WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS
Unending Allied Air Offensive Blasts
Nazi’s Western Defenses, Railroads;
Lag Seen in Farm Machinery Output;
Dutch East Indies Bombed by British
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinion* art expressed la (boa* column*. Ihojr are (boo* of
Wootorn Newspaper I nlon'o aowa analysts and not necessarily of tbla newspaper.!
—... Released by Western Newspaper Union. .
rid*
Camp Gordon, Fla.—Nawspapar man touring southeastern camp*
amphibious tank at Camp Gordon, Johnston, Fla.
EUROPE:
Unending Raida
An unending procession of U. S.
and British bombers soared over
western Europe blasting the inva
sion path, while in the Balkana to
the southeast. Axis forces went over
to the attack to shore up the Rus
sians' drive on Rumania and Hun
gary.
Big bombers, medium bombers
and strafing fighter planes aU par
ticipated in the Allied aerial attacks
on France, the Lowlands and Ger
many, with rail communications
leading to the invasion coast and
airports and aircraft factories the
principal targets. In one 36-hour pe
riod alone. Allied aviators made no
less than 6,000 individual flights over
the west.
Axis counterattacks in the Bal
kans took form as the Russians ad
vanced on Carpathian mountain
pscjes leading into the rolling Hun
garian plains, and other Red forces
threatened the rich Rumanian oil
fields around Ploestt. In the Crimean
peninsula jutting into the Black sea,
Russian forces laid siege to the big
naval base of Sevastopol, where
Axis troops flocked after a lengthy
retreat.
Demand Loyalty
As western Europe crackled under
the Allies' savage bombing offensive
to clear uie inva
sion path, Nazi No.
2 Hermann Goer
ing and Nazi No. 3
Joseph Goebbels
used Hitler's 55th
birthday to loudly
appeal to the Ger
man people for un
questioned loyalty
during the hectic
period to follow.
Said Goering: "A Hermann
thousand dangers Goering
may Ue ahead . . .
New anxieties and burdens may
prove inevitable ... No sacrifice
and no privation should be too great
to make for Germany . . . Our gift
to the fuehrer is our vow not to lay
down arms until we have assured
the Reich's future."
Said Goebbels: "... Even the
greatest leaders of history will be
faced with occasional setbacks and
defeats ... It will not be possible
to form an accurate and Just idea
of the individual war events and
factors which have been decisive in
the war until the war is over ... So
to serve our aims means to be loyal
to the fuehrer and to follow him
through all the storms of war. . . "
FOREIGN HOLDINGS:
U. S. Stake
After a canvass of more than
200,000 Individuals, estates and
trusts, and 16,000 business firms, the
U. S. Treasury established Ameri
can holdings in more than SO foreign
countries at $13,300,000,000.
Although two-thirds of the hold
ings of household goods, bonds and
factories are in Allied or friendly
nations, U. S. national’s stake in
Axis or occupied countries totals
$3,775,000,000, of which $1,290,000,000
Im in Germany, $265,000,000 in Italy,
$90,000,000 in Japan, $65,000,000 in
Rumania and $55,000,000 in Hun
gary.
By far the largest U. S. invest
ments are in Canada, aggregating
$4,375,000,000 and holdings in Great
Britain total $1,030,000,000. Invest
ments in Cuba amount to $785,000,
000; Mexico, $420,000,000; Argentina,
$355,000,000, and Brazil, $330,000,000.
MANPOWER:
Biggest Problem
During 1044, manpower and not
material will constitute the biggest
obstacles to resumption of the pro
duction of civilian goods, the War
Production board's planning and
statistical chief, Stacy May, re
vealed.
Although reductions in certain
munitions programs may reach con
siderable proportions toward the end
of 1944. the question of converting
facilities to the manufacture of civil
ian goods will revolve around the
army’s call for manpower for casu
alty replacements, May said. Be
cause of declines in construction em
ployment and increasing efficiency
in factories, however, more work
ers may be made available for con
sumer goods, May declared.
Sufficient steel, aluminum and
copper probably could be obtained
for civilian production later in the
year, May said, but shortages of
necessary parts or accessories
might form serious bottlenecks.
PACIFIC:
Raid Treasure’llouse
Storehouse for Japanese oil, tin
and rubber, the Dutch East Indies
were hit by British bombers for the
first time in nearly a year and a
half, with docks, warehouses and
shipping left in flames in the north
ern end of the islands.
While the bombers whacked at
this treasure-house of natural re
sources which have fed the Japs'
industrial sinews of war, British and
Indian troops continued their des
perate defense of the Bengal-Assam
railroad in eastern India, feeding
U. S. and Chinese forces hacking
out a supply road to China in north
ern Burma.
In the South Pacific area, U. S.
army and navy bombers teamed up
to plaster the Japs' Caroline islands,
gateway to the inner approaches of
the enemy's principal Asiatic
holdings.
AGRICULTURE:
Machinery
Because of the necessity of step
ping up production of landing barges
and other invasion craft demanding
critical material, farm machinery
output this year may not reach ex
pected levels. War Food Adminis
trator Marvin Jones revealed.
Although too early to make pre
dictions. Jones said, machinery out
put should exceed 1940 figures. None
has been allocated to the United
Nations Relief and Rehabilitation
administration or for export, he
said.
As of April 1, Jones revealed, ma
chinery production totaled 36,000
combines. 9,000 balers, 23,000 side
rakes. 44,000 spreaders, 121,000 trac
tors and 15,000 cornpickers.
Labor
At a time when Selective Service
was tightening up on farm defer
ments. the U. S. department of agri
culture reported that farm workers
as of April 1 totaled 9,080,000, or
about 228,000 less than a year ago.
With a better organized farm la
bor program and seasonal help from
volunteer workers, however, the
USDA expected rural America to
meet this year's expanded food
goals despite the inroads into help.
Although only 2 per cent lower
than April, 1943. the farm labor
supply was 54 per cent of the pre
war average, the USDA declared.
HIGHLIGHTS
• • •
in (he week't newt
PROFITS: The meat packing in
dustry had a net income of only 1.1
per cent on sales in 1943, the lowest
for any major manufacturing indus
try. the American Meat institute re
ports.
BANANA8: Shortage of shipping
between South American and United
States ports is seriously handicap
ping importation of bananas, trade
officials say.
HERO: In a curious case ot a
marine hero, who is also a deserter
from the marines and the army,
First Class Private William B. Mur
phee of Tennessee left the army
after nearly six years of service and
then joined the marines to win the
navy cross as a member of Carl
son's Raiders. Walking away from a
marine hospital, be was later de
tained and held for discipline.
GOP:
Keynoter Named
Selection of Gov. Earl Warren of
California as opening speaker, or
keynoter, at the Republican national
convention in Chicago, June 24, haa
served to modulate the extreme na
tionalist and internationalist ele
ments in the party.
Brawny, 6-foot Governor Warren,
who first jumped into the political
spotlight on the west coast through
his racket-busting, stands by the
GOP’s Mackinac declaration on for
eign policy, stressing international
cooperation with other nations with
out impairing U. S. sovereignty.
Said Warren: "As Republicans,
we must avoid discord that would
interfere with our displacing the
White House palace guard with an
administration more competent to
win the war and solve our postwar
problems, domestic and foreign.”
LEND-LEASE:
Extension Debated
With congress considering exten
sion of lend-lease until June 30, 1945.
debate centered around subjecting
the President's final settlements
with foreign recipients to legislative
scrutiny.
Under terms of the lend-lease
measure, the President had sole
authority to make final settlements,
but in extending the act to 1945. the
house wrote in an amendment which
prohibits him from negotiating final
settlements involving international
committments without congression
al approval.
During the course of house de
bate on the new measure which
was sent to the senate by a 334 to
21 vote, the majority killed Republi
can efforts to compel foreign na
tions to return lend-lease munitions
to the U. S. after the war.
TELEFACT j
OUTPUT PER U. S. WORKER DOUBLET
BETWEEN TWO WORIO WARE
WORLD
WAR I
1917
WORLD
WAR II
1943
Bach aymbnl repreaenta to par
aant af I1»I7 production par worker.
PLAY BALL:
Majors Open
More than 123,000 fans were on
hand to witness the opening of the
1944 major league baseball season,
with the largest crowd of 30,154
watching the Chicago Cubs spank
the Cincinnati Reds, 3 to 0, at
Cincinnati, and the smallest of 4,030
watching the St. Louis Cardinals
blank the Pittsburgh Pirates, 2 to 0,
at St. Louis.
The New York Yankees’ Johnny
Lindell drove out the majors’ first
home run against the Boston Red
Sox to lead his team to a 3 to 0
victory, and the Philadelphia Athlet
ics and Washington Senators played
the first extra inning game, with
the A’s winning in the 12th, 3 to 2,
when Rookie Erwin Hall doubled
home Babe Siebert.
STRIKES:
In U. S., Canada
Strikes at Montgomery Ward and
company and the Ford Motor com
pany of Canada crowded the labor
spotlight.
At Ward’s, the nation's No. 2 mail
order house, the company resumed
shipment of freight and parcel post
after railroad and teamster unions
had tied up deliveries in sympathy
with the CIO’s United Mail Order,
Warehouse and Retail Employees
union, which struck over the firm’s
refusal to extend a bargaining con
tract upon order of the War Labor
board.
About 14,000 employees of the
Ford company’s Canadian plants re
mained idle after a walkout in pro
test over the firm’s discharge of CIO
stewards for investigating members'
grievances during working hours,
and the company’s subsequent can
cellation of the union's contract.
SOLDIERS’ WIVES:
Arrive in U. S.
Anxious to look over their new
homeland, 90 Australian brides or
fiancees of American soldiers ar
rived in the U. S. from "Down
Under,” with one expressing the be
lief that if they got good Irish stew
now and then, they should learn to
get along.
Wife of a marine corporal from
Shinnston, W. Va., Mrs. Doris Jean
Lebash, said: "The American boys
, . . bluntly told some of us, we in
Australia were 10 years behind the
times. They told us we couldn’t
wear American clothes, and that
we’d never see such beautiful girls
as we'd see in this country.”
Australian wives of U. S. soldiers
may apply for citizenship after two
years. Any of their children born
overseas automatically become citi
zens with five years residence under
the U. S. flag.
G. I. BOARD
It is costing the government less
this year to provide "board and
room" for the millions of enlisted
men in the army. Economies have
trimmed the annual expenditure to
an estimated $465.06 this year.
The estimated figures include
$215.35 for food, $173.70 for clothing.
$44.70 for individual equipment (ex
cepting arms and ammunition!, and
$31.31 for barracks equipment. Pro
duction costs on many items sup
plied by contractors have b^en re
duced.
Washington Dipestj
U. S. Farm Expert Gives
Friendly Advice to China
Department of Agriculture Officials Visit
Chinese, Suggest Practical Methods
Of Increasing Food Production.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building
Washington, D. C.
Out in Falls Church, Virginia, a
little way from Washington, there
lives a friend of mine who was
brought up on a farm. Last year,
some new neighbors moved in next
door — city folks, you could tell by
looking at them, but full of pep and
vinegar and very patriotic. They
started out to make a victory gar
den.
My friend could tell by the way
they handled their hoes that before
long, they’d be asking him for ad
vice.
He’s a good neighbor, but he isn’t
nosey. So he Just waited.
Well, it wasn’t long before the
man next door came up, leaned
over the fence, and said: “How is
it your garden is coming along so
good and mine ain’t?”
My friend smiled, and then he
pitched In and told him some of the
facts of plant life.
It isn’t going to benefit my friend
even if his neighbor’s garden is a
record breaker but he’s a typical
American and he’s doing what we
all used to do back in the old days
when neighbor depended on neigh
bor — giving a helping hand when it
is needed.
Last week, I sat down across the
desk from a big, black-haired fel
low, who looks a lot younger than
he is in years and wisdom. His name
is Or. Ralph W. Phillips.
When I talked with him, he had
Just returned from giving a little
neighborly advice over the back
fence to our Chinese neighbors. He’s
in charge of genetics investigations
for the Department of Agriculture
and he was loaned to the State de
partment, along with some 21 other
experts, to go over to China (at the
invitation of the Chinese) to look
around and see what ought to be
done to improve their stock.
For you and me and most Ameri
cans, even those who don’t know
any more about a farm than to think
"shorts” are just underwear, a cow
that doesn’t give milk wouldn’t be
much of a critter. But believe it or
not, one of the results which it is
hoped Dr. Phillips’ trip will achieve
is to explain to the Chinese why
cows have udders.
First-Hand Facts
The Chinese know many things
which we don’t know, but Phillips
has put between the covers of a
book now being printed in China, a
lot of things that the Chinese never
knew before. He got his facts first
hand, traveling over most of the un
occupied parts of China with the
Chinese Minister of Agriculture and
a good interpreter, and collated
them against his own expert knowl
edge of animal husbandry. But as
he said to me, if you know anything
about a cow, a sheep or a horse,
you don’t need an interpreter to tell
you what’s the matter with it.
It was a hot day in Washington
when I interviewed Dr. Phillips and
he had his coat and vest off.
“I’m a shirtsleeve diplomat,’’ he
said to me.
When I learned a little more of
the details of his particular job. I
realized that it was one in which
you had to take off your coat and
roll up your sleeves. Among other
things, he rode several hundred
miles over what the Chinese laugh
ingly call roads, in ancient auto
mobiles, and a good many miles on
the back of a very tough Mongolian
pony.
This friendly, easy-going shirt
sleeve scientist typifies a new order
— he is part of a new, honest effort
(as one member of the State depart
ment said to me) “to establish a
relationship of people to people’’
rather than a relationship of diplo
mat to diplomat, or government to
government.
Dr. Phillips witnessed the effects
of the great migration of the
Chinese government followed by its
universities, its people, its indus
tries. This great movement, en
| forced by the Japanese occupation,
opened up vast territory in western
and northwestern China about which
very little was known and with
which the rulers of China heretofore
have been very little concerned For
the sake of this discussion, China
| can be roughly divided into two
quite different agricultural domains.
In the crowded eastern provinces.
■mall farming and very small farm
ing, Indeed, is the chief activity. In I
the west, there are great grass
lands better adapted to the raising j
of stock.
Animal husbandry in China must
meet one immediate problem, and
that is, increasing and improving
production in the western part of
the country and breeding for re
stocking in the areas which will be
re-occupied when the Japanese are
driven out.
The heavy demands for food by
the American military, to say noth
ing of China’s own soldiers, make it
necessary for the Chinese to in
crease food production to the
utmost. At present, however, Dr.
Phillips reported that except for the
famine areas where drouth or in
sects have affected the crops, the
Chinese people have more food
available than is popularly believed.
But they aren't making the most
of their cows and pigs and chickens.
As to the Chinese cow, about which
Dr. Phillips spoke with great feel
ing, one of the first things to do is
to teach the Chinese peasant that it
gives milk and that milk is a pretty
good food. And then to improve the
breed so that it will give milk. At
present, the cow is a beast of bur
den, a draft animal. However, it
isn't even as good a draft animal
as it could be. It will not be diffi
cult to Improve the breed so that it
will be more efficient as a beast of
burden and as a milk giver at the
same time.
Of course, the Nomadic people
who live on the great plains of
northern China, who live from their
herds, use the milk as food, mostly
dried in the form of casein. They
also store butter. They have the yak
and a hybrid animal, a cross be
tween a yak and a cow, which is
called a "plan-niu.”
The chickens in China aren't
much to crow about either, I take
it, from Dr. Phillips’ description. If
they lay only 50 to 60 eggs a year,
nobody complains. There, too,
breeding from selected types that
China already has would be a great
help.
Dr. Phillips likes the Chinese don
keys and in spite of personal experi
ences on their backs, thinks Mon
golian horses have possibilities.
Very good mules are produced by
crossing the Mongolian mare and
the donkey. But the Mongolian horse
is a little, tough-mouthed, flat-with
ered, crooked-legged animal which
could be greatly improved with
inter-breeding with a good saddle
horse strain.
No Ordered Effort
Dr. Phillips had first-hand experi
ence with these little animals whose
ancestors were tough enough to
carry Ghangis Khan across Asia but
are too tough to follow the bridle if
they get other ideas.
Up until now, there seems to hawe
been no ordered effort by the repre
sentatives of any other foreign coun
try to assist in the improvement of
Chinese livestock. Missionaries here
and there have introduced better
grades which have had an influence
in the immediate vicinity, German
missionaries brought in some nice
fat pigs. Others introduced good
chickens and cows. But these were
only a drop in the bucket.
The Chinese Department of Agri
culture itself is a new thing and has
very little background of training or
experience. Perhaps the one most
important influence has been the ex
change established between Cornell
university and the University in
Nanking. A number of experts in
agriculture have been trained at
Cornell and have gone back to
China.
Naturally with such a large pro
portion of the population illiterate,
it will be exceedingly difficult to
spread the information even when
the Chinese leaders themselves are
trained.
The present Chinese government,
despite the fact that almost every
ounce of energy has to be turned
toward fighting the war, has shown
an interest evidenced by the wel
come reception given the various
American representatives, and the
United States on its side has sought
to improve its relations between
people and extend its influence by
this activity which is a part of the
cultural relations program.
B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage
Premier Hideki Tojo's govern
ment has announced details of a
l countrywide ‘ vacant lots utilization
program” under which the land
along railroad lines and highways,
as well as other available vacant
areas, will be put to use for grow
ing pumpkins and soybeans to help
solve Japan's war food problems.
The plan is quite reminiscent of our
own victory gardens.
Yanks on leave in British restau
rants ask for roast beef, Yorkshire
pudding, flsh-and-chips and home
made scones, while British custom
ers have taken to traditionally j
American dishes such as cheese
with apple pie. and fried chicken
and waffles, the British Information
services report. The war may lead
to an exchange of cooking recipes
as well as an exchange of ideas, i
Federal Researcher*
Aid Food Production
Dept, of Agriculture
Lists Discoveries
Aids to the increased production,
utilization and conservation of food
figure prominently among recent ac
complishments of the U. S. depart
ment of agriculture’s scientific re
search workers. Such developments
are vital to a nation at war, it is
pointed out, with food needs increas
ing and expected to continue to rise.
Food production developments re
ported for 1943:
1. Found that sweet potato meal,
made from dehydrated sweet pota
toes, compares favorably with corn
as a feed for steers.
2. Determined that mowing of
sagebrush encourages the growth of
better species of pasture plants, thus
increasing gains of beef cattle. In
some cases production of beef per
acre was more than doubled.
3. Showed that when hogs are fat
tened to weights beyond 275 pounds,
the rate of gain decreases materi
ally while the feed required per
pound of gain increases.
4. Found that hogs can utilize
■mall amounts of hay, about 5 to 10
per cent, in their rations with bene
fit. Legume hays proved most sat
isfactory.
5. Determined that when laying
hens were fed grain sorghums (yel
low milo and hegari) in a well-bal
anced diet, the sorghums were equal
in value to corn.
6. Established methods for rear
ing calves satisfactorily with less
milk than customary, thus releasing
additional milk for human use.
7. Showed that when cows receive
all the legume hay and silage they
want, they will produce well and
economically on a single-grain ra
tion.
8. Demonstrated the efficacy of
substitutes for scarce insecticides in
controlling the potato leafhopper,
pea weevil, tomato fruitworm, Mexi
can bean beetle, Colorado potato
beetle, and plant bugs that feed on
seed pods of sugar beets.
9. Made available 35 new varieties
of important crop plants developed
by plant breeders.
Ground Hogs’ Hoofs Make
Protein Feed Supplement
Swine hoofs, waste product of
packing plants, can make a good
protein supplement for animal feed
ing when finely ground and mixed
with other protein feeds, Gordon
Newell and C. A. Elvehjem, re
search men at the U. of W., found.
It will probably not be practical
to use hoof powder as the only pro
tein supplement, since apparently it
must be used in large amounts—as
about 30 per cent of the ration—to
get good results in chick rations.
Indications are that hoof powder
“teams” very well with soybean oil
meal, the most popular and econom
ical of present-day supplements.
Neither is a complete protein, each
being low in certain amino acids,
but one helps supply what the other
lacks.
Hoof material is low in histidine,
methionine and tryptophane, since
additional amounts of these amino
acids improved it so as to give good
results when fed as 18 per cent of
the ration.
Powdered hoof obtained thus far
has proved to be a variable product,
some samples being quite unsatis
factory. Evidently methods of pro
cessing it need to be standardized.
Thus far packing houses have not
seen their way clear to prepare pow
dered hoof for the feed market.
They are interested, but the short
age of labor and equipment is a
formidable obstacle in launching
new sidelines at present.
TEiEFACT
MAJOR SOURCES OF SIAIE TAXES (1903)
Each coin represents 50 million dollars
motor vimicii
RUHS
,
SMfS. USI 0«
C»OSS MCElfTS
*OTO« VfKtCU
ANO O^fRATOt
UClNSfS
CORPORATION
t<0*t
MDfVIOUAl
INCOMl
AlCOMCHIC
MvilAGC
SAlKS
‘Aerosol Bomb’ Sprays
New Insecticide
A new type of “bomb” is expected
to revolutionize the spreading of in
secticides. This discovery, called
an aerosol bomb, is a small cylinder
that spreads insecticides under high
pressure. The “aerosol” is made by
dissolving pyrethrum extract and
sesame oil in a liquified refrigerant
known commercially as Freon.
Methyl chloride and other materials
can be substituted for Freon, which
Is scarce.
WOOL
BRUNO OK Mill’ If TO C8,
AN\ QIAMTTI
We buy outright the lot* running under
1000 lb*, each, und make Immediate pay
ment. Lot* of over 1000 I be. we handle on
consignment in accord with the govern
ment roles, we obtain for you foil cell
ing value, make liberal advance payment#
now, and final payment promptly when
the CUT make the settlement to us.
LINCOLN HIDE & FUR CO.
728 Q St. Lincoln, Nebr.
BEAUTY SCHOOL
DON’T BE A SLACKER
B» Independent while the men folks are la
the service. Enroll In Nebraska's oldest
beauty school. Graduates now earning
from $15 to $75 weekly. Wrtte
CALIFORNIA BEAUT* SCHOOL
Omaha, Nebraska
Whits Leghorn Cockerels
K $1.65
No eatch to this, we ship them
PREPAID
MODEL HATGHEBY
Creighton, Missouri
I
7. Guatemala.
8. By way of the Aleutians is
shorter by 1,700 miles.
RE LI EVE Ease and soothe chafe. Form
nr n medicated coat of protection
Del# between Bkin and chafing bed*
AHQPAclothea with Mexaana, the
wUKEdsoothing, medicated powder.
Court Tries Treason
Treason by a U. S. army or navy
man is not tried by a court-mar
tial, but by a U. S. District court.
SNAPPY FACTS
ABOUT
RUBBER
A researcher In things rubber
reported that in 185S the
trade in rubber products ran
between four and five million
dollars annually and the in
dustry employed 10,000
workers. Vulcanization had
been known less than 20
years then.
The extra man-hours required In the
manufacture of heavy tires for mili
tary airplanes, trucks, combat ve
hicles and for civilian trucks, buses
and farm tractors meon that the
major share of the tlre-bullding man
power ond facilities available must
be devoted to this job, in the opinion
of John L Collyer, B. F. Goodrich
president. These are the essential
needs from a current tire standpoint.
first in rubber
. .0 tiM|\UAHD 1
j \ 0\’|V\a BfOJ picture. |
1$ cf the Warner _ mtl0eods *
,tar Iw.rrv B»ond*' .,!! fot teeth \
••Stto«b£l(b Powder tor
Colo* T°0,a
that shine. TOOT*
cMOX"0*01"
Wild Animal Mimics
Tigers and panthers can imitate
the calls of many other animals.
KILLS'*
Many
Insect*
\\
'(r “
Vegetable»
Flowers &
Shrubs
HELP for Your
Victory Garden
SAVE YOUR SCRAP
TO HHP GAIN
ICTORY
Old METAL, RAGS,
RUBBER and PAPER