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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 2, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS_ Army Reduces 1944 Manpower Needs; Red Forces Sever Nazi Rail Lines; Action Spreads in Southwest Pacific; Anti-Subsidy Battle Gains in Scope (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions nr* espressed In Iheso eolomns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) __ Released by Western Newspaper Union. -. Italy—British troops here are shown picking their way through typical ruins of village in savage fighting on the Italian front. Adding to diffi culties were driving rains, which converted many of the small rivers and creeks running through the mountainous country into swirling torrents. With the Nazis entrenched in elaborate concrete fortifications hewed into the rocky terrain, U. S. and British troops moved slowly and cau tiously along the craggy slopes. In the Aegean sea, the Germans pounded the Allied held Dodecanese island of Samos, following their capture of Leros. Previously, they had retaken Kos. Important stepping stones to Greece, these little islands also serve as bases for threatening neutral Turkey to the east. ARMY CUTS SIZE: Draft Change Voted As the house sent the senate a bill calling for the deferment of fathers until all other eligible single and childless married men throughout the nation have been called, it was revealed that the army had decided to cut its manpower needs by 548.000. In addition to the provision put ting fathers at the bottom of the draft lists and postponing their in duction from 30 to 60 days, the house bill also requires occupational defer ments be reviewed by appeal boards within the district where the de ferred person works. A five man medical commission would be es tablished to consider the possibility of lowering physical standards. The 548.000 cut in manpower needs will give the army a total force of 7,652,000 men. It also was revealed that the army had saved over 13 billion dollars out of 127 billion dollars appropriated for its use, with economics of over 10 billion dollars effected by curtail ment of the armament, equipment and airplane programs. RUSSIA: Cut Nazi Railroads Two important railroads in Russia linking German armies of the north with those of the south, and running westward into the big pre-war Polish cities of Warsaw and Lwow, were cut by the Red armies. As the Russian forces severed these major German arteries, Nazi forces launched a strong counterat tack against the Reds in the vicinity of these rail lines, gaining some ground. But here, as further to the south where the Germans claimed 500,000 Russians were hammering them above Krivoi Rog, the Nazi positions still were in a fluid state. To the north, the Reds pecked at the Nazi base of Gomel, serving as the southern anchor of their Baltic line which is hinged on Finland. Ten classes of reservists in the Baltic states have been called to military service by the Nazis. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: Action Spreads With U. S.. forces being strength ened on Bougainville for a major drive against the 40,000 Japs report edly defending their last stronghold in the Solomons, Liberator bombers lashed against the enemy'* tiny Gil bert and Marshall Island posses sions, standing out like pesky little thorns along our supply routes to the battle areas. Warding off Jap blows from the air, U. S. warships moved up Bou gainville’s west coast to pound the enemy’s big airplane base of Buka. Absence of strong elements of the Japanese fleet in the advanced bat tle lone suggested that the enemy was concentrating his formidable naval force on protection of his 1,500 mile sea lane running from Japan proper to the rich islands south. In New Guinea, Australian forces began moving northward from Finschhafen toward the Jap strong holds of Madang and Wewak, from which the enemy’s aerial units have been striking at the Allied bases. FOOD FRONT: Subsidies Hit Agricultural directors from five states joined in the bitter attack Fred Vinson against continuation of the administra tion’s subsidy pro gram even as Eco nomic Stabilization Director Fred Vin son was reportedly considering $9,000, 000 a month subsi dies to millers to prevent an increase in the price of bread. Directors from South Dakota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebras ka and Florida op posed the subsidy program before a senatorial commit tee, with South Dakota’s E. H. Ever son declaring government payments to hold down consumers' prices was the chief source of inflation by creating extra purchasing power out of the money saved buyers. Strong anti - subsidy sentiment which was looked upon to shelve the government's program in both the house and senate, was further agi tated by the proposed plan to pay millers about 14 cents a bushel for wheat to prevent bread price in creases of from one to two cents a pound. Aid Hog Marketing To iron out problems associated with the marketing of the record pig crop, the gov ti ment moved in vo directions. First, Price Administrator Chester Bowles re duced the value of all pork cuts by two ration points; sec ond, War Food Ad ministrator Marvin Jones announced support prices of $13.75 per hundred weight would be Chester Bowlei paid in all markets for good to choice butcher hogs from 2' ., to 270 pounds. Bowles’ action was taken to stim ulate consumption of p-'rk and 100 per cent pork sausage. Lard and sausages made from other meat were not affected. Besides guaranteeing support prices, WFA authorized farmers to slaughter their own hogs without fed eral license and sell to consumers for 90 days. OIL: Seek New W ells With a projected goal of 24,000 new oil wells in 1944, prospects loomed for increased activity in the Rocky Mountain st^es. Of the 24,000 new oil wells, 5,000 are to be exploratory and the re maining 19,000 development proj ects. The immense Powder river basin in the northeastern section of Wyoming and southeastern section of Montana might prove the focal point of operations. Congressional action in reducing royalties on discoveries on public domain to a flat 12.5 per cent for the duration and 10 years afterward furnishes Incentive for action in the Rocky mountain region. HIGHLIGHTS • . . in the week’s news WAR PRODUCTION: The peak demand in war production has been passed. Harry Moulton, president of the Brookings Institute, recently told the American Finance confer ence in Washington. He said that •tocks of raw materials have be come entirely adequate, and even excessive in some cases. More and more cancellations of war goods contracts are coming, he predicted. NEWSPRINT: SU11 further reduc ELECTRIC IRONS: Two million electric flatirons will be manufac tured and sold next year, if the WPB will release materials. Arthur Whiteside, vice chairman of WPB in charge of civilian needs, has re quested that enough metal and other material be allowed to make 500,000 irons in the first quarter of 1944. About three million irons were sold annually, before the war. BOOTLEQ: As the scarcity of NEW SICKNESSES "Jeep Disease" sod "Destroyer Stomach" are the latest army and navy maladies. Because of rough riding in mech anized vehicles, many Doughboys have been afflicted with “Jeep Dis ease," a formation of cyst near the | base of the spine, with aggravations resulting from further jostling. Sometimes, the abnormality Is no more than a pimple. The medics chief problem is to discover which cases are serious enough for sur gery. "Destroyer Stomach" has been | found most frequently in men serv- ; ing In the rough waters of the North Atlantic, and is marked by a form of subacute gastritis due to protract- i ed sea sickness, irregular meals and constant nervous tension. RAILROAD WAGES: In Congress' Lap As congress considered a resolu tion to grant non-operating railroad employees an eight cents an hour wage increase, it was announced railroad employment in mid-October of 1943 was 4 per cent over the same period last year, but still 100,- ' 000 short of needs. Congressional action on the wage increase was sought after the Office of Economic Stabilization refused to sanction the award, instead offering ! lowest paid employees a 10 cents an hour boost and the highest paid 4 cents an hour. In all, the railroads employed 1,367,817 workers in mid-October, ! with critical shortages existing in | the operating departments. Main tenance-of-way and structural clas sifications showed a 3.57 decrease from October of 1942. LAND HOLDINGS: Vast U. o. Ownership While Undersecretary of War Rob ert Patterson announced the war de partment was giving serious study to peacetime disposal of its hold ings of 43,181,183 acres of land, it was revealed the federal govern ment owned 383,600,533 acres. Federal land holdings were equal in size to the combined areas of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, I Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Con necticut, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Caro lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Flor ida, Ohio, Alabama, Kentucky and Indiana. Adding to the federal government’s vast land holdings, the army and navy purchased 15 hot 'Is at a cost of $15,000,000. Some of these hotels have been returned to private own ership, like the Stevens in Chicago, bought for $5,528,101 and sold for $5,251,000. WAGES FOR HOUSEWIVES Declaring housewives are the only category of workers who ai<; denied monetary recognition for their serv ices, a British member of parlia ment has proposed payment of wages to homemakers “who have a full-time job cooking, scrubbing and bear'ng children.” According to British law, family Income is the sole property of the husband, and much ado recently was raised over the regulation when a court upheld one man’s claim to 40 cents a week his wife had saved while taking in roomers over a 17 year period. WORLD RELIEF: Predict Needs Approximately 134 million people in Europe and Asia will be in need of assistance after the war, the Unit ed Nations Relief and Rehabilitation administration estimated. Of this amount, 84 million will be Chinese. To check such epidemics as ty- I phus and tuberculosis that have wracked Poland and France, it was revealed UNRRA will send special units into reconquered areas. Peo ple moving from one section to an other will be funnelled through cen ters for feeding, vaccination and quarantine. Food or supplies shipped into dif ferent countries will be placed in charge of the governments in con trol. Lend-Lease Foods Lend-lease food shipments abroad equal one-eighth of the U. S. supply, the Foreign Economic administra tion revealed. Civilians are receiv ing three-fourths of the production. Figures show that in tjie first nine months of this year, lend-lease food shipments include 3.2 per cent of total milk products; 10.6 per cent of dried eggs; 13.9 per cent of edible oils and fats; and 21.2 per cent of canned fish. Shipments of canned fruits and juices equal 2.S per cent of total supply; dried fruits, 21.1 per cent; canned vegetables, 1 per cent; dried beans 10.3 per cent; dried peas, 14.2 per cent; com and corn products, 0.1 per cent; wheat and wheat prod ucts, 0.9 per cent; and butter, 2.3 per cent. WAR GARDENS: Victory gardeners will be expect ed to raise at least 25 per cent more next year than this, delegates to the National Victory Garden Institute convention resolved. They met in Chicago. Other resolutions ask for an in crease t allowance of about 33 per cent irom the WPB on tools, fer tilizer and insecticides, and for or ders permitting garden clubs to buy 600,000 pressure cookers for can ning. Extra gasoline was asked for people working co-oper ve gardens. International Unity Aided By Moscow Conference Results of Famed Tripartite Meeting Con tinue to Grow; Spirit of Compromise Achieved in Moscow. By BAUKHAGE New$ Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Some weeks before Secretary Hull left for his Mission to Moscow, I interviewed him in his office in the state department. Shortly after he returned, he received a number of us in that same office and gave us an informal talk about his trip. One of the things which impressed me greatly as I heard the secretary in the course of the hour-long meet ing, telling us sidelights on his re markable experience, was the way one word which he had used in his talk with me kept cropping up again and again. It was the word “under standing." He applied it to personal relationships and exchanges be tween the members of the tripartite meeting and to the whole discussion and the decisions which grew out of it. Ii. seemed to be a case of progres sive understanding. In our first conversation, the sec retary, indicating the papers which covered his great desk, said they all dealt with Russia. I did not know then that there was to be a Moscow meeting. And he made the point with considerable emphasis, that there was so much suspicion on the part of persons discussing the Rus sian situation that it was exceeding ly hard to work toward an agree ment. Open Discussion Then, in his talk on his return, he repeated this thought, saying that many people, because of their deep prejudices, had made it hard to bring about an understanding be tween the three nations. He said that when he left for Moscow, he felt that much of the misunderstand ing was due to misinformation which all the parties shared concerning the others. In order to correct that, every effort was made at frank and open discussion and, as a result, questions which had been consid ered most difficult to solve auto matically disappeared. And the secretary pointed out that as the conference progressed many points immediately developed where what might be called the “selfish in terests” of each nation were dis covered to be common interests. He explained how military co-op eration had been achieved as the need for it grew and how, with this development, it became clear that similar co-operation must be estab lished along political and economic lines, especially regarding an in ternational organization to preserve peace. The secretary set off for Moscow under a hail of attack from one sec tion of the press which labeled him "anti-Russian.” If there ever was justice in such a charge, which Mr. Hull emphatically denied, he came back with no such feeling. In fact, he made it clear that he was now convinced that few countries had more in common and less in con flict, especially in the economic field. Unconvinced Although all of the official state ments issued in Moscow and in Lon don and Washington after the dele gates had returned to their respec tive homes, stressed the accomplish ments of the conference, their im portance and the probability of their effect on future negotiations, still there were those who chose to see great gaps yawning and unbridged between the three nations. Of course, only time can tell how thorough the common understanding really is and how far the respective nations will be able to go to hold to b unity of purpose through the stormy times ahead. But there have already been evidences that a spirit of compromise was achieved which did bear actual fruit. This was true in the case of Italy. Some time ago, a magazine article appeared which purported to out line the plan by which the countries liberated from Axis domination would be governed by the successful Allies. Tfie plan was a pretty rigid one, with the AMG (Allied Military Government) seeming to be rooted deeply into the governmental fabric of the liberated nations. There was criticism here to the effect that the United States was taking on the re sponsibility of running the world and it was predicted that there could never be an agreement between three victors, one with a hereditary monarch, Britain; one with a com munistic form of government, Rus sia; and one, a democratic republic, the United States. The test came in Italy. After the parleys at Moscow, the AMG was limited in its functions, taking over only the districts nearest the front. An Allied military commission was formed which is making maximum use of the local native civilian offi cials. Italian Government But what about the government which the Allies would accept as satisfactorily representing the will of the Italian people? Surely Britain would demand that monarchy be given a chance to remain in power. Surely Ru_ v would have no traf fic with kings and would instead de mand a strong left-wing set-up. The supposed American compro mise was a temporary regency, that is, a liberal regent such as Count Carlo Sforza who was in exile from the Fascist regime and who left America shortly after the surrender of Italy. The little son of the crown pHnce would remain the symbolic head of the state. Many said that neither Russia nor Britain would ac cept this suggestion. However, although no definite step has been taken, semi-official sources have indicated that when Rome is recaptured and Marshal Badoglio, now premier, steps out, there will be virtual agreement on the part of the three victor nations on the Amer ican compromise. All that remains will be an agreement on the part of the Italian people. Even if the lat ter is not achieved, there is evi dence enough already of tripartite compromise and unity to seem to confirm the success of the Mission to Moscow. * * m Economic Questions The ways and means committee of the house has only been able to agree on methods of raising one fifth of the money which the govern ment says it is necessary to have to continue the war. Not only has it been unwilling to tax the higher brackets further but it also is afraid to recommend the sales tax be cause that affects the largest group of voters—everybody. Naturally the first thing that a citi zen leaps to defend is his pocket book. The administration has at tempted to lay down as a goal a maximum net income of $25,000 in wartime, perhaps twice as much in peacetime. Now perhaps the Amer ican people don’t want to put any limit whatever on incentive. Never theless, there is always an outcry against the accumulation of wealth and we know that when wealth be comes concentrated, panics result. If the various influences resisting taxation which will bring down their ceiling on incomes succeed in forc ing congress to defeat such laws, and granted the rest of the people ac cept the defeat, democracy is not to blame. The selfish group has won— and it has won, not because con gress wants to please a few voters but because congress has been con vinced that the special interests are represented by a majority of voters —in other words, the majority wins. Another current issue which is very much before congress is the threat to little business. Right now. 70 per cent of the war contracts are | held by about 100 firms. Senator O’Mahoney is proposing a measure which would produce an incentive on the part of the invest ors, that is, those with large capitals to spend, to invest in small rather than large business; that would be done by making taxes on big busi ness so heavy so that the profits re sulting to the investor would not be as large as if he had his money in small business. Small business has to be protect ed, it is admitted, if free enterprise in America is to continue. If any single group or groups manage to convince the elected officials of the country that they can muster enough votes to defeat the people who are responsible for such a tax plan, it is obvious that the majority’s will will be frustrated. There again it goes back to the individual. In dividuals who do not vote destroy the democratic processes by permit ting a minority of the people to be come the majority of the voters. BRIEFS. ..by Baukhage Declaring that the German regime In Austria is opposed by practically everybody, the Swedish n&vspaper Nya Dagligt Allehanda reports that Austrians are now greeting each oth er with the salute "K D F.” a pun on the German expression “Kraft Durch Freude" (“Strength Through Joy”). "K D F,” the paper said, •t&nds for “Kaputt Durch Fuehrer” (“Defeat Through the Fuehrer”). • • • WPB has directed manufacturers of flashlight batteries to distribute approximately 20 per cent of their fourth-quarter production to farmers to assist them in the care of young stock during the winter months. Even under point rationing. Amer ican kitchens will use enough tin cans in one year to provide steel for almost 23,000 medium tank. or 900 destroyers. • • • Castor Beans Furnish Base for Insecticide U. S. Can Grow Needed Poisons, Say Chemists For a number of years the United States has been importing many mil lions of pounds of insecticides and the bases for insecticides from for eign sources, many of which are now cut off by the war, J. Edmund Good, vice president of a chemical company, told members of the Mid American Chemurgic conference and the National Farm Chemurgic council at their joint convention in Cincinnati, recently. Raw materials for the larger part of our food insecticide needs today can be grown right on the nation’s farms, he continued. Probably 90 per cent of those importations upon which we formerly depended can be replaced with products from our own American farms. There is a direct connection between an ade quate domestic supply of insecticides and our domestic crop of castor beans which was recently begun. A newly developed insecticide, commercially called "Spra Kast,” is derived from the castor bean Farm Victory Gardens I TELE FACT I ONE out of every five farms does not have its own vegetable garden. plant, including the stems and leaves. Because of the many uses for castor oil in vital war products, there has not been sufficient quanti ties of castor plants available to manufacture any important quantity of the new spray, Mr. Good said. This situation may improve, he went on, if dehydrated castor bean leaves can be obtained. We know that we will have to have very large ton nages of materials to meet 1944'g demands for the finished product. For example, one of the large cit rus growers in Florida had a crop this year that was much greater and of better quality than last year, and was still better than the previous year’s crop. This is the first year that he used the new insecticide ex clusively. Somewhat similar results were ob tained with potatoes in Maine. Two or three years ago when we began experimenting with the spraying of vegetables, we watched those ex periments very closely. The results obtained in the years 1942 and 1943 satisfy us that the spray will ade quately protect vegetables from the insects that infest them, and will pro duce a better quality of vegeta bles. And remember, Mr. Good em phasized, that no imported materials need be used if castor beans were grown in this country in quantity. All the possibilities of the new in secticide have not been explored and experimental work is going on con tinually. For instance, it has been combined with sulphur or copper and used in commercial applications for control of red spider, purple mite, six-spotted mite, rust mite, melanose and many soft-bodied worms that infest vegetables. It is not claimed that this insecti cide will kill all insects. In some cases it seems to act as a repel lent; in other cases as a contact poison on sucking insects such as aphids, thrips, lice, mealy bugs, leaf hoppers, and red bugs; and controls chewing insects such as beetles, leaf rollers and caterpillars. A few of the many crop insects that have been reported to us as being con trolled are: Beans: Mexican bean beetles, aphids, leaf rollers. Beets: Flea beetles, worms. Cabbage: Imported cabbage worms, cabbage loopers. Cucumbers: Melon aphids, mel on worms, beetles. Potatoes: Aphids, beetles, leaf hoppers, leaf rollers and flea beetles. Spinach: Flea beetles, aphids, cab bage loopers, worms. Tomatoes: Fruit worms, flea beetles. Lettuce: Worms. Peas: Aphids, weevils. The purpose in mentioning these details and properties is not to em phasize one insecticide particularly, Mr. Good said in closing, but to point out that an efllcient insecticide can be made from farm crops grown in the United States for the United States. f Farm Notes Expenditure of a few cents for a vermifuge, such as phenothiazine, for goats, is considered a good in vestment by veterinarians. • • • More than a million pounds of beeswax a year is heeded for use in war products, adhesives, waterproof ing for shells, belts, machinery, and protective covering for fighting Dianes tlncle J^hil\ The older a man gets, the hap pier he is that he wasn’t allowed to have his own way as a boy. Agitators who want to set the world afire usually find the world is like wet wood—it won’t burn. Traveling often takes the con ceit out of a man, but coming home puts twice as much of it in him again. Some men dislike being alone. Perhaps afraid of be ing judged by their company. REGISTERED BOARS Berkshire registered boars by Luhr’s Sew Hope 8th, the sire of 1st and 2nd and Grand Champion gilt, also 1st and 3rd and Grand Champion boar at the Nebraska Berkshire Breeders Association Show and Sale. Kenneth Markussen, Route 1, Fre mont, Nebraska. For Bole: Registered Chester White spring hoars. Smooth, thick, easy feeding kind. LeRoy Larsen, Herman,* Nebraska. ^ AT FIRST m sign of a WJfi Cr?(>66 666 TABLETS. SALVE. NOSE DROPS jmMiBmiA GOOD-TASTING TONIC Good-tasting Scott’s Emulsion contains natural A and D Vitamins often needed to help build stamina and resistance to colds and minor ills. Helps build strong bones and sound teeth, too I Give good tasting Scott’s daily, the year-round! £> Recommended by Many Doctors rfri to w fcl ■ ■w M | B _ ■ w TRY OVERNIGHT CARE FOR MISERABLE COLDS tho way grandma did. She used mutton suet she medicated herself to relieve colds’ coughing and muscle aches. Now mothers just rub on Penetro. Has base containing old reliable mutton suet, with modern scientific medication added. 25c, double supply 35c. Get Penetro. SNAPPY FACTS ABOUT RUBBER Group riding Is a rubber-sav ing procedure which is rapid ly gaining acceptance. The average number of persons per car throughout the coun try prior to July I, 1942, was 2. In six months it jumped to 2.44, and at the beginning of May it had increased to 2.66. The greatest gain has been in rural industrial areas, where the average is now 3.17 per sons per car. Bottled air may be a regular ac cessory In the postwar automobile, making the car owner Indepen dent of roadside stations when emergency tire Inflation Is neces sary. The air bottles, nowused by the Army, can be refilled at any air line. ■ttaflEEmnya How To Relieve Bronchitis Creomulsion relieves promptly be cause it goes right to the seat of the trouble to help loosen and expel germ laden phlegm, and aid nature to soothe and heal raw, tender, In flamed bronchial mucous mem branes. Tell your druggist to sell you a bottle of Creomulsion with the un derstanding you must like the way it quickly allays the cough or you are to have your money back. CREOMULSION for Coughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis