|-WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS-1
U.S. Employment Shows Decline;
Nazis Continue Retreat in Italy;
Japanese Tighten Grip on China
11 1 ■ " Released by Western Newspaper Union. 1
(EDITOR’S NOTE: When •pinions are expressed In these column*, thejr are thosa of
Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily sf'thls newspaper.)
Zero Hour-Yank* await signal to attack Jap machine gun nett
In Burma.
EMPLOYMENT:
On Decline
For the first time since the war
began, the nation's manpower ap
peared in balance with needs, with
supply of labor in critical areas the
only problem, the National Indus
trial Conference board said.
Earlier the department of agri
culture noted a 4 per cent decline
In farm labor, with some of the de
crease attributed to the inability to
get into the fields because of un
favorable weather. As a result of
the delay, many farmers were ex
pected to switch acreage from
small grains to row crops, necessi
tating additional work.
Reflecting the continued drop in
manufacturing industries, there
were 41,800,000 non-farm workers in
March, compared with the peak of
43,000.000 in July. 1943. Only in
transportation was there an increase
shown over last year.
EUROPE:
Foe Reels
With soldiers from six nations
fighting shoulder to shoulder in Al
lied ranks, the Germans fell slowly
back in Italy, their retreating col
umns under heavy fire of the ad
vancing host, drawing closer to the
Eternal City of Rome.
As the Allied blow fell in Italy,
thousands of U. S. and British planes
continued their heavy bombardment
of Axis communications and indus
try in western Europe, their explo
Mediterranean Commander 8lr
Henry Maitland Wilaon (left) con
fers with Llent. Gen. Mark Clark
of 5tb army (center) and Deputy
Mediterranean Commander Jacob
L. Devers on Italian front.
sives twisting steel rails into fanci
ful forms and reducing segments of
factories into smouldering pyres.
Preparatory to a great offensive
from the east. Russian bombers
hammered at Nazi supply bases.
With the collapse of their Gustav
line in Italy, the Germans fell back
slowly toward the Anzio beachhead
to the north, where their embattled
troops clashed with massed Allied
forces slugging for a breakthrough,
which would trap the retreating
army from the rear.
West Wall
The searching eyes of aerial
photography have uncovered what
lies ahead of Allied troops massed
to storm Germany's formidable
west wall.
Under command of icy, 69-year
old Field Marshal von Rundstedt,
the west wall shapes up as a series
of deeply entrenched steel and con
crete fortifications stretching back
far inland, and carefully camou
flaged to prevent concentration of
Allied fire on them.
Dotting the scenic French land
scape are innocent-looking, little
bouses, sheltering the muzzles
of big German field pieces whose
carriages are sunk into the ground,
and poking their noses from the
aides of hills, are rocket guns
buried in the terrain.
CRYPTOSTEGIA
The government’s experimental
rubber project in Haiti has been
abandoned as a failure and an in
vestment of $8,000,000 Is bieing writ
ten off. It was explained that it was
found impossible to recover any ap
preciable quantity of rubber from
the desert vine "cryptostegia” which
was grown on the 40.000-acre tract.
It had been confidently hoped that
this tough plant would become a
major source of rubber for this
hemisphere and would provide a
money crop for the natives.
PACIFIC:
1,000-Mile Advance
With hii forces taking another
long jump of 125 miles to the north
west in Dutch New Guinea, Gen.
Douglas MacArthur advanced clos
er to his cherished goal of the Philip
pines, there to avenge Bataan.
The latest gain drew U. S. forces
nearer to the thick cluster of islands
lying off Dutch New Guinea which
the enemy reportedly has fortified
with air bases to counter any Al
lied thrust against the Indies to the
south or the Philippines to the north.
In advancing 125 miles westward,
U. S. forces were 1,000 miles away
from Milne Bay, far to the south
east and from which General Mac
Arthur launched the campaign that
has gradually pushed the Japs out
of their farthest South Pacific hold
ings.
TRANSPORTATION:
Overhauling Asked
Correction of inequalities and dis
criminations in present freight
rate structures to reflect the cost
of service, and creation of three
permanent federal agencies to keep
abreast of transportation problems,
were among the recommendations
made by a special board of inves
tigation and research organized by
congressional enactment in 1940.
At the same time, the board went
into the south's protest against cer
tain freight rate differences benefit
ing the northeast, declaring that
figures showed that what the south
really needed was a development of
her own industry to utilize her abun
dant natural resources.
The board called for the ship
pers’ freedom in the selection of
reasonable joint routes and rates
of the same or different types of
transportation facilities to speed
commerce.
CHINA:
Seek Unity
With the Japanese tightening their
grip on China through their con
trol of her seaports and productive
industrial centers, Chiang Kai-Shek
moved to gird the country for a
final stand against the enemy by
drawing the Communists in the
north fully into the battle.
As Chiang met with Communist
leader Lin Tso-han, Chinese regu
lars continued their drive into
northern Burma, in an effort to join
up with Lieut. Gen. Joseph Stil
well’s troops moving eastward from
India, and thus open a new supply
route to China.
Upon the extent of Chiang’s con
cession of self-rule and participation
in the Chinese central government
to the Communists reportedly will
rest the degree of their cooperation.
BRITISH EMPIRE:
Favor League
Having concluded their long con
ference with Prime Minister
Churchill. Britain’s dominion pre
miers packed their bags for the
trip homeward, but not before issu
ing a statement favoring a world
peace organization and avowing a
fight to the finish against the com
mon enemy.
“We affirm that after the war
a world organization . . . should be
set up and endowed with the neces
sary power and authority to pre
vent aggression and violence,'* the
premiers said.
“We rejoice in the unquenchable
spirit of our comrade!! in every
country still in the grip of the
enemy.’* the premiers declared.
"We shall not turn from the conflict
till they are restored to freedom.
Not one who marches with us shall
be abandoned.”
MISCELLANY:
LESS MEAT: There will be about
ten pounds less meat per capita
available during the latter half of
the year, the bureau of agricultural
economics estimates. This would
mean that average consumption per
person for the six month period
would total 67.5 pounds, about the
same as in the second half of 1943,
when all meats were on the ration
list.
REHABILITATION:
Navy Program
After six months of operation of
the rehabilitation program for men
and women at the U. S. naval hos
pital at Great Lakes, exhibits told
an interesting story of the success
of the project under direction of
Lieut. Comdr. R. E. Kinneman.
On display were fancy scarves,
purses and belts In yellows, whites
and greens. There were such use
ful articles as ash trays and bill
folds, and such chippery bric-a-bracs
as clay turtles and yam dogs. Pic
tures caught the charm of the out
doors and depicted naval life.
Created to stimulate the minds of
patients as well as restore the
mobility of injured limbs, the re
habilitation program also has
served to help the convalescents to
uncover many talents of which
they were never aware.
OIL:
New Field
With the discovery of a promis
ing big oil field in Mississippi which
already has brought in two large
wells, attention was focused on a
whole tier of southeastern states.
According to oil authorities, ap
proximately '155,000 miles of terri
tory at the roots of the Appalachian
mountains in North Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama and Mis
sissippi are underlain by sedi
mentary rocks, which might bear
much petroleum.
Although a 130,000 mile territory
in Texas and Louisiana has already
given up 14 billion barrels of oil,
authorities’ enthusiasm for the pros
pective southeastern field has been
tempered by reports that its zones
for accumulation of petroleum are
fewer in number and the thickness
of the sedimentary rocks are less
than in the Texas and Louisiana re
gions.
LABOR:
Foremen Rock
Three thousand five hundred
members of the Independent Fore
men’s association
or America trooped
back to their jobs
in Detroit, Mich.,
plants after the
chief of the army
a i r forces, Gen.
H. H. Arnold, de
clared their strike
had already cost
production of 250
long-range P-51
fighter planes and
could affect inva
sion operations.
As a result of the
foremen’s walkout
over demands for
union recognition
which industry op
posed on its tradi
tional grounds tnat
en. Arnold foremen are a part
R. II. Keyes 0f management,
nearly 50,000 work*
ers had been laid off because of
the lack of adequate supervision of
production.
Following General Arnold's testi
mony, the association’s national
president, Robert H. Keyes, issued
instructions for ending the strike,
charging the government with de
laying settlement of the case.
REFRIGERATION:
Ease Space
With warehousemen and food
handlers cooperating fully with the
War Food administration’s informa
tion centers, cooler occupancy was
at 82 per cent In May, with much
space of this type not ordinarily
used at this time well filled.
At the same time, WFA an- I
nounced that freezer occupancy j
stood at 85 per cent in May, with
much room made available by the
clearance of fruits, vegetables and
poultry.
With demand for cooler space ex- j
pected to continue, WFA revealed
that it would push its program
for converting cooler space at 32
degrees to 50 degrees to freezer
space at 31 degrees and lower,
and vice-versa.
JOINT COMMAND:
Dratvs Support
The touchy question of combining
the different branches of the serv
ices into a single command, so
strongly favored by the army, drew
the support of President Woodrow
Wilson’s secretary of the navy.
Josephus Daniels.
Mincing no words, Daniels de
clared that the disaster at Pearl
Harbor resulted from a divided
command, and asserted: “History
Is replete with the squabbles be
tween the army and navy which
prolong wars, showing the neces
sity of combination.”
When he was working for uni
fication of the services during World
War I, Daniels said, Secretary of
War Undley Harrison told him: (
“Joe, 1 don’t care a damn about
the navy and you don’t care a
damn about the army. You run
your machine and 1 will run mine.” ;
DISEASE
The campaign against social dis
eases scored a victory on one front
and lost ground on another last
year. In the second half of 1943 there,
was a decline of 16 per cent in new
cases of syphilis among civilians but
gonorrhea cases jumped II per cent
The number of new syphilis cases
for the six months term was
245,000, compared with 290.out) u>
the second half of 1942. Gonorrnea
cases were set at 158,000, compared
with 137,000 in the latter part of the
preceding year.
Allies, Holding Offensive,
Have Invasion Advantage
‘Veritas/ Famed British Military Expert,
Sees Nazis Handicapped by Being
Pinned Inside Defense Circle.
-
By BAUKHAGE
\rwi Analyst and Commentator.
W’NU Service, Union Trust Building
Washington, D. C.
What happens when ‘‘the coiled
springs of action” are released in
the cataclysm of invasion?
Europe is enveloped in the smoke
and confusion of battle and only oc
casionally does this fog lift "show
ing the swaying forms of vast ar
mies amid the screaming clatter of
mechanized combat." It descends
again "blotting out the view and
leaving us uncertain as to the
shape of the plan.”
That is the observation of one of
the keenest British military experts,
"Veritas," whose privately circulat
ed analyses are cabled to this coun
try and eagerly scanned by persons
most interested in the conflict now
going on.
And Veritas reminds us that we
can only maintain our sense of
perspective and proportion if we
keep carefully in mind certain fun
damental aspects of the military sit
uation from the German standpoint.
This, likewise, applies to the politi
cal aspects.
A well-known psychologist, Dr.
Norman Maier of the University of
Michigan who predicted the failure
of the Munich appeasement program
by demonstrating in advance that
according to psychological princi
ples, it could not succeed, recently
made some interesting observations.
He said that Hitler would be liqui
dated and a revolution would take
place in Germany as soon as the
last of the "myths" created by the
German propagandists for the pur
pose of lulling the Germans into a
false sense of security were explod
ed. The Germans, he explains, be
long to a “frustrated society.” Hit
ler cured their frustration with ag
gression, when aggression is frus
trated, nothing else will be left.
Revised Propaganda
This type of “security” propagan
da being fed to the German people
had to be revised recently. So much
had been said about the strength of
Nazi fortifications that the leaders
realized the people had developed
what they called a "Maginot mind.”
In other words, they had become
reassured to the point of compla
cency. Therefore, the more recent
propaganda foreshadowed success
ful landings by the Allies and played
up the second line of defense.
For instance, it was stated that
the city of Lyons was fortified to re
sist operations in case it became
the center of the conflict (Lyons is
200 miles inland).
Thus, the effort was made to pre
serve the myth of security up to the
las^ moment. As to the possibility
of revolution before desperation
seizes the Germans, that is slight.
It is probable that the Overmans
might, oust the Nazis novt if they
dared; but it is doubtful if anything
short of the sheer desperation fol
lowing defeat will turn them against
the guns of the black shirts.
A Swiss who returned from Berlin
Just before the^day and night bomb
ing of Germany began, said:
“There can be no thought of revo
lution. The Gestapo and the SS
are too powerful.”
He recited this incident:
‘•An Italian worker who was pass
ing through the Friederichstrasse
was just about to pick up (after the
bombing of a cigarette factory) one
of the many boxes of cigarettes ly
ing around on the ground. Nearby
was a young SS man armed with an
automatic pistol . . . without any
previous warning, he took aim and
shot the Italian down.”
This is said to be a typical inci
dent and the Swiss declared that a
German woman who drops her pock
etbook does not dare to stoop over
and pick it up.
The Military Aspects
The military aspects are a very
different matter. The great strength
of German strategy built on “in
terior lines” has been turned to a
weakness. A nation on the offensive
which can strike overpowering blows
at any point it chooses along the
perimeter of the territory it con
trols has a great advantage.
Its lines are short, they are pro
lected, they move from the center
outward like the radii of a circle.
The opposing power must laborious
ly follow the circumference—witness
the supply lines froi#i the Allies to
Russia which have to sweep around
all of Europe to Murmansk or all
around Africa to the Middle East.
But interior lines become a weak
ness when a nation goes on the de
fensive. As a matter of fact. Gen
eral von Clausewitz. who wrote one
of the most authoritative books on
strategy, said:
‘‘When you have to go on the de
fensive, it is too late to go on the
defensive.”
When you do so, interior lines
make it all the worse.
Veritas comments on the position
of the enemy in the present situa
tion as follows:
", . . the fact that he is inside a
circumference which he must main
tain is a deadly disadvantage be
cause he is pinned down at every
point on the circle, whereas his op
ponents are free to exploit their la
tent advantages of exterior lines by
hitting everywhere at once if they
choose.”
Therefore in viewing the present
situation in Europe we must bear
these two factors in mind:
First, the Nazis can hold down the
revolution within until the Germans
realize that their last myth of se
curity is exploded. But second, the
strategic position of the Allies, cou
pled with their superiority in man
power, air power and amount of
equipment, gives them a decided ad
vantage.
Through the fog of the battle, the
occasional glimpse we catch must
be interpreted in the light of these
fundamentals.
Training for Farmera
Recently, the Office of Defense
Transportation announced that pub
lic vocational training schools in 190
cities throughout the country were
turning over to the automotive in
dustry a “constantly increasing
number of workers trained in one or
more phases of automotive indus
try.”
The United States Office of Edu
cation is sponsoring the automotive
maintenance training program.
They are trying to help fill the gap
in automotive maintenance person
nel caused by the war.
But what many people do not
realize is that it is also conducting
courses that directly touch the farm.
Congress appropriated $12,500,000
for the food production war training
program which the Office of Educa
tion administers.
The minimum age limits for both
out-of-school and in-school persons
have now been removed and all
courses are now offered to urban as
well as rural persons.
Twenty-two courses are being of
fered in which the farmer is inter
ested, and they run all the way from
the operation, care and repair of
tractors, trucks and automobiles to
soil and water conservation. And
besides the various handiworks in
the mechanical line around the farm
such as machinery repair, wood
working, elementary electricity and
construction of farm machinery and
equipment, there are special courses
in milk production, poultry produc
tion, eggs, pork, beef, mutton, lamb,
wool, soybeans, peanuts and various
commercial vegetable production.
There is general training for farm
workers, production of fruit and
nuts, vegetable gardening and pret
ty nearly everything that one has to
know how to do around a farm.
These courses are conducted
through the cooperation of the pub
lic schools and are responsible to
the state board for vocational edu
cation.
William T. Spanton, chief of the
division for vocational agriculture,
says he believes that on a dollar-for
dollar basis, no appropriations made
by congress to stimulate increased
food production have contributed
more to this end than has been true
of the appropriations already made
to the U. S. Office of Education for
these specific vocational training
programs.
"Practically all of our 8,000 local
departments of vocational agricul
ture, scattered widely throughout
the entire country,” says Mr. Span
ton, "have available on the local
school ground a well-equipped farm
shop building where courses in farm
machinery repair are given to farm
ers and where, at the same time,
their much-needed farm machinery
and equipment can and is being ac
tually overhauled and repaired.”
B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage
—
Of the 20,000 Australian civilian*
now employed by the U. S. army in
the Southwest Pacific, about 30 per
cent are women, as reported by a
Melbourne broadcast to the U. S.
• • •
The rice produced in China's Jap
anese-occupied hiansu and Che
kiang districts can be bought only by
the Japanese at a fixed price, to be
sent to Japan for military use.
The Tokio government has organ
ized home guard corps in 13 key
centers of Japan in preparation for
Allied air raids.
• • *
British and American airmen
have been dropping copies of a
Dutch-language weekly newspaper
and a monthly magazine over occu
pied Holland since last May. it was
disclosed in London recently.
Jledd**
Looking at
HOLLYWOOD
THE other day when I was at the
M-G-M studio I decided to call
on my old friend Sidney Franklin.
He’s their top producer now, and the
only one who has proved himself
worthy of stepping into Irving Tbal
berg’s shoes. If you challenge this
I’d like to remind you that it was
Sidney who directed such films as
"The Good Earth," "Barretts of
Wimpole Street,’’ "8milin’ Through,’*
and "The Guards- _
man.” And he
has produced
“Goodbye, Mr.
Chips,” "Mrs.
Miniver,” “Mad
ame Curie,”
“Random Har
vest,” and “White
Cliffs.” How’s that
for a record?
Guess there can
be no protest Sidney Franklin
about whose shoes
Sidney Franklin is standing In!
We’ve been friends for so many
years I don’t like to count them.
Let’s settle for a quarter of a cen
tury! So when I breezed up to his
office I knew I’d be welcome. How
ever, I knocked politely and waited.
A barking dog answered me, so I
opened the door and walked in. What
met my startled glance? Four sol
emn men were seated in a semi
circle looking intently at Sidney,
who was crawling on his hands and
knees from behind the couch, bark
ing!
‘‘What gives?” says I.
Sidney rose, blushed a little, and
extended his hand. ‘‘I haven’t gone
to the demnition bowwows,” says
he. "I was just acting out the pup’s
scene!”
There** Teamwork
And there you have the answer to
his success; there isn’t even the
smallest role in any of his pictures
that doesn’t come alive in Sidney’s
office before the scenario is handed
over to the director and actors.
These men with him were writers,
director, and art director. They filed
out soberly, as we all do when we
have just been impressed by some
one’s knowledge and integrity, leav
ing Sid and me to talk about the old
days; about those years of struggle
and all they entail. Sidney likes to
talk about the past. So do I.
Sidney came here from San Fran
cisco 30 years ago. He was then a
school boy on a summer vacation,
hanging around the gates of the old
Selig studio and trying to catch a
glimpse of the mysteries beyond.
One day a husky guy was unload
ing equipment from a big van. He
saw this shy kid looking up at him
with eager eyes. ‘‘Wanta lug this
camera into the studio for me?”
Gadgets to Grease Paint
Sidney sprang into action, and
once inside those gates, they
couldn’t get rid of him. There was
drive and determination in that
kid. By the time he took a job in the
old Hobart Bosworth studio, about a
year later, he had schooled himself
to do so many chores, and to do
them well, that he was nicknamed
Sid Detail. Then came that memo
rable day when an actor didn't show
up. He was scheduled to play oppo
site a growling grizzly bear! Sev
eral actors refused the role. At last
driven to desperation, the director
yelled, ‘‘Where's Sid Detail?”
Around the corner came little Sid
—so thin he could sit on a dime and
show the edges. He looked at the
bear. The bear looked at him.
But Sid Detail was used to taking
orders, and the director was telling
him what he was to do in the
scene. An hour later, when the
cameras stopped grinding, a come
dian was born. He could have taken
his place beside Harold Lloyd or
the others
Brawn and Brain
All of us urged him to go on act
ing But he lacked the self-exploita
tion actors need. Direction inter
ested him more. In that capacity he
could express himself behind the
camera, pulling the strings, a
shadowy figure on the sidelines.
But, having the potentialities of a
fine actor, he helps his writers to
visualize scenes, always acting out
every role until they themselves
can detect any false situations or
actions. A hard taskmaster—all per
fectionists are But his writers love
him, even when he wears them to
the bone. One of them said: “Hedda,
that guy works from the heart as
well as the brain In story confer
ences he's inspirational and untir
ing.”
I smiled. I’d listened to the same
story for years, but in spite of this
grueling work in the Franklin unit
there isn’t a writer who doesn't
plead for the opportunity.
Impressive Christening
I’ve done nothing to deserve the
honor that was bestowed on me re
cently, when I christened one of
Douglas’ C-47 ambulance planes
which the company is naming Hedda
Hopper. Having one of those giant
birds of mercy bearing your name is
something to haVe lived for . . .
When Asia, "Thin Man’s" dog,
hears his name he barks, so a line
in “Thin Man Comes Home" about
Astor hotel had to be changed to
Sherry-Netherlands hotel. Whenever
they said "Astor," the dog barked
ON THE
HOME 'ml mill
CFRONT;
RUTH WYETH SPEARS
HERE is a cookie jar that may
be made at home from odds
I and ends of wood stenciled with
gay peasant figures and quaint let
tering. But that is not all. This
jar or box sits on an old fashioned
brightly painted corner shelf
'USE ACTUAL-SIZE
PATTERN TO --
CUT COOKIE BOX |g
AND CORNER MBL.
SHELF OF
THIN WOOO
H STENCIL f
Peasant figures k
AND LETTERING |
ON BOX
which may be cut out of thin wood
and put together quickly with glue
and brads.
Even if you do not have a jig
saw or a coping saw to cut out
the graceful curves of the shelf
pieces, you may mark the design
on a piece of plywood or other thin
wood and have it cut at your near
est woodworking shop. As for the
cookie box, it is all straight cuts.
• • *
NOTE—Mrs. Spears has prepared an
actual size pattern for this corner shelf
and cookie box; also a stencil pattern
with complete color guide for the lettering
and peasant figures; all on one large sheet
which will be mailed for 15 cents which
Includes cost and postage. Ask for Pat
tern 266 and write direct to:
MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS
Bedford Hills New York
Drawer 10
Enclose IS cents for Pattern No. 266.
Address_
One May Take Sun Bath
While Watching Movie
A new installment for theaters
has been announced to avoid the
embarrassing experience of unin
tentionally sitting on a strang
er’s lap in finding a seat in the
dark. Entire theater is flooded with
ultraviolet radiation at low inten
sity.
Fluorescent material is used as
seat upholstery and floor cover
ings. Seats glow unmistakably
when empty. Incidental benefit:
Ultraviolet suntan bath while
watching your favorite movie.
RELIEVE To ease irritation, form medi
n r f\ cated coat of protection be
D C U tween skin and chafing bed
QAnrC clothes, apply Mcxsana.
wUlIEw soothing medicated powder.
~BE AUT Y S 0 H 0 or
DON’T BeTaSLACKER
Be Independent while the men tolka are lit
the service (Unroll to Nebraska's oldest
beauty school Graduates now earning
from $25 to $75 weekly. Write
CALIFORNIA BKAIJTY NCHOOL
Omaha. Nebraska
KILLS'^
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