WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS__
Nazis Wreck Northern Italian Ports
To Hamper Future Allied Operations;
United Nations Formulate Relief Plan;
U. S. Issues Current Casualty Figures
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions or* repressed In those columns, they are those of
Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and net necessarily of this newspaper.)
_______________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. . . ■ ■
Allied Pact-Seated around conference table from left to right, U. S.
Secretary of State Cordall Hull; Russian Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav
Molotov, and British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden, sign historic pact
in Moscow, calling for League of Nations to preserve postwar peace.
Said Hull: “We agreed upon a broad, basic program of international
co-operation. The program contemplates the hastening of victory . , ,
the preservation of peace, and the promotion of human welfare .. .”
ITALY:
Destroy Ports
Italy’s northern ports of Leghorn
and Pescara were blocked by Nazi
demolition squads to render them
useless to the Allies for future op
erations, or in the event Gen. Dwight
Eisenhower attempted landings
above Rome to trap elements of five
German divisions holding out in the
mountainous country to the south.
Principal action in Italy centered
on the Fifth army front, where
Lieut. Gen. Mark Clark’s mixed
British and U. S. forces were edg
ing forward at the mountain passes
at Mignano, to gain the long, level
valley leading to Rome.
Once General Clark’s warriors
burst through at Mignano, they still
will have to buck elaborate Nazi
mountain fortresses farther up the
valley at Cassino, which stands some
60 miles from Rome. Because Al
lied troops must clamber up rugged
slopes* in the face of entrenched en
tmyi machine gunners and mortars,
andV. S. artillery must rake whole
mountain sides to clear out Nazi
posts, progress necessarily is slow.
Fit Italy Into War
To get Italy functioning on the
side of the Allies, Gen. Dwight
Eisenhower established a control
commission headed by Maj. Gen.
Kenyon Joyce, formerly of the 9th
service command.
Purpose of the commission will be
to fit the country’s agriculture and
Industry into Allied war plans, and
to regulate Italian governmental ad
ministration.
To prevent any political party
from establishing its hold over the
country through military force, the
commission will control Italy’s re
vived fighting services.
Advising the commission will be
the U. S., British, Russian and
French committee on Mediterranean
affairs, and Greece and Jugoslavia
will be included later.
WORLD RELIEF:
Allied Plans
Assembling in the east room of
the White House, representatives
from 44 United Na
tions signed an
agreement for the
relief and rehabili
tation of Europe,
with each country
providing supplies
to the limit of its
capacity.
Of the 46 million
tons of food, seed,
fuel, clothing, raw
materials, machin
ery and medical
supplies that wil) be
needed for Euro
pean relief during
the six months fol
lowing the war, the
Herbert
Lehman
U. S. will furnish nearly 9 Mi million
tons, Great Britain 3ty million tons,
Europe 29 million tons, and other
regions 4 million tons. Congress will
appropriate the funds for American
participation.
Slated for appointment as direc
tor general of the relief and rehabili
tation administration was former
Governor Herbert Lehman of New
York. Purpose of the administration
is to tide over distressed people of
reconquered areas until they can put
their factories and land back into
production.
CROPS:
W eather Helps
Profiting from favorable weather,
the 1943 com crop was estimated at
3 billion, 85 million bushels by the
department of agriculture on the ba
sis of conditions November 1. This
compared with last year's record
crop of 3 billion, 175 million bush
els.
With October weather good and
without widespread frosts, the large
acreage of late corn reached ma
turity in Iowa, Missouri, northwest
ern Ohio, and parts of Michigan
and Indiana. Checking summer
drouths, rains perked up late com
in the South Central states. Record
yields were in prospect for the
Northwest.
Other crop estimates for 1943:
Wheat, 835,816,000 bushels; oats, 1,
148,692,000; barley, 330,212,000; rye,
33,314,000; flaxseed, 51,486,000; soy
beans, 206,017,000; rice, 69,019,000;
potatoes, 469,092,000; sugar beets, 7,
239,000 tons, and peanuts, 2,681,955,
000 pounds—record highs for rice,
potatoes and peanuts.
Hogs Crowd Markets
Chicago’s sprawling stockyards
teemed with over 60,000 live hogs
after a high three-day shipment of
128,500 head, which compared with
85,552 for the previous week and 66,
418 for the same period of 1942.
As a result, packers paid the
“floor” of $13.75 for only the heavier
weights out of the 200 to 275 pound
range on which the government has
pledged price support. Packers ob
tained many bargains in classes for
which no "floor” has been con
structed.
So called "floor” prices were high
on the flooded market, equalling the
lowest tops since last December
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC:
At Japs' Rear
Pursuing his policy of pinching off
Japanese strongholds in the South
west Pacific by cutting off their com
munications, Gen. Douglas MacAr
thur has established U. S. forces to
the rear of the enemy’s important
forward base of Buin on Bougain
ville island in the Solomons.
With U. S. marines and dough
boys standing astride the Japs’ com
munication lines leading to Buin,
they were in position to strike
against the enemy supplies, and his
main body from the rear.
Bougainville is the Japs’ last im
portant holding in the Solomons, and
apparently they were determined to
take advantage of the wild nature of
the humid, tropical isle for another
long, delaying action.
U. S. CASUALTIES:
Total 120,967
U. S. casualties totaled 120.967 for
almost two years of war. with the
army reporting 89.648, and the navy
31,317.
Of the army casualties, 12,841
were killed, 30,263 wounded. 23,952
missing and 22,592 prisoners. Since
the landing at Salerno, September 9,
the U. S. suffered 8.556 casualties in
Italy, with 1,295 killed. 4,764 wound
ed and 2,497 missing.
Of the navy casual. >es. 12,548 are
dead, 5,542 wounded, 8,999 missing,
and 4,228 prisoners.
Of the nearly 7,700,000 men in the
army, about 2,500,000 men will be
serving abroad by the end of the
year.
HIGHLIGHTS . . . in th e week's news
TIGERS: The Detroit Tigers
baseball club will go to Evansville,
lnd., (or their spring training
period.
COAL: The emergency regula
tions on delivery o( soft coal have
been relaxed. Secretary Ickes an
nounced. As modified, the rules
state that a dealer cannot sell coal
to a customer who has 30 days sup
ply on hand.
RAISE: With the new Increase
allowed by the War Labor board,
test pilot Inspectors will earn about
$410 a month. A $4 an hour bonus
was allowed for this extremely haz
ardous work.
DIAMOND: A 530 carat diamond,
“probably the eighth largest ever
found,” has been dug up in Sierre
Leone, British colony on the west
coast of Africa.
RUSSIA:
Attack Last Railroad
Russia’s last north-south railway
came under the attack of Red troops
as they pressed forward on a 70
mile front west of recaptured Kiev.
As the Russians drove against the
railroad, other forces of their army
continued attacks on Nevel, less
than 50 miles from the Latvian
border in the north, and on Krivoi
Rog in the south.
At Krivoi Rog, the Germans con
tinued to hold open an escape cor
ridor for the last columns of Nazi
forces pulling out of the huge bend
of the Dnieper river, where early
Russian attacks had threatened
them with encirclement.
Crossing into the eastern Crimea
from the Caucasus, strong Russian
forces drew up for a major attack
on the 75,000 German troops report
edly massed in the huge peninsula,
guarding the Black sea. The Nazis
held their ground at the north en
trance to the Crimea.
TIRES:
Continued Shortage
Although production of synthetic
rubber is expected to total Cl8,000
tons in 1944 compared with 233.000
tons this year, only about 30 million
tires will he manufactured to meet
needs of essential users of cars, light
delivery trucks, taxis and farm ve
hicles. Ordinarily, 50 million tires
are made a year.
Tightness in the civilian tire sup
ply will prevail because of military
requirements, scarcity of manpower
to operate fabricating equipment,
reduction in the peace time inven
tory of tires, shortage of rayon cord
for heavy duty tires, and the cut in
crude rubber imports.
To obtain maximum use of pres
ent tires, the rubber manufacturers’
committee counseled drivers to pre
serve their tire carcasses, or bodies,
for recapping by protecting the wall
and not running down treads. Fur
ther, the committee advised low j
speeds, adequate air for tubes, and
proper alignment for wheels and
axles.
Homemade Penicillin
One of medicine’s most precious
cures, magical penicillin, is being
produced at “five
cents a plateful” by
Dr. Julius A. Vogel
in the kitchen of his
Pittsburgh, Pa., res
idence. Properly
equipped, any doctor
can grow his own
supply. Dr. Vogel
says.
Plant physician for
the Jones and Laugh
Dr. Vogel j|n gteej corporation,
Vogel has used his penicillin to
treat external infections, with
complete cures effected In more
than a score of cases.
CHILD DELINQUENCY:
Supervision Needed
During the last year, delinquency
among girls has increased 38 per
cent and among boys 11 per cent,
Katherine Lenroot, chief of the chil
dren’s bureau of the department of
labor, declared.
With 5V4 million women with chil
dren under 14 years of age work
ing, and many fathers in service or
sleeping days, a general weakening
in home supervision is a contribut
ing cause for the delinquency, Miss
Lenroot said. More than one million
more women will be needed in in
dustry this year, she reported.
Other factors of delinquency, Miss
Lenroot asserted, are lack of school
facilities in war-expanded commu
nities, and the increase in child la
bor to live million this year.
“There would be little juvenile de
linquency today if children were
treated as as much of an emergency
as armament production,” Miss
Lenroot concluded.
LEND-LEASE:
British Aid
Up to last June 30, British lend
lease assistance to the U. S. totaled
871 million dollars, of which the ma
jor share consisted in supplying
base facilities, barracks and hos
pitals for American land and air
forces in the United Kingdom. In
complete figures indicated assist
ance to date has topped one billion
dollars.
Not included in the accounting,
the British said, was the cost of
food furnished on the fighting fronts
where no adequate records could be
kept, and the value of information
and experience gained in battle and
relayed to the U. S. army and in
dustry.
The British assistance does not in
clude lend-lease granted the U. S.
by Australia, New Zealand, South
Africa and India, who operate under
separate agreements. On August 25,
President Roosevelt reported U. S.
lend-lease assistance to Britain
alone totaled nearly 4Vi billion dol
lars.
BUILDING
In the first 12 months after the
final armistice there will be five and
a quarter billion dollars spent on
private construction, according to a
survey of the nation’s building
needs. About 8ty billion w'l) be ex
pended annually between 1917 and
1051, the report estimates.
Residential building will reach its
high point before 1950, and dip to
a low in the middle 1950s. Commer
cial, industrial and community build
ings will total over a billion dollars
a year between 1947 and '51.
U. S. Office of Air Safety
Guards Cadets in Training
Accident Statistics Prove Value of Regional
Safety Officers’ Work; Program Has
Three Main Divisions.
By BAUKHAGE
News Analyst and Commentator.
WNU Service, Union Trust Building,
Washington, D. C.
The army air force has been
around the world 134,078 times! That
is what air miles add up to—three
billion, three hundred and fifty-two
million in the fiscal year 1943.
Just how safe is the job of a pilot?
Not the Job where you have to
count on the enemy fighters and the
ack-ack, but the job of learning to
be a pilot.
"Ninety-five out of every hundred
army air force cadets are going
through their flight training program
with no personal injury of any kind,”
says Col. Sam Harris, chief, army
air force office of flying safety.
The office of air safety is the in
stitution which has built safety into
training programs as a highly em
phasized part of the whole regime.
It has three main principles.
Initial Phase
The first is "prevention and in
vestigation," and the keynote here
is experience. The 54 officers who
take care of this end of the work
have a total air experience of 33
years, 318 days in the air. These
men, known as regional safety of
ficers (RSOs) are assigned to each
air force and command in the Unit
ed States.
Here is an example of how the
RSO works. He goes to a certain
field. He meets some cadets who
say they haven’t had any breakfast.
He puts that down in his notes. He
looks the place over, notes a ditch
parallel to a runway. He orders the
ditch filled, talks with the mess of
ficer and has breakfast served ear
lier. Then he tackles the boys
themselves. He gives them a talk
on the importance of instruments.
Three separate moves and the ac
cidents are cut down there.
The second principle is "flight con
trol." Here is where the flight con
trol officer, traffic cop of the air,
comes in. For traffic control is as
important in the air as on the street.
The men of this force offer a
Pilot’s Advisory Counsel. This serv
ice leads pilots through or around
dangerous traffic or weather condi
tions.
Suppose the flight control officer
in the Seattle center knows Lieu
tenant Smith is headed in that di
rection. He also knows that a "cold
front” is moving across his path.
So he radios Smith, tells him to
make for an alternate airport.
No. 3 on the list of safeties is
"safety education.”
Safety Education
Most of the accidents in training
in the United States are due to per
sonnel error—the fault of the human
being, not the weather or the ma
chine. This education comes through
special movies, through manuals,
through cartoons and posters.
Here are some of the slogans that
help:
“Hitler and Hirohito cheer .
when you forget your maps . . .
when you pay no attention to tele
phone wires , . . when you jam on
your brakes . . . when you don't 1
check your gas ..."
Other points are driven home with
a little sardonic humor such as
“when a pilot thinks he’s pretty hot,
he’s usually close to burning.” “To
grow old in the natural way, a pilot
has to use his luck sparingly . .
The first six months of 1943 com
pared with all of 1942, show these
percentages of reduction of acci
dents:
In primary schools 2.3%
In basic schools 5.5%
In advanced schaals 11%
And just see the table for acci
dents as miles flown go up!
1921-30— Miles flown, 155,818,000
accident rate, 2.11.
1943—Miles flown, 3,351,940,000
accident rate, .716.
That's how America is learning
safety in the skyways.
• • •
War Brings Recognition
To Psychiatry
There will be so many changes
after the war that a lot of words
will not even have the same mean
ings. New things and new thinking
will appear and people will have to
learn the new words in order to
think the new thoughts.
Already the war has caused psy
chiatry to be “adequately recog
nized,” according to Dr. Richard
Hutchings, who is the author of "A
psychiatric Word Book” published
by the New York State Department
of Mental Hygiene and now in its
seventh edition.
This is not a book for laymen but
it is exceedingly interesting to scan
its pages just to see how ordinary
words can achieve new meanings as
new thoughts about new things de
velop. The word book is invaluable
to the doctor and many others who
will be more and more concerned
with this important study of inter
personal relations—psychiatry.
Let’s take a layman’s look at the
pages of the little pocket volume.
Starting at the beginning with "a—
an.” Not the simple articles they
look! The definition is not new in
this case but shows the special
meaning the person who reads psy
chiatry must know. The definition
reads:
“Prefixes derived from the Greek
and having the same meaning as
the prefix un- or the suffix -less.
Without; absence of; not. Cf. amen
tia, anosmia.”
That takes us to amentia which
means (1) absence of intellect; (2)
a state of mind bordering on stupor;
(3) feeblemindedness.
You have heard of behavior but
what is behaviorism? It is "the
psychological theory which holds
that correct conclusions in psychol
ogy must rest upon objective study
and interpretation of behavior.”
You have also heard of conver
sion. Here is the psychiatrist’s
meaning of it. "The process by
which an emotional trauma (that is
an emotional ‘wound’) after repres
sion becomes converted into a phys
ical symptom in hysteria.”
Practical Application
If you think that sounds too high
brow, just recall the remark: “He’s
had that squint ever since he saw
that terrible accident.”
There are a lot more interesting
new meanings clear over to the last
word “zoopsia” which you know all
about if you ever saw "Ten Nights
in a Barroom,” the great prohibi
tion play. “Zoopsia” is what we (in
correctly) call ‘‘D.T.’s.” The defini
tion is “a visual hallucination of ani
mals or insects.”
The little book also has an appen
dix <n which there are careful and
more detailed descriptions of the
emotions—anxiety, fear, pride, van
ity, etc., which we now know are
as dangerous to our mental health
when they get out of control as a
flock of flu germs are to our bodily
welfare.
I’ll give you a definition of the
one emotion which is highly impor
tant because when it gets the upper
hand in politics, it can do as much
harm to a form of government as
to an individual.'
“Egoism and egotism are not
synonyms. Egoism is a self-seeking
desire to gain advantages at the ex
pense of the rights, convenience or
possessions of others. It is essen
tially antisocial. Egotism is over
valuation of self, one’s opinions, abil
ity or cleverness and corresponding
undervaluation of others.”
Now, just apply that definition of
egoism to blocs, political parties,
nations and you’ll see why psy
chiatry is important in the new
world. The more people who under
stand it, the more people will under
stand each other
The words in “A Psychiatric Word
Book" are important words.
($1 postpaid from the Hospitals
Press, Mental Hygiene Department,
State of New York, Utica, N. Y.)
• • •
Popular Questions
Here are answers to three ques
tions I was asked most frequently
on a recent trip to the Middle West:
(1) When will the war be over?
I don’t know. I wouldn’t be sur
prised if Germany cracked inside
this winter. At least another year
to clean up Japan.
(2) What about international co
operation afterward?
I don’t know. The feeling I get
in Washington is that there will be
an honest attempt to form an inter
national league, just as it is suggest
ed in the Moscow conference.
(3) Will President Roosevelt run
for a Fourth Term?
I doubt if even he knows that
either. He probably will unless the
war is done and over.
B R I E F S . . • *>y Baukhage
About 90 per cent of Maine’s po
tatoes are grown In a single county
—Aroostook—in the northernmost
part of the state.
* • *
When Maxwell Anderson’s play,
"The Eve of St. Mark,” opened in
Stockholm recently, it received the
best Swedish reviews for years, ac
cording to an article in the Afton
bladet, as reported to the OWI.
The A. F. Davis Welding Library
has been established at Ohio State
university, Columbus, Ohio.
• • •
One of the favorite jokes of Ger
mans in oft-bombed regions is:
"During last night s raid on west
ern Germany, 69 bombers were shot
down. One of our fighters failed to
return. One of our towns is miss
ing."
Adjusting Carburetor,
Plugs, Saves Gasoline
Tractor Engines Should
Run at Top Efficiency
With the gasoline situation becom
ing increasingly serious due to de
mands for gas for combat uses,
farmers are being asked by the War
Food administration to cut their use
of tractor fuel to a minimum.
While this request may seem ex
treme to farmers who have had their
tractors stranded now and then by
dried-up fuel tanks, W. C. Krueger,
extension agricultural engineer at
Rutgers university, points out that
many tractors could be operated on
15 to 25 per cent less fuel through
correct carburetor adjustment, lu
brication, and proper setting of
spark plugs and magneto.
He emphasizes that when it takes
100 to 180 gallons of fuel to plow a
40-acre field, 40 to 80 gallons to disc
that field, 60 to 80 to haul a grain
drill over it and 30 to 50 gallons to
harrow it, a 25 per cent reduction in
fuel becomes important.
Krueger offers the following sug
gestions for improving tractor effi
ciency:
1. It is a common error to believe
that the leaner the mixture the less
the fuel used. Too lean a mixture
wastes fuel, causes over-heating, in
vites valve trouble. Best fuel econ
omy results from setting carburetor
at a compromise between too lean
a mixture for idling and a slightly
rich mixture representing maximum
power adjustment. This setting can
only be determined by trial under
load.
2. Magneto timing is often respon
sible for over-heating and uneconom
ical operation. Since the method of
setting varies with the tractor, fol
low the instruction book closely.
3. Set spark plug and magneto
point gaps to recommended clear
ance occasionally. Put in new plugs
when electrodes become worn.
4. Check valve tappets two or
three times a season. Improper
clearance ruins more valves than
all other causes put together.
5. Never shut off a tractor imme
diately after running at full load.
Valve warping is often caused by
not letting the engine idle a short
time before stopping so that the
valves may cool gradually.
6. Operate the tractor at full load
as much of the time as possible. It
costs nearly as much to operate a
tractor at half load as it does at
full load. Maximum draw-bar ef
ficiency occurs when the load is
heavy enough to cause wheel slip
page in field operations approxi
mately 10 per cent.
BLACK SHEEP—There’s one in
every 2,000 head, say ranchers.
This is the dark kid in a huge flock
of Canadian sheep in the province
of Alberta.
Corrugated Siding Is Made
Of Felt Composition
A wartime substitute for corrugat
ed sheet steel is a newly developed
composite material that may be
used in practically all construction
where steel was formerly employed.
This siding, which is corrugated like
steel sheets, is made of two sheets
of heavy felt, each saturated with a
resino - bituminous compound, and
laminated together with a high melt
ing point adhesive. Its light weight
is an advantage for farm buildings.
Under tests conducted by the Celotex
corporation, manufacturers, this
product has proved satisfactory in
withstanding heat, cold and mois
ture. TTie corrugations do not flatten
out under effects of weathering.
A non-critical, emergency materi
al, this corrugated siding is available
in any quantity now, and can be,
used for building or remodeling.
Wasps Defeat Moths
Oriental fruit moths, a serious
scourge to Michigan peaches, are
being combatted effectively by a spe
cies of small wasp, called Macrocen
trus. These wasps are being re
! leased in the orchards at the rate
of 50,000 a year. The Michigan
State college and the department of
agriculture collaborated to find this
i insect enemy of the moths, and tc
breed it in large numbers. The fruit
moths are a recent pest, having
come in about 10 years ago
Morning Glories to
Brighten Bathroom
! T'HE Heavenly Blue morning
i glories bloom indoors the year
around in this bathroom. The
thought of such morning cheer
should prompt a man to get out
: his key hole saw and cut out
\ej
BLUE AND WHITE CABBIE T
WITH CUT-OUT BC ALL OPS
BLUE HORNING GLORIES IN APPLIQUE «
; _DESIGN FOR CURTAINS A NO TOWELS
WATCHMAKER WANTED
WATCHMAKER — Dependable, capable,
neat appearance, steady lob, pleasant
working conditions—state age, refer
ences In first letter. Salary $10 to $71
• week, according to ability. Draft
exempt. Write "K’\ Care-of ZALES,
1507 Earn am Street, Omaha, Nebraska.
ElSWMH|liPp|l07ll i
Write for
BOOKLET—or free HOME TEST
727 Worlil-Herald Bldg., Omnha
Axa Baying Goose Quills; also strip feath
ers reasonable prices. Crocheting, quilting
and other hand work done cheap. Lovely
paatry brushes for sale. Write for prices.
Mrs. Emma Kucera, Wilber, Nebraska.
COLDS’ COUGHING
—in grandma’s day was often treated
with medicated mutton suet to relieve
colds’ coughing and muscle achee. Now
mothers just rub on Penetro. Modern
medication in a base containing old fash
ioned mutton suet. Penetro works 2 ways
(1) Vaporizes (2) Stimulates circulation
where rubbed on. Stainless. Get Penetro.
Signaling Pistol
The Very pistol, used for signal
ing at sea, throws off light with
the intensity of 20,000 candiepower.
Acid Indigestion
Relieved In 5 minutes or double money back
When excess stomach acid causes painful, suffocat
ing gas. sour stomach and heartburn, doctors usually
prescribe the fastest-acting medicines known for
symptomatic relief—medicines like those In Hell-ana
Tablets. No laxative. Bell-ans brings comfort in a
jiffy or double your money back on return of bottle
to us. 25c at all druggists.
> YOU WOMEN WHO SUFFER FROM v
fHOr RASHS]
weak, nervous, cranky feelings, are
a bit blue at times—due to the
functional "middle-age” period
peculiar to women—try Lydia E.
Pinkham’s Vegetable Compound
to relieve such symptoms. Taken
regularly—Pinkham’s Compound
helps build up resistance against
such distress. It helps nature!
Also a fine stomachic tonic. Fol
low label directions.
LYDIA L PINKHAM’S
Mourning Koreans
Natives in mourning in Korea
wear a hat which covers their
heads to their shoulders.
Relieve Misery of
COLDS'
Put 3-purposo Vicks
Va-tro-nol up each
nostril. It (1) shrinks
swollen membranes,
(2) soothes irritation,
(3) helps clear cold
clogged nose. Follow
t&m
VICKS
far VA1BQMCI
Invest in Liberty
ft ft Buy War
•••BECAUSE IT’S RICH
IN VITAL ELEMENTS*
Good-tasting Scott’s Emulsion helps
build strong bones, sound teeth, and
stamina; helps build resistance to colds.
It’s rich in natural A St D Vitamins* that
may be lacking in the diet. And—it’s 4
times easier to digest than plain cod liver
oil! So give it daily. Buy at all druggists I
-Jh Recommended by Many Doctors
