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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 18, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Allied Drive Through Italy Is Slowed By Hard Fighting and Stout Defenses; U. S. Campaign for Rabaul Threatens Entire Jap Southwest Pacific Position (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinion, are repressed in these columns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union'* news analysts and not necessarily ol this newspaper.) _________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. . Attention in the South Pacific la focused on the great Jap naval base of Rabaul on New Britain Island, which U. S. air forces have pounded from New Guinea on the west and the Solomons on the east. ITALY: Fight for Main Road With their artillery commanding the mountain heights, German troops fought doggedly to seal off a pass leading into the long, level corridor to Rome. Complicating the Fifth army’s task to break through, was steady .rain, which muddied the country. A succession of German counterat tacks were designed to disturb U. S. and British groupings for concen trated assaults against Nazi posts. To the east, the British Eighth army picked its way slowly over the mountainous central sector, with strong German armored formations holding it off on the flat coastal stretches of the Adriatic. Shipping Gains As a result of Italy’s surrender, the Allies have come into control of 170,000 tons of merchant ship ping and 149 warships, besides many smaller craft. Adding to this trip-hammer blow against the Axis sea strength, was the destruction of 527,000 tons of en emy shipping in the Mediterranean, mostly by submarines. While the enemy was being lam basted, 22,526,485 tons of Allied mer chant shipping reached North Afri can ports, including Casablanca. Losses in action totaled 1ft per cent of the total tonnage. AGRICULTURE: Less Cotton On the basis of conditions prevail* lng November 1, the department of agriculture estimated a 1943 cotton crop of 11,442,000 bales of 500 pounds each, compared with 12,824,000 bales last year, and a 10-year aver age of 12,474,000 bales. Yield per acre was set at 253.4 pounds of lint cotton. The average last year was 272.5 pounds, and for 10 years, 217.0 pounds. For Texas the 1943 crop was esti mated at 2,825,000 bales; Mississippi, I, 820,000; Arkansas, 1,090,000; Ala bama, 950,000; Georgia, 845,000; Louisiana, 745,000; South Carolina. 700,000; North Carolina. 610,000; Tennessee, 500,000; Oklahoma, 375, 000; California, 360,000; Missouri, 305,000; Arizona, 141,000; New Mex ico. 116,000; Virginia. 25,000; and Florida. 16,000. As of November 1, 9,061,252 run ning bales of cotton of this year's growth had been ginned. U. S. Fat Supplies About 44 pounds of fats and oils will be available for civilians dur ing the next year, compared with 47 pounds in 1943, the War Food admin istration announced in revealing that total U. S. needs will approximate II, 700,000,000 pounds. Of this vast amount, the U. S. will produce 11,300.000,000 pounds, or 90 per cent of the total, and 1,100,000,000 pounds will be imported. Of the 8,000,000,000 pounds allo cated for food, civilians will get 70 per cent of the supply, while the army will receive 9 per cent. The remaining 21 per cent will be divid ed between exports, lend-lease and requirements for feeding liberated countries. Industrial users will be allotted 3,600.000,000 pounds, with 2,100,000, 000 pounds going into soap and gly cerine production. About 600,000.000 pounds will be allocated for civilian and military paints, varnishes, lino leums, oil-cloth and other coated fab rics. The remainder will be used for lubricants, printing inks, leather and textile processing. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: Focal Point Two years ago Johnny Doughboy never heard of Rabaul. Today, this great port on New Britain island is the focal point of the U. S. drive in the Southwest Pacific, with hundreds of bombers soaring over it to dump tons of ex plosives on the ships lying in its waters and the planes parked on its many airdromes. With Rabaul lost, the Japs might as well pull up their stakes in the area to the northeast of Australia. Today, not only does it block any general move the U. S. might make northward to the Philippines and Japan, but it also acts as feeder point for barges supplying New Guinea and the Solomons. Using such barges which can car ry from 35 to 150 troops, the Japs reinforced their embattled forces on Bougainville island, their last strong hold in the Solomons from which U. S. Doughboys fought to expel them. HITLER: *Fight to Finish’ Declaring that "the last battle will bring the decision, and it will be won by the people with the greatest persistency," Adolf Hitler broadcast to the world Germany’s resolution never to give in at the 11th hour. But speaking in London one day lat er, Prime Minister Winston Churchill said Germany was doomed to defeat in 1944, in a campaign that will be the most severe and costly in life experienced by the Allies. Adolf HiUer In 1918. Hitler said: “Germany’s final collapse was due less to force of arms than to destructive propaganda . . . The people were simple . . . The leaders were weaklings . . Claiming that Nazi war production had risen de spite persistent bombings, Hitler said civilians suffered most from Al lied air raids, but vengeance would be wreaked on England. “. . . We cannot reach America . . .’’he said. Because of their disturbing effect on enemy morale, Allied bombings are one of the prime forces against Hitler's regime, Churchill said. "The back of the U-boat campaign has been broken," he asserted. WORLD RELIEF: Planned by Allies To rebuild shattered Europe after the war and relieve the privations of its people, 44 United Nations signed an agreement establishing an organization to conduct the work. Supplies needed for the undertak ing will be contributed by participat ing nations, and of the 46 million tons of food, seed, fuel, clothing, raw materials, machinery and med ical items that will be required dur ing the first six months after the war, the U. S. will furnish 9V4 mil lion tons. Great Britain 3t4 million, Europe 29 million and other regions, 4 million. Money required for U. S. partici pation must be appropriated by con gress. Plans call for putting the distressed people back on their feet, then gradually withdrawing support as they restore their own economy to the prewar levels. PEACE SCARE: Stocks, bonds and commodities broke on rumors of peace with Germany. Shares on the New York market fell from one to ten points before rallying. Low grade bonds dropped sharply. Wheat went down two cents a bushel, wool two to three cents, cotton $1.35 a bale. Two billion dollars of “paper valuation'’ were lost in the sharp decline. POST OFFICE: Revenues of the postal department have passed the one billion dollars a year mark for the first time in history. For the 12 months ending September 30, total income was $1,006,000,000, Post master General Walker reveals. Expenditures totaled $994,000,000. leaving' a surplus of $12,000,000. The period is neither a regular fiscal nor a calendar year. LABOR: Lewis Sets Example John L. Lewis' success in obtain* ing a daily wage Increase of $1.50 for his United Mine Workers seem ingly has shaken other labor leaders from their reluctant compliance with the administration’s ’’Little Steel Formula” for holding pay boosts to within 15 per cent of 1941 levels. Representing 900,000 members, the executive committee of the CIO’s United Steel Workers decided to de mand higher wages, with the ex act extent yet to be determined. It was in awarding the steel workers a raise of 44 cents daily two years ago, that the War Labor board de veloped its hotly contested wage for mula. While the steel workers made their move, spokesmen for 1,100,000 non-operating railroad union em ployees rejected the government’s offer of graduated pay increases ranging from 10 cents an hour for all wages less than 47 cents an hour, to 4 cents an hour for wages of 97 cents and over per hour. Oppose Workers' Draft Solution of manpower shortages in different areas through co-operative efforts of labor-management-agricul ture committees instead of draft legislation, was recommended by union, business and farm leaders in a special report to War Man power Commissioner Paul V. Mc Nutt. To get community programs op erating, it was recommended: 1. There be surveys of manpower sup plies: 2. Determination of local ur gency for products and services: 3. Surveys of needs of employers; 4. Controlled flow of available man power to shortage areas. The report stated that large num bers of workers have yet to be trans ferred to essential industry. Longer working hours in some instances, and increased recruitment of wom en workers, also were suggested. Intent on flying, Emil Guse and John Gander were sworn Into the army air corps at Hamilton, Mont. • • • RUSSIA: Near Europe On the northern front, Russian troops stood within 20 miles of the old Polish border, while it was re ported that the Germans were mo bilizing all able-bodied men in Estonia and Latvia to help in a last ditch fight for these states command ing the Baltic sea route. To the west of fallen Kiev, the Reds moved on the last railroad linking German armies in the north with those to the south. On the southern front, German forces still held their ground at Krl voi Rog and Nikopol, guarding their general retreat from the big Dnieper river bulge. Near the mouth of the Dnieper on the Black sea, the Reds were only about 100 miles from Rumania. . Some 75,000 Nazi troops holding the strategic Crimea peninsula which guards the Black sea routes, tried to reduce Russian concentra tions on its eastern shore. CIVILIAN GOODS: More Forks, Spoons To extend the life of flatware, the War Production board has author ized the release of small quantities of nickel for plating under silver and chrome knives, forks and spoons. At the same time, WPB allowed pur chase of alloy steel from distressed stocks for use in manufacturing restaurant and institutional flatware. To bolster dwindling stocks of in fants’ and children’s hosiery and un derwear, the WPB granted priori ties on necessary yarns for produc tion of such goods. Priorities will cover cotton knit ting yarns for use in making infants’ ribbed hose, sizes 3 to 5^; infants’ half socks and anklets, 3 to 6Vi; children’s half socks, 5 to 7ti, and % and % hose to 9Vi; boys’ crew and slack socks, 7 to 11 Vi, and boys’ golf hose, 7 to 11 Vi. Having evidently collided with a lightning flash, 300 wild geese fell from the sky near Galena, Mo. • • • DEMOBILIZATION: British Plans Release of soldiers only when em ployment is available is being studied by the British government, along with plans for holding work ers in war jobs until conversion to civilian production is completed. To assure new industries of ade quate labor supplies, the government is considering controlling employ ment, so as to prevent any rush into old. established lines. The government's present inten tion is to start demobilization as soon as the European f jhting ends, but it recognizes that many troops will be needed for occupation of the continent, and many more will be shifted to the Pacific for the war against Japan. BALL PLAYER Spurgeon Ferdinand (“Spud") Chandler, Yankee pitcher, was named most valuable player in the American league by the Baseball Writers’ association. He won 20 games and dropped four during the season. In the series, he pitched the first and last games, winning both. Previously, the association had voted Stan Musial, Cardinal, most valuable man in the National league, and Walker Cooper, teammate, sec ond. Government Asks Reports On U. S. Holdings Abroad Form TFR-500 Supplies Valuable Informa tion Concerning American Stake in For eign Lands, Aids Reconstruction. _ By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WN'U Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. When Paratrooper Jones landed "plop” in the midst of a field he had never heard of in a country he had only read about in books, he was able to lead his comrades direct to a certain building whose purpose, importance, construction and con tents, almost down to the last nut and bolt, were all known in detail by the American high command. Paratrooper Jones knew just where to get to the point he wanted to leave his dynamite and General Smith, at the headquarters, knew exactly the damage that would result to the enemy when that dynamite went off. Neither would have had that in formation if a worried banker in Bingville, U. S. A., hadn’t painstak ingly filled out Form TFR-500 which the treasury department had sent him. The information asked for con cerned American investments in for eign lands, and the information the government got back made it pos sible for it to get the detailed blue prints of the factory that Jones blew up from the American firm which had built it and, in this case, the construction engineer who had bossed the job. The function of these annoying TRF-500’s which have already locat ed American investments in 102 countries, the largest single one of which is seven million dollars and the smallest forty dollars, serves other exceedingly useful, if not as dramatic, purposes. Other Functions One government official pointed out to me another important func tion this information plays in non military wartime activities. He said: “The more complete information the government has on the total American stake abroad, the more successful will be the efforts of our forces on the fighting fronts, the more quickly will the Allied Mili tary Government be able to restore civilian activities in reoccupied areas, the better equipped our repre sentatives will be to safeguard the interests of the American people during the peace table discussions, and the sounder will be the working out of postwar policies in the field of international economic relation ships. “This survey of American invest ments abroad is an instrument of vital importance to the future of this country. Most other world powers have long since collected similar in formation. They not only know the holdings of their own nationals all over the world, but their relations with those of other countries. Their plans are well formulated to protect and develop these investments. Our government believes we should not be less well informed." This official had a particular rea son in discussing this situation with me. First, he wanted to stimulate the people who had received Form TFR 500 in giving as complete a report as possible. Second, he desired wide publicity in the hope that other American citi zens, individuals, corporations, exec utives of estates, trustees of charita ble organizations who might be able to furnish the information desired, would get in touch with the treasury department and turn it over to the government. Rehabilitation Aside from its value to military men, the facts are exceedingly im portant to the Allied officials who are administering rehabilitation in occupied countries. If they know about a plant that has certain pro duction facilities or trained people who can be used in producing what they desire, it greatly helps their work. It has proved in Sicily, and will prove in Italy, of great value to the Allied administrators to get in formation concerning the citizens so that they can pick those who are of known non-Fascist leanings to co operate with them. The information also, of course, is exceedingly valuable to many of the government departments. Claims for Damage Another thing that the state de partment is called upon to do is to assist citizens in getting back their property in countries that have been affected by the war. Also there is the question of claims for damage to American property. There are more than 100 people in the state department alone who are now working on postwar plans. One of the most important phases of this work is the reopening of trade with the war areas as well as the rest of the world. Of course, the terms un der which the trade is reopened may depend on the industrial possibilities of the various areas; and how soon the controls of foreign exchange can be dropped will depend, in a large part, on the extent of the U. S. and other foreign holdings of the obliga tions of the country in question. All this will affect our exporters here as well as American interests in foreign countries. The treasury department, as you know, has drawn up the White plan for international stabilization; the British government has the Keynes plan. None of these projects, treasury officials said to me, which vitally af fect the postwar movements of trade and capital, can be intelligibly planned and certainly cannot be put into effect without adequate knowl edge of the value and type of United States interests and the number and character of the persons having those interests. Many other important business negotiations such as private loans to foreign countries, direct invest ments by American corporations, furthering the good neighbor policy, will be affected by the informa tion in the government’s hands. For instance, if the government can say definitely that in a certain area there is very little capital invested in a certain type of enterprise and it is known such an enterprise might be enlarged there, the government might be able to encourage com panies with foreign experience to develop such an enterprise. m m * The Moscow Conference Washington correspondents for the press associations and some of the country’s metropolitan dailies as well as the network broadcasters lived on needles and pins for more than a day and a half before the news of the agreements reached at Moscow were released. There have been many bad leak ages in advance of important inter national events recently. The state department, the Office of War In formation and the Office of Censor ship have done their best to protect American newspapers and radio against these violations of prema ture release of important stories involving foreign countries. The leaks usually have come through foreign officials who whisper a few hints to some of their news men friends. They also sometimes occur when news dispatches, radioed in advance for later release, are picked up by the enemy or are di vulged in neutral countries. Every effort was made to prevent such leaks in connection with the Moscow conference. The question of safety of the lives of British and American negotiators was involved. It was feared that if the fact that the conference was over was pub licly revealed, the enemy might be on the watch to shoot down the planes carrying Secretary of State Hull and British Foreign Minister Eden and their parties. Some of us who were affected, learned on the Saturday before the Monday of their official release that copies of the agreements had reached the state department earli er. We had guessed as much since the President commented on the success of the agreement the day before in his press and radio con ference. We were told we would receive copies as far in advance as possible which meant that someone representing the various news agen cies and networks had to be on duty day and night. Finally, the word 1 came Monday morning that the mes sages were available and they were given out at ten o'clock for release at one o’clock. We, therefore, had three hours in which to digest the five separate documents. Fortunately for me, the one o’clock release made it possible for me to report the story a minute and 19 seconds after it was given out on my one o’clock network broadcast. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage More than lO.OOO.OOO servicemen per year visit USO clubs in this hemisphere outside continental Unit ed States. • • • According to the Swiss newspaper Journal de Geneve, cigarette butts are at a premium in Berlin and an increasing number of persons may be seen collecting them on the ■treet. i Five hundred Cuban youths are fighting in the armies of the United Nations, according to General Beni tez Valdes, special Cuban delegate to Mexico. Ten thousand Mexicans are fighting in the U. S. army. • • • Fourteen and 15-year-old school boys are being used to man anti aircraft defenses in Germany, it is said. Fertilizing Soybeans In Rotation Studied When, How Is Question Before Agronomists How and when to fertilize soy beans in the rotation is a question that faces hundreds of thousands of American farmers, since the war’s demands have so greatly increased the production of this crop. Agronomists at the Purdue univer sity agricultural experiment station are seeking the answer to this ques tion in a series of experiments that are expected to produce some in teresting results. One of these tests, conducted by R. R. Mulvey, designed to reveal the best place in the rotation to sup ply supplemental fertilizer to meet requirements for higher crop pro duction, is being conducted on three blocks of land comprising fO plots each on the university’s soils and crops farm. The present rotation is com, soy beans and wheat, with sweet clover seeded in the wheat as an intercrop. Before the present experiment was laid out, the land had been in a ro tation of com, wheat and clover for 25 years. All crops had been re moved yearly from all plots. On six of the plots to which six tons of manure had been added annually, the corn yield had averaged 56.5 bushels per acre. On four of the plots which had received no treat ment, the corn crop averaged 43.5 bushels. Thus the contrasting plots represent two levels of productivity —one of medium and the other of low productivity. In the current tests, corn on' all plots received 100 pounds per acre of 0-12-12 fertilizer near the hill at planting time. Wheat is fertilized with 300 pounds of 3-12-12 at seeding time and is top-dressed with 20 pounds of nitrogen the latter part of March. Because of adequate ferti lization of both corn and wheat the intercrop of sweet clover is to be relied on for nitrogen. But when ever the clover fails, 80 pounds of nitrogen will be plowed under on all plots. In addition to the foregoing basic tests, variations of treatment are being tried on particular plots. For instance, 400 pounds of 0-10-20 is ap plied via the plow sole for corn, on two plots where the soil is of a me dium productivity level. Similar treatments are applied for soybeans on three additional plots—four hun dred pounds of 0-10-20 is top-dressed on wheat in March on two plots—one on low level productivity soil and the other on medium level. When harvests are completed yearly on the various plots and yield results under the different fertilizer treatments are compared, it is ex pected that some interesting infor mation will be forthcoming on the most effective means of applying supplemental fertilizer in the rota tion. Electricity on Farms TELEFACT OUR FARM HOUSES OUT Of EVERY SEVEN fARM MOUSES I ) NtfO MAJOB «tPA*i [ s HAVt NO GAS oa IUCTWCTV Hormone Sprays Help Apples Mature on Tree Not only do hormone sprays cause apples to remain on the tree until they mature to a higher color and greater size, but they also cut labor needs because the picking period can be extended and fewer helpers will be required. V. W. Kelley, extension horticul turist, University of Illinois college of agriculture, states that recent tests with harvest or hormone sprays have proved effective on De licious, Golden Delicious, Jonathan, Stayman, Winesap and Duchess ap ples. Growers have reported good results with several other varieties. Sprays usually become effective two or three days after application and remain for two weeks or more, he says. If possible, application should not be made too early—pref erably when the apples start to drop. Concentrations recommended by the manufacturer of the particular spray should be used and a thor ough application is necessary, since the spray must wet the stems of the fruit in order to be effective. “However, harvest of Delicious apples should not be delayed too long, because the fruit will become mealy,” he warns. Rural Briefs Save and store every ounce of feed possible this year in the form of hay, silage, root crops, grain, and meals, suggest livestock specialists. • • • • For safe storing of a large part of the foods dehydrated commercially or in the home, the container musl resist passage of moisture vapor Moisture-proof cellophane is excel lent. CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT j FEATHERS WANTED — FEATHERS WANTED, NEW OR OLD Ship or write to Sterling Feather Company. *09 N. Broadway, 8t. Louie, MlssoarL Nurses Training School MAKE UP TO UM3S WEEK as a trained practical Nurse! Learn quickly at home. Booklet free. CHICAGO SCHOOL OF NURSING, Dept. CW4. Chicago. Live Stock Commission BYERS BROS & CO. A Real Live Stock Com. Firm At the Omaha Market FEATHERS WANTED WANTED: GOOSE. DUCK, PHEASANT I body feathers and quills. We also buy dressed geese and ducks. Send to FARMERS’ STORE . Mitchell. S. D. TIRES TIRES —ALL SIZES Grade I. II, III Permits WRITE KING TIRE CO. 414 I. 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