WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_ Nazi Rail Lines Hammered by Allies In Pre-Invasion Softening Process; Lend-Lease Grants Total 30 Billion; Stilwell Advances in Northern Burma (EDITOR'S NOTE: When •pinion* are repressed In these eolomns, they are those ol Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. Beachhead—There’* more to establishing a beachhead than mere* ly forcing a landing. At Aitape in Dutch New Guinea, Doughbo7* are •bown bringing up supplies for continued operations. EUROPE: Nazi Preparations As it was reported that the Ger mans were prepared to sacrifice 200,000 men along the "Atlantic Wall" to slow up the Allies’ land ing operations and allow the Ger man high command opportunity to shift large reserves to the most critical battle areas, U. S. and British bombers continued their non-stop bombardment of enemy de fense installations and communica tion lines to blast a forward path for the Invasion forces. As the zero hour approached, the Nazis sought to assure against Allied landings in Holland by preparing to flood the lowlands, port of which al ready have been inundated follow ing the removal of the inhabitants. Heavy U. S. and British aerial bombardments reportedly razed Nazi rail lines 100 miles inland from the channel coast, putting a severe crimp into the transport system over which the Nazis hoped to rush seasoned troops to encounter early Allied landings, possibly made in conjunction with a great Russian of fensive in the cast. U. S. SEIZURE: Congress Acts Stirred by U. S. troop seizure of the Chicago plant of Montgomery Ward and company Rep. Dewey Sen. Byrd after the latter s re fusal to extend a CIO union contract upon order of the War Labor board, both the senate and the house moved to review the whole field of wartime executive authority. In introducing a resolution for study ing the Ward case which was quickly adopted, Sen. Harry Byrd (Va.) said: *• . . . The measure . . . should lead to correction of legis lation under which this (the War d) seizure of a private business was made.” Previously, Rep. Charles Dewey (111.) called upon the house to authorize an investigation of the government’s occupation of the Ward plant, a seizure nation’s No. 2 mail order company contested in federal court dh the ground it is no war industry, and an action the U. 8. defended on the stbength of its claim that the business sells produc tive machinery to farmers in ad vancement of the war effort. MEAT: Plenty on Hand Reduction of government pur chases of meat in the face of crowded warehouses and heavy hog receipts at markets resulted in OPA’s removal of meat rationing except on beef steaks and roasts. On April 1. warehouses held a near record of 1,246.813,000 pounds of meat compared with 780,806,000 pounds a year ago. Packing facili ties were being stretched to the ut most as farmers continued heavy hog shipments, partly because of the tight feed supply recently aggra vated by the government’s embargo on all private corn sales in 125 mid west counties to divert stocks to in dustrial processors. As a result of the government's program, virtually all wet corn millers were operating, with enough grain pledged for four months. PACIFIC: Stiltvell Advances Lieut. Gen. Joseph Stilwell’s mixed U. S., Chinese and native Burmese troops pushed the Japs far ther back in northern Burma in their drive to clear a new supply road to distressed China, while Brit ish and Indian forces continued to slow up the Japs' determined cam paign to sever the Assam-Bengal rail line feeding General Stilwell's army. In the South Pacific, U. S. troops strengthened their hold on the Hol landia area in Dutch New Guinea, while American bombers ranged up and down the island smashing at Jap bases supplying straggling enemy troops. In addition to threatening General Stilwell’s supply lines, the Jap drive in India reportedly was de signed to establish India’s Col laborationist Subhas Chandra Bose on native soil for an intensive propa ganda drive to arouse the Hindus to revolt against the British. LEND-LEASE: 30 Billion Including special assistance given by other government agencies, lend lease aid now approximates $30,362, 687,362, the senate was told in con sidering extension of the act. Broken down into loans, grants, investments, construction, pur chases in foreign countries, current expenses and other aid and expendi tures, the special assistance alone, chiefly extended by the army and navy, amounts to $8,500,000,000. Ordi nary lend-lease assistance totals $21,794,237,819. Of the $30,362,687,362 spent, Great Britain has received $19,700,297,674; Russia, $4,214,921,449; So. America, $2,327,378,789; China, $920,349,451. SURPLUS MATERIAL: Use Considered With U. S. sales of surplus war goods already running between $12, 000,000 and $15,000,000 monthly, the knotty problem of allowing produc tion of civilian goods, with raw ma terials and scrap reverting to the government through termination of war contracts, has arisen. Although some flatirons, alarm clocks, furniture, kitchenware, radio tubes, electric fans, stoves, kitchen ranges and bathtubs are scheduled for delivery in 1944, they are but a drop in the bucket compared with civilian requirements. Despite the admitted surplus of many raw materials, the War Pro duction board has opposed their ap preciable use in civilian goods on the grounds that such manufacture would aggravate the manpower situ ation. POLITICS: Army Impartial The ticklish problem of supplying U. S. soldiers with political informa tion on the 1944 national elections was bravely approached by the war department, with emphasis firmly placed on impartiality. Although doughboys will be per mitted to read their favorite maga zine or newspaper, the war depart ment ruled that in radio broadcasts and service publications, equal time or space must be granted to both sides. Motion pictures and entertain ments also drew the attention of the war department, with no partial ma terial to be tolerated in either source, and commanding officers to closely guard against the revision of scripts violating the regulation. CHINA: Japs Tighten Hold With no less than 80,000 troops backed by large forces of reserves, the Japanese pressed their drive to clear the embattled Chinese from the Hankow-Peiping railway in northeastern China. Japanese success would clear a considerable belt of the road for north-south traffic, strengthening the enemy's stranglehold on eastern China, which includes all of that stricken country’s principal sea ports. Since overrunning eastern China, the Japs have worked hard to estab lish new Industries in the occupied territories to capitalize on the coun try’s material and manpower re sources, and there have been re ports that the Jap war machine‘has considered transfer of government and economic administrative offices to the Chinese mainland in the event of sustained U. S. bombardment of, the home islands. MEXICO: Ends Snooze As one means of saving tires by cutting down travel between busi ness and home, and of conserv ing electricity by avoiding the neces sity of working later at night, Pres. Manuel Avila Camacho ordered an end of Mexico’s famed midday siesta for government and industry. Beginning June 1, government of fices will open at 8 a. m. and run throughout the day; stores will operate from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m., and factories will work from 6 a. m. to 2 p. m. In putting an end to Mexico's mid day snooze, President Camacho said that because of the time consumed in travelling, few people got in a real nap, anyway. Chief objection to the new order is expected to come from conductors and drivers, who receive a share of fares. WHISKY: No Prospects Unless there is a sudden reduction in requirements for alcohol for syn Donald Nelson tnetic ruDDer and other war needs, there is no immedi ate prospect for a resumption of whis ky manufacture, War Production Chief Donald Nel son said. "I'm opposed to the use of any facili ties for production of civilian commod lues lr it is not reasibie and might interfere with necessary war produc tion,” Nelson declared. PROFITS: Going Up With some industries like petro leum showing a 46 8 per cent boost in net incomes, and others like the wholesale and retail group report ing a 16.5 per cent drop, profit of 259 leading big businesses for the first quarter of 1944 amounted to $274,032,000, 6 per cent higher than last year, but 19 per cent below 1941. At the same time, an analysis of operations of 50 manufacturing com panies for 1943 showed that costs helped to counterbalance income, and profit was held to 3.1 per cent per dollar of sales. For instance, it was reported 1943 wages and salaries took 72.8 per cent of gross income, before taxes but after other costs, compared with 66 per cent in 1940. Taxes claimed 20.8 per cent against 15.8 in 1940. AIR TRAVEL: Monopoly Debated Burning question in aviation circles today is whether various U. S. lines shall form a single com pany for international service or whether they shall compete for busi ness as separate-organizations. Although only two of 19 U. S. lines favor a single company, there is strong pressure for such a setup on the grounds that its operation on a volume basis could allow it to compete against foreign air lines which undoubtedly will be finan cially supported by their govern ments. In opposing the single company idea, no less than 17 U. S. lines feel that competition could be expected to result in improved service and promotion of air travel, without fet tering free enterprise. CASUALTIES: Total 197,841 Latest figures put U. S. casualties in World War II at 197,841, with the army suffering 153,302 and the navy 44,539. Of the army casualties. 26,575 were reported killed, 62,312 wound ed, 33,814 missing and 30,601 pris oners. Navy losses included 18.992 killed, 11,899 wounded, 9,192 miss ing and 4,456 prisoners. With 45.567 deaths already report ed, the death toll already neared World War I's, when 53.000 men died in action or of wounds. WOOL CHEAPER To move a part of the large stock pile of wool on hand, the Commodity Credit corporation has decided to fix the price of domestic wool at a figure equal to or slightly below im ported wool. At present, the im ported article is 18 cent3 a pound cheaper than the domestic. This procedure will mean a loss to the CCC but another federal agency, which owns the foreign wool ulti mately will make a profit which will more than offset the loss on the do mestic sale. HIGHLIGHTS •• • in the week's news ! POSTAL NOTES: A plan to pro vide “postal notes" for transmission of money by mail in sums under ten dollars for a flat five-cent fee is being considered by the sen ate postal committee. The house has already approved the proposal. These notes would not supplant the use of the regular money order for small sums but would be a conven ient addition to the postal services. DESIGNER: Paul Poiret, 64, once among the world’s most famous fashion designers, died in Paris vir tually a pauper. RAYON HOSE: More thin rayon hosiery will be produced and less of the heavier grades, by permission of the War Production board. The in dustry has been complaining that women were not buying the better wearing heavier lines. Rotenone Destroy* Many Insect Pests New Insecticide Is Harmless to Man Among the newer insecticides are those containing rotenone. This val uable product of the roots of species of Derris and Lonchocarpus (com monly called cube or timbo) was imported from the Southwest Pa cific and South America, respective ly, before the war. After supplies from Malaya and the East Indies were cut off, the development of derris culture in Central and South America was given impetus. Rotenone is an organic compound toxic to many insects and poisonous 10 fish, but is not considered harm ful to man in dilutions sufficient to kill insects. This makes possible the use of the ground derris or cube root on leafy vegetables. The roots are usually ground sufficiently fine so that most of the powder will pass through a 200-mesh screen, and it is used in diluted form. Ground rote none-bearing roots, however, may irritate tender skin and the mucous membranes. Both the spray and dust methods are used in treating infested plants. The most important uses of rote none root powder are on vegetables, fruits and flowers to control the Mexican bean beetle, cabbage cat erpillars, cucumber beetles, the pea aphis, the pea weevil, the asparagus beetle, flea beetles, the cherry fruit fly, the currant worm, rose slugs, the Japanese beetle, spittle bugs on strawberries, and the iris thrips. In combination with pyrethrum extract and sulfonated castor oil, rotenone is also effective against red spiders, thrips (except the gladiolus thrips), aphids, cucumber beetles, tarnished plant bugs, certain species of leaf rollers, and leaf tiers. The department of agriculture re ports that properly, packaged and stored ground roots containing rote none do not deteriorate appreciably for several years. Deterioration was also not found when the ground roots were diluted with inert carriers ime pyrophyllite, neutral talc, or pow dered plant products and placed in closed containers in a dark, dry room. Imports of rotenone-bearing roots into the United States had reached a total of eight million pounds in 1941, showing a rapid increase over the preceding five-year period. With the exte tsion of the use of rotenone insecticides through experiments by entomologists, a further upward movement in demand may be antici pated. Already, development of the rotenone industry in the Latin Amer ican countries has reached such pro portions that the southern nations are establishing their own experi ment stations for the further study of these root crops. Better Grade Chicks Sell Quickly, Say Experts Poultrymen who make up their minds early to buy good chicks are the ones who get the birds with the ability to lay eggs, says Prof. L. E. W’eaver of the New York State col lege of agriculture. Though the chick market is not as crowded as last year, the better chicks are sell ing fast, and late buyers have to take whatever is offered. While chick buying is somewhat a gamble, the grower who buys from a hatchery that has given him good birds before, has a good chance to get good stock. Other pointers on buying are to purchase only from hatcheries that follow an effective pullorum control program to reduce chick losses; and to buy only from dealers whose chicks do not produce birds with heavy losses from big livers, fowl paralysis, or blindness. Chicks from flocks that show little of these dis eases are usually more resistant. Rabbiteye Blueberries Rapidly Gaining Favor Harvesting blueberries from a step-ladder is not unusual in Geor gia and Florida. The tall and pro lific •‘rabbiteye” blueberries, rapidly coming into, favor, are responsible. Yields of 2,000 quarts of berries per acre are not exceptional, and the va riety grows faster as well as higher than other species, say the horticul turists. One-year shoots 60 inches high are common in well-fertilized fields, it is reported, and mature bushes often reach 15 feet. Valua ble for home and market fruit, the rabbiteye blueberry also helps con trol erosion by means of its many fine, fibrous roots close to the ground surface which help anchor the soil. New Variety of Pumpkin Is Being Developed A small-fruited, bush-type pump kin suitable for small gardens has been developed by plant breeders of the U S. department of agricul ture. Seed will be available for gen eral planting in 1945. according to present plans. This is the first bush pumpkin adapted to the usual pump kin uses^.and resembles the small sugar pumpkin. It is called Chey enne, from the field station at Chey enne. Wyo. ■ ' — ■ ■■ ■ — ...I- Ml I ...A. ... .- .,■■■■ ■ . “ ■ —^ Justice Is Sole Principle Guiding Steps of UNRRA Relief and Rehabilitation Program Claims Support of Congressmen Noted for Internationalist Viewpoint. By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. While the bombs are bursting over Europe, it is pretty hard to think of postwar activities. America just doesn’t like to do it. Furthermore, it is perfectly natural that, after our experience in the last war, when we talk about ’‘relief” for Europe, we feel we don’t want to play the role of “Uncle Sap” again. The one organization which has gone ahead with very definite, spe cifically delimited plans for civil ian international activity, is the United Nations Relief and Rehabili tation administration. Forty-four na tions have combined to set up this organization and finance its work. The United States’ part in this or ganization has the specific authoriza tion of Congress. But it never could have had this backing if it hadn’t been for the wholehearted coopera tion of certain men in Congress whom nobody by the greatest stretch of imagination could label as internationalists. One of them largely responsible for the un opposed authorization by congress for the $1,350,000,000 which is Ameri ca’s contribution to the UNRRA fund was Sen. Arthur H. Vanden berg, a member of the foreign re lations committee, who cannot be described as an "internationalist.” He supported UNRRA in this way after a long and careful consulta tion with the State department con cerning the administration’s obliga tions which the United States had to accept if it joined this body of 44 nations. Vandenberg was supported by representatives of the delegation from Ohio, among others, a middle western state not noted for inter national tendencies. I asked a member of the UNRRA staff why he thought these people were convinced that the United States ought to take part in this humanitarian movement which al though it proclaimed ultra-practical aims might naturally be doubted by the cynical. “Nobody who has read the limita tions which this organization has placed upon itself could have the crust to oppose it,” was his answer. Selling Point At that moment, I took this rather categorical statement with a grain of salt. Later, after talking with Morse Salisbury, who is well known over the air to many of the readers of this column and all of the listen ers to the “Farm and Home Hour,” I must admit I was sold. Morse Salisbury gave up an im portant position in the department of agriculture which he had held through various administrations to handle the public relations for UNRRA under former governor of New York Herbert Lehmann, its ad ministrator. I broke in on him when he was puzzling over the question of an emblem or flag or a designation for UNRRA—somebody thought it ought to have a distinguishing in signia but he was unconvinced and then he said something to me which is important to remember. “Here is one governmental insti tution — governmental in the sense that 44 nations are backing it— which, instead of wishing to per petuate itself, as most bureaucratic units are said to do, has for its chief aim—self liquidation. Like the boys in the front lines, it wants to get the job done and then quit.” The object of UNRRA is to do what it can to resolve to normalcy the chaos produced by the war and then quit. For that reason, former Gover nor Lehmann has set as one of his objectives the keeping of the num ber of administrative employees down to the absolute minimum. I'll have more to say about that later, first just a very brief summary of what UNRRA has set as its objec tive, how it hopes to obtain the ob jective, as set forth in its so-called “bible,” containing the official state ment of the resolutions qf the organization. This is the document which I was told if anyone read he would not have the crust to oppose the UNRRA program. On November 9, 1943, the repre sentatives erf these 44 nations met In the White house and signed an agreement to cooperate in bind ing up the wounds of war. Later, they met in Atlantic City and drew i — up resolutions spelling out what would be done under the agreement. Since they knew the bitterness and controversy which grew out of the unpaid war loans of the last war, one prime purpose is to achieve their aim without running up a lot of uncollectible debts. In other words, they got down to brass tacks and decided that their effort to re store normalcy in the world should be accomplished on a very simple principle of justice. They divided up the world into two categories. First, those who have enough of the things needed to feed and clothe and house their people, and those who don’t. Then there is another division be tween those who, while they don’t have the basic resources, neverthe less have the money to pay for them. All of the nations which have enough to take care of their own people are to contribute 1 per cent of their national income as of the year ending June 30, 1943. Those nations like France and Holland and Belgium and Norway and others which have been able to get gold or other wealth away from the Axis robbers and into Allied or neutral countries expect to pay for the supplies they get. Those countries which have no foreign trade or credit balance abroad will receive supplies and services to bring their people up to a rather stern standard of living and get normal daily life started again. The supplies contributed will be put into regular business chan nels and most of the people who get them will pay in their own money. Of course, this money would have no value outside of the coun try involved. It would, however, have value within the country and UNRRA would take, we will say in the case of Greece, drachmas for the supplies delivered. No Big Payroll Those drachmas world be spent within the country and will help carry out the principle which Gov ernor Lehmann has laid down—that UNRRA itself will not develop a big payroll. It will help the people to help themselves. Let me give you an example: The Greeks haven’t enough food. Their various public utilities are smashed to pieces, they have no shoes to walk on, their hospitals and other health institutions have been destroyed or disintegrated. All right. UNRRA will set down a certain number of pairs of shoes in Greece —it will set down a certain amount of food, a certain amount of cloth ing, a certain amount of machinery and other supplies—that will be paid for in drachmas which are nothing more than pieces of paper as far as the rest of the country is con cerned, but which have a cash value in Greece. They will take those drachmas and hire personnel, people who will arrange to load the supplies into trucks at the ports where UNRRA sets them down and handle the dis tribution of food and clothing through the agencies within the country: they will do the dirty work of rebuilding the waterworks and electric light plants, the public schools and other buildings neces sary for an ordered life. Thus em ployment will be furnished out of the nation’s own wealth. This is a very brief attempt to show how UNRRA works but as I sat in the Du Pont building on Con-1 necticut avenue and heard Mr. Salisbury, who is one of the most practical-minded government offi cials with whom I have dealt in my 30 years experience in Washing ton, detail UNRRA’s activities, I be gan to feel quite an emotional up surge. Salisbury may have felt it too but, of course, he wouldn’t show it any more than I would since both of us are laconic middle-westerners. I said: “Isn’t this whole idea an historical innovation?” He replied: “Well, yes. But don't think the 44 member nations are laying any pattern for postwar planning in UNRRA. They have created here an organization of a ptirely transitional nature. It's merely an attempt on the part of the nations which have something to offer to provide it. If the others can pay for the food and clothing and other things they get, they are willing to pay for it. If they can’t, the contributing na tions are going to get it to them.” -, BRIEFS.. . by Baukhage At present 19 per cent of the trucks on the road are at least 10 years old and a minimum of 8 per cent are more than 15 years old. • • • Nylon's high-service temperature of approximately 275 degrees Fahrenheit, greatly exceeding that of other thermoplastics, has contrib uted to the plastic’s quick adoption for war use. I Vital messages are carried for njarines by trained dogs when phone wires are cut. • • • An increase of 31 per cent in the number of juvenile delinquency cases disposed of by representative juvenile courts last year over the 1942 figure is reported by Katherine F. Lenroot, chief of the Children's bureau, U. S. Department of Labor. f* * Jtopp*** i Looking at HOLLYWOOD T^IDS in Hollywood with talent are a dime a dozen. Ability alone never has made a picture star. Sure Van Johnson has talent. But he has something more important—warmth and sincerity of personality that makes friends, the kind that stick through thick and thin. Van is too modest to think of himself as a star. Success to him is a fantastic mir acle. He expresses the deepest ap preciation, and means it, to those who have believed he could make it. Last March a near-tragic automo bile accident struck him down just as he got a top role with Spencer Tracy and Irene Dunne in “A Guy Named Joe.” The pulse of life wavered within him as Van lay on a hospital cot. A nurse held a mask over his face, preparing him for an emer gency operation. Van Johnson A Dig man witn gray nair waited into the room. Standing By “Would you hold this mask on his face a moment?” asked the nurse. The man did. Later he stood out side the door of the operating room as Van was wheeled inside, and waited till he came out again. That man was Director Vic Flem ing, who has more heart than most folks give him credit for. But I’m getting ahead of the story of Van Johnson, a husky, typically American kid with unruly red-gold hair, freckled face, a pair of bright blue eyes, and an infectious smile. Back in Newport, R. I., he was a popular song-and-dance man from the time he wore knee pants. He wowed ’em at the various clubs, lodges and church socials. In 1937 Van headed for New York. Luck landed him in “New Faces.” The show ran for nine months. Ups and Downs Then Van’s luck ran out. He pa tronized the hot dog stands around Times square until he heard about an audition for the summer circuits in the Catskills. For his audition he sang “You Go to My Head." Then he smiled, and was hired for $9 a week, room and board. 4L “Our circuit started at Swan lake. Liberty, N. Y.,” Van said. “We were just a bunch of ambitious kids, and loved it. I had a broken-down wardrobe that served many pur poses.” Back in New York, Van made daily rounds. Finally he went to Mary Martin work at the Koxy theater. There he met Lucille Page, an acrobatic danc er, and one of many friends who gave him a hand. Van’s singing teacher helped him land a job with ‘‘Eight Men of Manhattan.” His salary was $50 a week. They had a week m tsunaio, tnen into tne Rainbow room, where Mary Martin was the toast of the town. “Mary was a peach,” Van said. “Never stopped boosting for me. She had more faith in me than I did.” Try, Try Again From then on Van did a bit of everything, in a chorus here, doing a song and dance there, finally wind ing up in Hollywood. There he made one picture, “Murder in the Big House,” then was dropped. Van was packed for New York when he ■ stopped in at Chasen’s. He walked* straight into Lucille Ball whom he had met in Chicago. Bill Grady, MGM talent scout, was sitting at the next table. Lucille spoke up for J Van with the result that he was test- P ed with Donna Reed and two days later had an MGM contract in his pocket and a smile in his heart. People liked his smile and the way he handled himself. He got a chance to play a flier in “A Guy Named Joe.” The picture was well under way when Van had his accident. And the picture waited for his re covery. ' Gratitude Pays Dividends “What can I say about it?” Van asked. “You can’t put such thoughts into words. But my gratitude to Louis B. Mayer, to Spence, Irene Dunne, Vic Fleming, Keenan Wynn, and everybody on the lot who was pulling for me to get well is bound less. My debt can never be paid.” Now Van’s playing Lieut. Tex Lawson, the lead Tokyo raider, iA “Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo.” You Should Hear Margy If you can take Margaret O’Bri en’s delivery of Lincoln’s Gettsburg address without getting a lump in your throat so big you can’t swallow, then you're a hard-hearted critter. Charles Laughton taught her how to do it, and if Metro doesn’t put it in a picture then the studio’s not as smart as I think it is. . . . Andy Devine’s pals—Pat O’Brien, Spencer Tracy, Bing Crosby—all have played priests on the screen, so Andy doesn’t see why he can’t. He’ll do --