I-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS First Phase of Invasion Ended , As Initial Foothold is Secured; French Hail "Liberation Troops" Released by Western Newspaper Unien. " (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are espressed In these eolnmn*. they nre those of Western Newspaper l nlon's news analysts and not neeeasarllr of this newspaper.) This first picture made from French soil shows American doughboys, rifles ready, wading through the surf onto the French beachhead. The photographer who made the picture wan in the first group to hit the beach. Nate the Invasion craft in the background. Houndphoto. THE INVASION: First Phase Ended The first phase of the Allied In vasion of Europe was completed. To a tense world, supreme head quarters of the allied expeditionary forces announced this phase as the “securing of a foothold and the de feating of local German reserves.” Against fierce, last-ditch resist ance of 10 hastily massed Nazi divi sions, totaling nearly 150,000 men, allied forces were plunging inland on a 100-mile front of curving shore line from the Seine Estuary near Le Havre to the Cherbourg area. Allied forces arc now in the sec ond phase, which is one of defeating the German “tactical reserves,” said headquarters. The third phase, which must he won before the Al lied position is completely secure, Is that of defeating the German “strategic reserves." (Tactical reservei are those in or near the combat area; ttratraic reserves are those held in readiness at a dis tance.) The Air Umbrella Headquarters announced that 27,000 Individual air missions were carried out in the two and one-half days following the dawn of D-day. Great air fleets, probably greater than those of D-day, hammered Nazi strong points, transport and troop concentrations within a 150 mile radius of the beachheads. Nazi fighter opposition was weak. The German high command had not yet thrown its long-hoarded fighter re serves into the battle for Normandy. The battle was Joined around Bayeux, first city of France to be freed from Germans, and Caen. A fierce tank battle raged in several wooded areas near Bayeux, where the Nazis were strengthened by parachute troops. The navy supported foot troops with a gigantic bombardment of Caen. Nazi forces were attempt ing to hold the city as a pivot for counterattacks. But on the second day of invasion, the Germans were forced to admit street fighting al ready was being waged inside Caen. Single Front It became increasingly obvious that Allied positions were fast be ing welded together into a single front, stretching from Caen through Bayeux to Just outside Carentan and some distance up the Cherbourg peninsula toward Valognes. It was disclosed that the first forces ashore on D-day might have pushed ahead more rapidly than they did, but General Eisenhower's supreme command decided it was wiser to slow the advance some what while awaiting more ade quate strength rather than make a risk having the spearheads choked ©if. OBJECTIVE PARIS: By Bastille Day? Bastille day, French national holi day, falls on July 14 and in the first days of the invasion of western Europe, veterans of the 1940 battle of France forecast that the Allies would be in Paris by that date to help the natives celebrate. In New York the French language weekly", “France-Amerique” carried ■ column by Ernest R. Bauer, which indicated that French military vet erans familiar with the terrain over which the battles are now being fought predict rapid progress from the beachheads to Paris—120 miles •way. Meanwhile in London Winston Churchill urged the house of com mons to guard against “the idea that things are going to be settled in a rush.” LIBERATED BAYEUX: First of litany Eyewitness accounts described great Joy in the streets of Bayeux, France, first city to be liberated by Allied troops in the invasion of west ern Europe. On the main rail line linking the big port Cherbourg to Paris, Bayeux is five miles inland from Seine Bay, "God save the King. We've wait ed for this day. Qn to>Paris! Vivo Tommy! Vive Amerique!" These were some of the rejoicing cries that greeted the first detachments to march through the narrow streets of the Normandy town. Cheering men and women danced through the same streets as the troops came in. Cafe owners began throwing open their doors with pianists striking up patriotic tunes to add to the festivity of that first day. Europe was to see many towns cleared of the enemy in the weeks to come but Bayeux got its niche in the history books when the French Tricolor was hoisted above it again on the second day of the Allied land ings in France. SHUTTLE-BOMBING: Russian Bases Used New dispatches began carrying a new dateline that read "From a U. S. Air Base Somewhere in Rus sia" and this spelled historic mili tary significance in cooperation be tween the United States and the Soviet Union. For the first time. U. S. planes had taken off from bases in Italy, bombed German tar gets, and continued flying eastward to land at secret U. S. air bases set up on Russian soil. This new program opened the far thest comers of German territory to bombing attack by Allied planes based in Britain, Italy, North Africa and Russia. American military leaders had long wanted these Rus sian bases but it took diplomatic skill of the first caliber to get the Russians to agree to the strategy. They were finally convinced when it became obvious that the U. S. and England had the necessary planes and the Russians did not. First target was a Rumanian freight yard in which the Nazis had concentrated supplies for troops fighting the Russians. American Flying Fortresses were accompa nied by Russian fighter planes on part of the mission. ITALY: ‘Major Break' in Lines The German high command in Italy was forced to admit a “major break" through their lines north and west of Rome as the Fifth army smashed toward Lake Bracchiano and Civitavecchia, key port of the Tyrrhenian sea. German resistance was described by the allied command as “only light.” It amounted to little more than disorganized activities by de laying infantry units and self-pro pelled guns. The Fifth army had taken more than 18.000 prisoners and many more thousands were captured by the British Eighth army, which was meeting heavier resistance north west of Rome, where the hardest fighting is being encountered. The Vatican "Whoever may be the military authorities actually having control of the city of Rome.” the Vatican has announced its determination to maintain a policy of neutrality. Ob servers took this to mean that the holy see gave the Germans credit for correct behaviour with regard to Rome in its final hours. HIGHLIGHTS • • . in the week’s news TYPHUS: American medical corps have conquered the dreaded ■courge ol all armies—typhus. The disease has been brought under con trol by a new vaccine, and by a poison called DDT that kills the lice that transmit the germs. Brig. Gen. Leon Fox told news corre spondents: “Typhus has been removed from the death list of the U. S. soldier.” MORE FRUIT: The peach crop shows an increase of nearly 150 per cent over last year, according to reports from growers, William Graf fltt, vice president of the United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable associa tion, told dealers. The apple crop la expected to be at least 50 per cent larger than last year, and citrus prospects are much better, Graffitt said. AIR FIELD: Nearer Philippines A base within bombing range of the Philippines fell to General Mac Arthur’s forces when the Mokme • irdrome on Biak Island was stormed and captured on the 13th day of the invasion of the Schoutens. The beachhead on Biak was estab lished late in May. A frontal stab was repulsed, following which Amer ican forces got in behind enemy po sitions and swept to the air field from the rear. The Mokmer field is within 880 miles of the Philippines to the north west and is within good fighter range of Palau, Japanese western Caro lines naval base guarding the ap proaches of the Philippines. The island also has two other air fields desired by the Sixth army in vaders. The Americans immediately began a push toward the Borokoe airdrome a few hundred yards to the west. INDUSTRY: Must Take Initiative Warning that Industry must find its own work when war contracts are no longer available, Donald Nel son, chairman of the War Produc tion board, told the house postwar committee, that: ", . . it won’t be the government’s Job to find work for each company in its present expanded position. It's impossible to find a postwar market for the 8,900 airplanes we now pro duce monthly.” Stating that he was 100 per cent in favoring government’s assistance in postwar planning for industry, he said that he was against govern ment “running” small business. He urged that companies now engaged in war production use their own in genuity and initiative in planning their postwar programs. He forecast a postwar "expan sionist” period in which private enterprise rather than the govern ment would provide the necessary “spark." Government pump prim ing would be at a m limum under such conditions. Lookout A German sentry pictured as he scanned the skies over Boulogne, France—looking for trouble that came unexpectedly. Boulogne was one of the cities hit by sea and air bombings, paving the way for land ing of Allied forces. FOOT SOLDIERS: Pay Increase In reply to a request by War Sec retary Stlmson, Chairman May of the house military affairs commit tee introduced a bill to Increase pay of skilled infantrymen $5 to $10 a month. Soldiers holding the expert infan tryman’s badge would get a $5 in crease and those having the combat infantryman's badge, $10. Cost of the increase would amount to be tween 55 and 71 million dollars year ly In asking for the legislation, Stim son said infantry casualties are the highest of any branch of service. In the North African campaign, includ ing Italy, the infantry suffered 70 per cent of the casualties, although comprising only 19.6 per cent of the total forces. FARM MACHINERY: Restrictions Removed Small manufacturers (employing less than 100 workers) cnn now en gage In the unlimited production of farm machinery, equipment, and repair parts made entirely from sur plus materials or materials with an AA-4 preference rating. This new arrangement, announced by the War Production board, is lim ited to firms employing not more than 50 workers in group 1 labor areas, or on the West coast. Else where plants employing fewer than 100 workers may participate. Manufacturers meeting these regulations can use surplus mate rials and component parts from in ventories together with AA-4 prefer ence rating materials in such pro duction. TRAVEL BAN: Because of the increased loads placed on the nation’s transporta tion system by the invasion. Direc tor of Defense Transportation J. M. Johnson has asked immediate can cellation of all nonwar conventions, trade meetings and all nonessential civilian travel. An ODT spokesman said there were no plans to ration train and bus travel through priorities, but that reserved space may be com mandeered by orders of the army surgeon general for casualty cases. Washington Dipestj Allied Supremacy in Air Result of African Lesson Borrowed Page From Germany’s Book Taught Us to Coordinate Efforts of Air, Land and Sea Forces. By BAUKHAGE Netut Analytt and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Early in the war with Japan, when the little men of Nippon were ■warming down the Maylayan Pen insula at an unbelievable rate through impossible terrain and roll ing up one inconceivable victory after another, I had a talk with a wise old military campaigner, and as a result of the conversation, sat down apd wrote that "infiltration” is a word you are going to hear used a lot before this war is over. Then followed the days when the Japs pushed the allies back from Singapore to New Guinea and the men of Nippon were acclaimed as the aces of jungle fighting, the art of filtering through territory in which heretofore human beings were not supposed to be able to fight. Today, the allies have produced the best Jungle fighters in the world. We are daily beating the Japs at their own game. And today, I was reminded of something else after another session with another anonymous oldtlmer, of another time and place. He told me some things about the allied air force and I recalled the days when Hitler began to bully Europe and I realized that it wasn't so much appeasement, corruption, deceit or Nazi diplomacy then that made the Fuehrer master of cen tral Europe, first at Munich and later in France and the low countries, but the threatening shadow which the dreaded Luft waffe cast across the world. Today, just as the allies have out Jungled the Japs, they have out Luftwaffed the Luftwaffe. In the lat ter case, we must admit the Ger mans taught us in Africa how they did it. Triphibious Warfare We will be able to understand the Invasion of Europe much better if we understand a little more about the two roles which the allied air force has played in modern warfare ever since we toolc a page from Germany’s book and learned what it means to coordinate the efforts of pilot and bombardier with the foot soldier and the sailor, especially in what is now generally called "tri phibious" warfare. First, it might be well to state clearly the difference between the tactical and strategic bombing. Stra tegic bombing is directed toward the destruction of enemy strength at a distance. Tactical bombing is de struction or Interruption of enemy operations in or near the combat area. Because the valuable quality of air power is flexibility, the two roles sometimes overlap, but in general, the strategic effort is a long range effort In terms of both time and space—it requires the use of long range bombers and long-range fighters. Tactical bombing is the quick answer to instant needs—it in volves lighter bombers and usually does not require long range for its craft. There is an exception, which I’ll mention later. Strategic bombing is aimed, as we have seen, at factories, at all in stallations which contribute to the enemy’s war effort; railway lines. Junctures, military bases, rolling stock and all means of transpor tation and communication. The targets in tactical bombing are more varied and will be men tioned later. The Final Phase We are interested at present in the final phase of the European war, so it might be well to describe ; the preliminary efforts before, and the continued effort after, the as sault on an enemy shore. The Sicilian campaign is a good example. The first job the air force had was to remove an obstacle enroute That obstacle was the Island of Pan telleria and you remember what happened to it. It was flattened into surrender in two days. Then the real "triphibious” effort began. It followed a pattern which is pretty much the one accepted for invasions since. The first step is the neutralization of the enemy air force and this is a job nobody but an air force can do. This means the destruction of air dromes and other distant vital areas; later, providing tighter cov erage for the beaches and for ship ping. The Germans had a thousand planes based on or near Sicily. Thirty-one of the airdromes had been attacked In the preliminary phase for a month. Rail communica tions were bombed in order to isolate Sicily as nearly as possible, (the second in the list of the bomb ers functions). Messina was a chief target for it was a convenient rail bottleneck. Also the principal rail ; lines running down the boot of Italy j were hit. Telephone exchanges and stations where radar sets were located were hit. This is another thing the Ger mans taught us In their invasion of Poland and it explains what seemed to be some of the senseless bomb ings of the little Polish villages. Radar and telephone exchanges were often set up in these villages. They were located by radio detec tion. In Sicily itself, the enemy bases had been so thoroughly destroyed that the Germans couldn’t get enough of their planes In the air to Inter fere with the landings. Also, the sec ond and third functions of the tactical airforce were well car ried out: namely, the isolation of the enemy forces from their supplies and also interruption of movement of reinforcements. The fourth function of the tactical bombers, which is to break down the signal communications, I re ferred to before—destruction of tele phone and radio installations. Ground Troop Support The fifth is the close support of the ground troops. This was achieved in Sicily with more suc cess than was fully realized at the time. Some commanders of the land ing troops complained that there were no fighter planes over them. Later some of these same com manders, when they advanced and saw the wrecked armored cars, tanks and other equipment strewn along the roads, realized that the enemy had been held back by the attacks from the air. In Sicily, meanwhile, troops were dropped behind the lines, and this contributed its share to the success of the invasion. We know how well airborne troops have operated in the Pacific theater and in Burma. This job is listed as sixth in air forces tactical operations and includes car rying of paratroopers, running a shuttle of transports and towing gliders which land personnel and equipment (the glider pilot fights with the land forces since he can't glide uphill). We now come to the last two func tions of an air forcer—less dramatic but highly important — reconnais sance and the building of air bases. In the Sicilian campaign, a mil lion photographs a month were made so that the commander of each landing unit had pictures of every place he had to go to with his objectives plainly marked. We know of the record time in which bases have been destroyed, captured and reactivated in the Pacific theater of war. In New Guinea, a base was taken, built, manned and put into complete operation a hundred miles from the nearest allied base, and well behind the enemy lines. Thus we see the scope of air force operations, how closely they are knit into the operations of the land and sea forces; and how the allies have achieved air supremacy in Europe. But. because air forces are so elastic, they can be massed sud denly and. therefore, actual com mand of the air is much harder to maintain. At a given moment, the Germans who certainly do not have air supremacy any longer might be able, by heavy concentration and great sacrifice, to achieve tem porary command of the air in a given locality. The allies did have command of the air in Italy. Other wise, the beachhead at Anzio could never have been maintained As it was. supplies and reinforcements could be landed in broad daylight | On the German side, no concentra I tion of men or supplies could be at tempted except at night. The shadow of the Luftwaffe has grown thin, the weapon Hitler created to enslave the world has turned in his hand. BRIEFS., .by Baukhage C. The Japanese Domei agency re ports that all members in a Tokio government bureau are now clip ping each other's hair instead of patronizing the barber shops. • • • C The Chinese government has an nounced a ban on sending students abroad for study, because China will need all her manpower to at tain victory. C. Twenty-five to thirty-five million pounds of pork and 40 per cent of beef are currently being set aside each wepk for our armed forces. Oh that’s where it is! • • • CL All drivers using their cars for occupational driving and all small delivery trucks are now eligible for new passenger tires, according to the OPA. Looking at HOLLYWOOD DOKING FUN at our hats is even * superseding the mother-in-law jokes these days, but, masculine scoffing to the contrary, to women hats are the staff of life. You’ll see I’m not the only zany female in Hollywood. Ask Irene Dunne. She owes her career to a hat. If it hadn’t been for a big one in pale blue, Flor t*nz Zlegf eld would never have noticed her; she’d never have won the lead in “Show Boat”; Hollywood would have missed her; and but for a hat | the cinema capi- j uii wuuiu nave , Irene Dunne kept her in musi cals instead of giving her the plum role of Sabra in "Cimarron,” a picture which changed the entire course of her life. ! How It Started She'll never forget the day she earned her first money singing hymns in the Indianapolis Baptist church choir—hymns taught her by the nuns at the Loretto convent in St. Louis. Her reward was a crisp new $10 bill, and just enough to purchase her heart’s desire—a new hat. "The hat was large, of silky straw, a pale blue affair with long stream ers and extravagantly painted flow ers under the brim. I truly believe that from the day I wore it I sub consciously decided that I might really earn my living by sing ing. The hat did it,” says Irene. Perhaps she was thinking of that hat when she won a voice contest at the Chicago Musical college, and so the ambition which had lain dormant since childhood crystallized into a genuine aim to become a singer. On Her Way A year later, after hard study, she was singing the lead in the road show of the musical comedy "Irene” at a salary of $150 a week. Back in New York, Henry W. Sav age gave her a chance to under study Peggy Wood in "The Clinging Vine.” When Peggy’s father died Irene stepped into the lead for a single Broadway performance! It was enough, to win her a chance at a summer of light opera sponsored by the Chandlers in Atlanta, Ga., a similar stint in St. Louis, and the lead in "The City Chap” for the Dillinghams, which was followed by the lead in “Sweetheart Time.” This called for a new hat and a party at the New York Biltmore. A strange gentleman noticed the hat first, and requested an introduction. Three years later she married Dr. Francis Griffin — the same gentle man. The bridal couple boarded the Berengaria and sailed for a Euro pean honeymoon. "The day after I returned home wearing a beautiful new blue hat purchased in Paris,” recounts Miss Dunne, "was the day I met Flo Ziegfeld in an elevator. Before I left the building he sent for the girl in ‘the blue hat!’ ” A Dream Come True Because of that hat. Edna Fer ber’s glorious “Show Boat’’ was Irene’s for the asking. The opening night of "Show Boat” marked the starting of a rich and varied career for the pretty girl with a voice and pretty hats. When the search for the heroine of “Cimarron” began, Irene inveigled a test and there was an astounded gasp from producers. Sabra, a straight dramatic role, the emotion al plum of the year, to a musical comedy actress? Nonsense! Nonsense or not, she wanted it, and got it—thanks to a hat which she borrowed from a wig designer. Trail Blazer “Cimarron” started an entirely new cycle. "Magnificent Obsession.” "Batk Street,” “Symphony of Six Million.” “The Secret of Madame Blanche,” “The Silver Cord,” and so on. Then Irene had a hunch it was time to try comedy. She accepted the harum-scarum girl of “Theodora Goes Wild.” "The Awful Truth” fol lowed, and she found herself hailed as a comedienne. Critics are again pointing with pride to her as an emotional actress for such romantic roles as the girl of M-G-M’s “A Guy Named Joe.” opposite Spencer Tracy, and that veritable cavalcade of a woman’s lifetime, "The White Cli/Ts of Dover.” Irene Dunne, accompanied by Dr. Griffin, went east for the premiere of the latter picture. She's back home now, ready for either drama, comedy, musical, or romance. Stiooper-Dooper Too bad that "Here Come the WAVES” isn’t ready for release now. It would help recruiting. I vis ited the set the other day Ketty Hut ton had them play back the record she made singing a duet with her self. It’s her first doubling job. She plays a blonde and redhead. Some times she switches from one role to the other four times a day. That means new makeup and blonde hair washed and reset. She was grateful for the patience of Mark Sandrich. JK HANDSOME pair of cushions to brighten up your living room may be made from things on hand or from remnants of silk. Frequently the largest pieces of the skirt of an old silk dress may be used for a pair of matching cushions. The backing may be made of sateen. A soft fold of a STITCH ENOS ^STITCH ■rj £ INS IDS OUT : STITCH LEAVING OPENING i ON ONE J SIDE contrasting silk around the edge makes a smart finish. The sketch shows how such a fold is cut and applied. Eighteen inches square is a good size for the cushions and, if you have an assortment of cushions of different sizes, it is easy to trans fer the filling into ticks of the size you want. Stitch and turn, leaving a four-inch opening in one side. Rip a smaller opening in the old ticking; sew the large opening over the smaller one and then work the filling through. • * • NOTE: This illustration is from BOOK 2 of the Mend-and-Save-for-Victory book lets. Book 2 contains directions for all types of darning, patching and fabric re pairing with large diagrams. Many useful hints for using old materials are illustrat ed. Price 15 cents. Address: MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS Bedford Hills New York Drawer 10 Enclose 15 cents for Book No. 2. Name . Address . Long-Haired Sikh Soldiers Unable to Wear Helmets The only soldiers today who are unable to wear helmets are the 100,000 enlisted Sikhs of India, many of whom are fighting with the British army in Italy. Because a religious custom for bids them to cut their hair, they wear it in a large oiled topknot, protected from dust by a huge turban containing from 12 to 16 square yards of material. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT PERSONAL Check Up On Yourself. Send 10c coin or ■tamps for Psychological Chart prepared by world famed teacher. Mt. Washington Pubs., 3880-82 San Rafael. Los Angeles. 31. Calif. JERSEY HEIFERS 100 very high grads Jersey heifers de hornejl and tested to go anywhere. STEPHEN A. CAItlt, COLLINS, IOWA. 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