Frank Sinatra doubles for Phil
Silvers in a number for the harem
ladies in “One Thousand and One
Nights.” but everybody’s going to
know it when the swooning starts.
, . Esther Williams, who made a
terrific hit on her tour of hospitals
with the song “Can’t I Do Anything
But Swim?” will sing it in “Early
to Wed.”
An Acceptable Gift
5818
Charming Nightgown
to make and easy to laun
this charming round
necked nightgown will be lovely
in a flowered rayon crepe or satin
or in soft pastels. Tie with velvet
or taffeta ribbons in rich colors.
It makes a treasured gift for birth
days, showers or trousseaux.
• • •
To obtain complete pattern and finish
ing instructions for the Round-necked
Nightgown (Pattern No. 5818), sizes 14,
16, 18 Included in pattern, send 16 cents
In coin, your name, address and the pat
tern number.
Due to an unusually large demand and
current war conditions, slightly more time
is required in filling orders for a few of
the most popular pattern numbers.
SEWING CIRCLE NEEDLEWORK 1
530 South Wells St. Chicago 7, 111.
Enclose 16 cents for Pattern
No_
Name_
Address___.
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