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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 14, 1944)
-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS-, Allies Drive on German Border; Expand Navy by 65,000 Ships; August Beef Output Hits Peak ______________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. ..n — (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions nr* expressed In these they arc those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysis and not necessarily ol this newspaper.) Seated on ground at Hotel Majestic following their capture by Free French force* in liberation of Pari*, high-ranking German officer* await removal to prison quarter*. EUROPE: Nazi Losses Having suffered losses of 400,000 men since D-day, and with its power in France broken, the once proud German army reeled back toward the Siegfried line guarding the reich’s border, there to hole up for ■ final stand. Although the bulk of the German armies escaped annihilation in both the north and south, swift moving Allied armor hacked enemy rear guards to shreds, and U. S. and British planes swarming over the battlefields took a heavy toll of men and equipment in the retreating col umns. As the British and Canadians drove op along the Channel coast, they overran many of the enemy’s robot-bomb installations, but the continuance of attacks on southeast England with the flying missiles in dicated that the Germans moved their dispatching ramps farther in land. (Illustrating the vast scope of Allied operations In France since D-day, Gen. Dwight Eisen hower reported that we had lost 1,044 planes ourselves, required more than 000 tanks for replace ments In the first 70 days of fighting, dropped more than 55, 000 tons of bombs and used 44,000,000 gallons of aviation gas. As the battle tempo heightens, and supply lines lengthen, there la also need for more trucks aad tires, “Ike" declared. Deep in Balkans Rolling on American wheels, the ■urging Russian army pushed through Rumania and pointed spear heads at Hungary to the northwest where Marshal Josip Tito's rugged Partisans have been wuging relent less guerrilla warfare against the Axis occupational forces As the Russian drive carried deep into the heart of the Balkans, Red force® in northern Poland stepped up their pressure against re enforced Nazi troops battling grim ly to stave off the capture of War saw. In their developing Rumanian offensive, the Russians sought to exploit an early hresk Into Use Carpathian mountains guard ing Hungary, where Adolf Hitler desperately sought to keep that country In the war by agreeing to rush reenforce ments to bolster its tottering eastern defenses. By rolling through Bucharest to the south west. the Reds also had the choice of driving forward for a junction with Tito’s Partisans and endangering the entire Nazi hold on the southern Balkans. BEEF: Cheap Grades Abound Reflecting the heavy run of grass fed cattle. August beef producUon in federally inspected plants reached the ail-time record output for that month of 600.000,000 pounds, and 21 per cent higher than the same period last year. Meanwhile, August pork produc tion was 19 per cent under August of taai year, reflecting continued short receipts in the markets, which were expected to prevail until Octo ber when the spring crop is moved to slaughter. As a result of the heavy grass-fed marketings, ample supplies of lean, pointless utility beef will be avail able to consumers, but the govern ment's recent order to packers to set aside 50 per cent of their higher grades for military and lend-lease account, will decrease the supply of the choicer roasts and steaks. r INCOME TAX: New Returns Thirty million taxpayers earning under $5,000 per year no longer face the ordeal of filling out a com plicated income tax form under a new Bystem of the treasury. Uncle Sam himself will undertake to figure out the taxpayer's liability next year after he has filed a with holding receipt furnished by his em ployer showing income and pay-as you-go deductions with space for listing exemptions. In figuring out the taxpayer’s liability. Uncle Sam will allow 10 per cent for charitable contribu tions, interest, medical expenses, etc., and anyone claiming larger credits for these items will have to file a 1040 form. U. S. NAVY: Rapid Buildup Reflecting the American genius for mobilizing the country's tremen dous resources. Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal revealed that U. S. naval strength had increased by 65,000 vessels since the outbreak of war in 1939, and personnel had been expanded from 152,086 men to 3,717,000. Of the 65,000 vessels, 1,150 were major fighting ships. At the same time, Forrestal di vulged that the navy’s air strength Navy Secretary Knrrealal (left) dll cuaaea operation* with Vlre-Adm. II. K. Hewitt had been increased by 57.600 planes since 1939, 20 times more than be fore the war. In addition to being built up into the greatest fighting force afloat, the navy lend-leased 5 billion dollars of ships, materials and services to the Allies. Forrestal said, with the Brit ish receiving 92 per cent of the aid. PACIFIC: Subs Boost Bug While U S. army and navy planes pounded the Japanese Pacific out posts preparatory to further strides along the stepping-stones to the Asi atic mainland. American sub marines continued their deadly warfare against enemy shipping. In latest operations in far Pacific waters. U. S subs were credited with bagging 17 vessels, including two destroyers, to bring the total number sunk or damaged to 875 since Pearl Harbor. Operating from advance bases, U S. bombers hammered Halma hera. strategic gateway to the Philippines, and also hit the enemy’s supply lines in neighboring waters. WAGES: Top Levels With employment 20 per cent over January, 1941. weekly and hourly earnings in 25 manufacturing indus tries rose to record levels for June. As a result of the payment of higher wages to obtain help In the flourishing labor market, and over time to meet war demands, work ers' weekly earnings averaged $49.23 for the month. 60 per cent over January, 1941. while hourly pav totaled $1 06, a rise ol 40 per cent over three and a half years ago. Because of a slight dip in living costs for the month, “real earnings" —or income in relation to the price of goods—increased almost 2 per cent over May. HIGHLIGHTS • • . in the week’s news RICH DIET FOR ARCTIC: A se ries of tests conducted at the U of ! Illinois indicates that the best diet i for high flying aviators and sol diers stationed in arctic regions is one rich in starch, sugar and fat. These three food essentials were found to minimize the drop in inter nal and surface body temperatures, and to reduce the effect of cold on the coordinating of the muscles. ALUMINUM MATS: Landing mats made of aluminum are thor oughly satisfactory, the army air force reveals, after a number of tests. Previously steel had been used for this purpose, but when the mat sections have to be transported by air. aluminum, which weighs less than half as much as steel is more satisfactory. The aluminum sections can be laid faster. WORLD MONOPOLY: Peace Threat Declaring that cartels — agree ments among different international business firms for controlling world trade—formed the basis for Germa ny’s military rejuvenation. Attorney General Francis Biddle told con gress that such enterprises must be destroyed if the Allies are to control the enemies’ capacity for future war. As a result of cartel agreements, Biddle said, important companies were kept from South American markets; others could not manufac ture such strategic products as syn thetic rubber; development of the magnesium industry was retarded; an American company was prevent ed from selling a certain munition to the British, and restrictions were imposed on plastic production. Even though certain giant German corporations were prevented from manufacturing military products after the war, Biddle said, they worked around these rer.trictions by organizing subsidiaries in other countries. TELEVISION: Here After War Although television will come into general use after the war, it will be an addition to. and not a substitute for, radio, Chairman James L. Fly of the Federal Communications com mission declared. Said he: "You can’t sit and look at a television screen for 18 hours a day. You can't turn on television and make the beds, or play bridge, or wash the dishes, as you can with oral broadcasting. Television . . . will be interspersed with other pro grams. Fly also recounted the spectacular rise in revenue of standard stations and networks during the war years, time sales in 1943 amounting to 196 million dollars, with net income of 66 million dollars, as compared with time sales in 1942 of 164 million dol lars and profits of 45 million dollars. Young Wizard An inventive genius at high school age, Stanley Hiller Jr., now 19, demon strated a new type helicopter to the army, navy and national advisory com mittee for aeronautics at San Francisco, Cali/., one day before his induction into service. I1 sing opposite rotating propellers, Hiller's helicopter is designed to over come the conventional model's torque, or inclination to pull over with the turn of the. single blade, limit to cruise at from J*4 to 90 miles un hour, with top speed of 100 miles an hour, the new helicopter's longest flight has been about 90 miles. Son of a pioneer Pacific flier and steamship company president, Hiller founded a large miniature automobile manufacturing business, using a special die-casting process. WORLD WHEAT: Ample Surplus With the four great wheat-produc ing nations of the U. S.. Canada, Argentina and Australia expected to harvest 2,000,000,000 bushels in 1944, and with a carry-over of 1,100, 000,000 bushels as of July l, total supplies will approximate 3.000, 000,000 bushels for the coming year. Of the amount, the International Wheat council reported, the four na tions will consume about 700 000,000 bushels and use another 700.000,000 for seed and other non-food uses, leaving a reserve of 1,600,000,000 bushels. Of this amount, about 600, 000,000 bushels will be exported, the council said, and 200.000,000 will constitute a working stock, leaving a holdover supply of 800,000.000. As the result of unusually favor able July weather for spring wheat in Minnesota and North Dakota, the U. S. department of agriculture estimated a total wheat crop of 1,132,000,000 bushels for this year, which would make the U. S. har vest about half of the big four's. POLIO: Incidence I ncrenses Abating in some sections, infantile paralysis has increased in others, with the result that the U. S. Is experiencing its worst polio epi demic in 28 years, although the 6,258 cases reported up to August 19 were far below the 1916 high of 17,375. Offsetting downward trends re ported in North Carolina and Ken tucky were increases In New York. Pennsylvania. Virginia and the Dis trict of Columbia. States reporting mild or normal incidences included California. Kansas. Utah, Florida. Arkansas, Arizona, Missouri, Wyo ming and Oklahoma New F.ngland and the mountain states reported few cases. As a result of the high incidence in some areas, school openings have been delayed as much as a month All children under 14 were banned from swimming pools and theaters tn Kentucky, and those under 12 were placed under house quarantine in Milwaukee, Wis. REDEEM BONDS Holders of war bonds are cashing them in at a steadily increasing rate, treasury officials reveal. This is particularly true of the smaller denominations, series E. F and G The percentage of cumulative re demptions compared with eurruila tive sales of these thiee series since May 1, 1941. has risen steadily from 9 27 per cent last February to 11 88 per cent in June. Sales since May 1, 1941, amounted to 36 bil ; lion, 252 million dollars on July 31. ; and redemptions above 3 billion. Washington D'i9estj Imperial Hopes May Linger But Where Will Nazis Flee? Spirit May Be Nurtured in Foreign Haven to Break Forth Again; Few Countries Willing to Offer Foe Refuge. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. Returning to the capital after a week in the wilds while Hitler’s mad dream of empire was melting, it is hard to adjust the ear, caressed by the whisper of mountain brooks and I sighs of the wind in the pines, to the staccato click of the new^ticker. Nature’s sounds are organ-sounds, rising, falling, not sharp and metal lic—even the crack of the lightning merges into its obligato of thunder. Today as I pulled the first sheet of text from the teletype with its con tinuously exciting recital of the end of an epoch—it occurred to me that epochs, like the manifestations of nature, have no sudden ends, they may seem to disappear like a river which plunges under ground. But they are bound to appear again. Today we have evidence that the two forces which have sprung from two opposing elements in Germany, as I reported in an earlier column, are attempting like the lost rivers to seek a course below the surface. The Prussian military caste, purged as it has been and soon doubtless to be stripped of its one source of income, the great estates of East and West Prussia, will surely try to continue its existence in refugee colonics. This is not a new phe nomenon. The followers of de throned kings have done this in the past. Where and how will this groiy? seek to keep alive the will to achieve such a goal? Time is not the essence of what they believe to be their contract with destiny. They can wait generations, centuries. All they need Is space, space in which, un disturbed, they can propagate their kind and their faith. And as the thinned ranks of Ger man Junkerdom (only a tiny per centage of the German people) des perately plan their future an even more desperate group, at the other end of the social spectrum, plans theirs. The Nazis have demon strated that it was not Germany as a nation or Germans as a people in whom they were interested, but both as a means to the creation of a great, brutal, sweeping movement— followers of an idol and an ideology. The fanatical Nazi spirit will try to hide and live and rise again. Where, in all the world, can these two movements find asylum? Not in Germany’s neighbor states where hatreds have been sown which will take a century to cure. It is highly probable that the republican ele ments in Spain will gain the ascend ancy and give short shrift to the former friends of Franco. Sweden surely, having maintained neu trality in this war, is too wise to harbor either group. Turkey per haps. Where else might a German go and face least resentment? It is natural to answer with the name of the nation which was least willing to join in a solid anti-Axis combine —Argentina. Foreign Spirits Grow In Latin Instability "It is a mystery to me,” said a man who has spent many years in Latin - America, "how Vargas (president of Brazil) or anyone else could keep the elements in the south satisfied as long as he has." "Of course it has been done,” he went on, "the nation has been held together by a dictatorship and be cause the money has been pouring In from the United States. "When it is the ambition of most Brazilians to get a government job, and 60 per cent at a time manage to do it. it's natural you have to change governments pretty often to give the other 40 per cent a chance.” Of course this cynical comment must be taken with a grain of salt. But there is some truth in the allegation. One of the things which kept the Third Republic of France together as long as it was, was the method of giving out government jobs which worked for stability and continuity. The person who had the right to sell a certain amount of tobacco was not permitted to use a shop or restaurant which he himself ran. In which to sell it. So he had to give a cut to the cafe-owner where the goods were sold. The cafe-owner could not employ any one of his own family to handle the sales — there were other complicated regu lations the result of which was that three or four families were beneflt ting by the single government li cense. Of course it is not the quality of instability of Latin-American gov ernments in itself which disrupts our statesmen, but the fact that such instability makes foreign influence easier to achieve. We know what a foothold Germany had obtained in South America, and maps have been disci -red showing the territory Hitler expected to control which placed all of South America up to and into southern Brazil under Ger man domination. The power of Argentinian in fluence on the other South American countries was strikingly revealed in the recent move which caused the resignation of Foreign Minister Aranha of Brazil as a protest against his pro-United States policy. Enemy Broadcasters Without a Country The time grows shorter until Lord Hawhaw, Mr. Kaltenbach, Mr. Best, Miss Drexel, et al, take their places at the microphones of the Berlin radio to spread their futile propaganda over the ether for the last time. Here are three reminiscences: When I was broadcasting from Berlin for the NBC at the beginning of the war in 1939, there was only one of the staff of the German broadcasting station there who was provocatively Nazi. He was a tall, handsome blond, much given to rid ing boots and golf clubs. He had studied in England and his English seemed perfect to me. He was an announcer who read the news beamed on England. Then came the British declaration of war against Germany. There was naturally considerable excitement in the studio. It was not until I was going home that I missed my blond friend. No one seemed to know where he was. Then I heard the story. It seemed that when war was declared all enemy aliens were interned. The Gestapo, much to the surprise of his colleagues, picked up my blond anglophobe, explaining they had known all along that he was a Brit ish agent. Later he was brought back and forced to continue reading news bul letins in English. Number two in my gallery 1 never saw — he is the man — Best — who mouths Nazi platitudes in a south ern accent. But I understand the ac cent is all that is left of the man— he is—or was an American newspa perman who got into one of those European social impasses. A wom an. of course, and an older and more determined one. He Anally found his escape in drugs. That was an easy case for the Nazis. Now we come to exhibit number three: Constance Drexel. That name will be remembered by magazine and newspaper read ers of some two decades ago. It is a pseudonym chosen because, I imagine, her real one would not have sounded as pleasant in Phila delphia where she worked on a newspaper. She had interviewed the Queen of Spain and other notables in her day (that dates her), but had started go ing to seed when she called on me hoping for an assignment from the syndicate for which I worked in the j middle '20s. She still had some of her youthful good looks and knew how to make the most of them. The next time I ran across her was in the Potsdammer station in Berlin, shortly after the war started. I was returning from Switzerland and my office had told me Con stance Drexel would appear on one of my periods and I was to edit her script. She showed it to me as we rode to my hotel. I read it. It was innocuous. She looked no younger but better fed. Said she was in Europe doing some syndicate articles. She made a broadcast which I did not hear and I never saw her again-never heard of her until I had returned to America and caught a broadcast of hers over the shortwave from Ber lin extolling the virtues of Nazi dom. B R I E F S . • • by Baukhape A national campaign is under way to get employed high school students to go back to school. * • • There were 4.7.r>f> convictions for violation of the selective set vice act in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944. There have been a total of 10,872 such convictions since the draft law went into effect in Octo ber, 1940. The army buys enough baseball equipment every year to outfit 50,000 baseball teams and 100,000 softball teams; the navy enough for more than 11.000 baseball teams and 22, 00b softball teams • • • Christmas mail month for all service personnel overseas will be the 30-day period between Septem ber 15 and October 15. By VIRGINIA VALE Released by Western Newspaper Union. BY THIS time, if you’re a Charlie McCarthy fan, you’ve met Effie, Edgar Ber gen’s newest dummy. Effie is the result of the combined ef forts of a number of people. Bergen submitted some Effie recordings to a dozen or more Disney-Schlessinger cartoonists, and the final result is a composite of the best features of all their drawings. EFFIE Dairo, a well-known portrait artist, made up her face. Bergen, who has had a female dummy under con sideration for some time as a foil for Charlie, hopes we, the public, will like Effie. -% Allen Jenkins, character come dian who left Hollywood more than a year ago and has since traveled 57,000 miles entertaining the armed forces, will return to the movies in “The Wonder Man,” the Samuel Goldwyn comedy starring Danny Kaye. Now in North Africa with a USO camp show, Jenkins cabled ac ceptance of a gangster role similar to the one he did for Goldwyn in “Ball of Fire.” John Neshbitt, who broadcasts his “Passing Parade” over CBS three nights a week, has just finished a Metro “Passing Parade” movie short, “Moments that Made His tory.” It highlights discoveries of the stethoscope, sulfanilamide and the vulcanization of rubber. -* Dean Jagger, who served as chap erone on the Blue network’s "Blind Date” recently, was spending his last evening in this country. He flew to England the next day to begin work on a picture for the British government, which is designed to promote good will between England and the United States; when com pleted, the film will be released in this country. -# Ensign Jay Robinson, U. S. N., who won the $500 cash award in a nation-wide contest for the best American conception ofSalome, used no model for the portrait—so now Director Mervyn Leroy is trying to find somebody who looks like it, to play the Salome role in “The Robe.” It will be more prominent in the RKO picture than it was in the widely read book. -* It looks as if Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy would have to ap pear together in pictures and on the air forever. Their second costar ring appearance on the air, in the first of this year’s DeMille theater programs, was the result of an ava lanche of mail requesting it. The August Daytime Network Hooperatings reports that "When a Girl Marries” leads the list of "Top Ten” weekday programs. “Ma Per kins” is second, and “Our Gal, Sun day” third. Then come "Big Sister.” “Romance of Helen Trent,” "Life Can Be Beautiful.” “Stella Dallas,” “Young Widder Brown,” “Kate Smith Speaks,” and "Breakfast at Safdi’s.” .'I I M-G-M is going to launch King Vidor's "An American Romance” in style befitting the elaborate produc tion. On October 27, according to present plans, the picture will have initial showings in each of the state capitals and the national capital. Vidor says that he’s been thinking about this picture for 18 years, ever since he made “The Big Parade” —typifying the spirit of America. -y Those battered shoes which Ed Wynn wears to his broadcasts have borne him through 42 years of stage, screen and radio stardom, so of course he got them out for his new "Happy Island” radio program Originally purchased for $3.50, Wynn figures that they've cost him $5,000 for upkeep, but he refuses to part with them—the rationing situation Is his latest excuse. ODDS 4!Sn KNDS-"The Shadow," one of radio'* most chilling drama*, re turns to the air via Mutual September 24. ... 1 he new hand leader for Met- \ ro’s “Screen 1 est" Ted Steele, started in radio as an NRC imge hoy. . . . Marguerite Chapman has the lead op posite Caul Muni in "Counter-Attack''; j Muni will plus a Russian guerrilla. ... I Dorothy I amour let her hair return to its natural dark hri-wn shade for her role of a pa sann girl in "A Medal for Ih nny.** . . Searly ten years ago Fred MacMurray made his first Varatnmint picture, the 'Gilded Lily," with Claud ette Colbert: their latest costurrer, | *Practically Yours," is her latest. Hidden Gold Saves High Protein Feed , Proper Fertilizers Essential War Need Good pasture will provide live stock growers with "hidden gold” in the form of beef-making feeds that will conserve vitally needed pro tein crops, if proper management methods are followed. ■“Pasture must continue tc occupy a more essential place in the na tion’s livestock producing program until the war’s end for several rea sons,” a statement by the Middle West Soil Improvement committee points out. "Shortages of labor and machinery have shown no signs of marked improvement. The scarcity of high protein feeds continues. Be cause of these facts, farmers will have to rely on pasture crops as a major source of sustenance for their livestock. “Grains will, of course, be fed but farmers will want to use every bushel of grain where it will help make the most meat. “Practical experience of success ful livestock growers has demon strated that high-producing pasture combinations will yield a beef pound Pastures Aid Increase age per acre that compares favor ably with the return from crops with higher seeding, tillage and har vest costs. For instance, a mixture of alfalfa and brome grass made more than 3 pounds of beef an acre daily in a test in Michigan. “Bringing pastures to a high pro duction level and maintaining them at this rate requires good manage ment methods. This means follow ing a soil conservation program that builds up fertility and provides plant foods that will assure a good stand of legumes and grasses. In such a program the use of a fertilizer con taining phosphorus and potash plays an important part. , “Where a permanent pasture crop is planned, farmers will find gener ally that a top dressing of fertilizer this fall will pay for itself many times in producing earlier and more succulent grass for spring grazing next year as well as a heavier growth later. "Agronomists at state colleges and experiment stations are glad to cooperate with farmers in providing information covering the most effec tive use of fertilizers on pasture crops. One important fact should be borne in mind in considering the soil’s nutritional needs. This fact is that while crops such as alfalfa and clover add to the soil’s nitrogen sup ply, they eat up its phosphorus and potash reserves.” wild riants studied For Vitamin Content Experiments to determine the vitamin value of various wild plants have been conducted by the U. S. department of agriculture, looking to a time when other sources of im- 1 portant vitamins might be lacking. Buffaloberry, a native fruit of the western states and one of the popu lar fruit-bearing shrubs recom mended for erosion control, proved exceptionally rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C). A generous serving of the berries was found to furnish about twice the standard daily al lowance of vitamin C. Jam made from the berries contained about two-thirds as much of this vitamin as the fresh fruit. New Hampshire-grown wild blue berries were found to contain a fair supply of vitamin C if eaten raw. Experiments showed wild rice as a good source of several B vita mins—thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid. And or dinary field mushrooms. Agaricus campestris. were also found to be rich in these four B vitamins. Whole Milk Selling A quarter of a million farmers have switched from selling farm separated cream to selling whole milk during the last five years. Farm sales of whole milk at whole sale increased from 40 billion pounds average for 1935-39 to 60 billion pounds last year, a jump of 50 per cent. This increase was much great er than the total gain in farm milk production. It is not expected that postwar conditions will change this picture to any degree.