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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 30, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Italy’s Unconditional Surrender Marks Real Beginning of the End’ for Axis; GOP Outlines Foreign Relations Plank; Reds Recapture Ukraine Farm Lands (EDITOR’S NOTE: When opinions are espressed In these colnmns, they are those of Western Newspaper Union’s news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.! __ Released by Western Newspaper Union. .... ITALY SURRENDERS: One Down. Two to Go Five days after British and Cana dian troops stormed across the Mes sina straits to land on the Italian mainland. Italy surrendered uncon ditionally to Gen. Dwight Eisen hower. When Marshal Pietro Badoglio s government gave up, it marked the first split in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. First indications of the Italian collapse came with the ouster of Benito Mussolini. Left to hold Hitler’s vaunted Euro pean fortress were German troops, themselves engaged in a major re treat in Russia, and the Nazis smaller Balkan allies. While capitu lation of Italy exposed central Europe to heavy bomber attack, the Alpine district presented a formida ble obstacle to an Allied ground ad vance into southern Germany. Hundreds of thousands of her troops killed or captured In North Africa; her elaborate railroad sys tem torn to shreds; her fair cities smouldering in ruin, and lacking the natural resources to carry on war, Italy sought the easiest way out of the conflict. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: Isolate Japs Australian troops were hacking their way through Jungle brush to the northwest of _ Lae, New Guinea, when a cloud of American planes appeared over head. The next | moment the sky was filled with tiny white puffs marking out Al lied paratroopers floating to earth to assist in the encirclement of 20,000 Jap sol diers. 0 Gen. George Blarney Previously. Australian units under Gen. George Blarney surprised the Japs by landing In force to the east of Lae. Moving quickly, they ad vanced on the big enemy base even while the Aussies and U. S. para troopers were sealing off Lae to the northwest. General MacArthur's trigger ac tion not only cut off the Lae garri son from reinforcement from the north, but it also was designed to choke off stubborn Jap troops re sisting an Allied advance before Salamaua, farther to the southeast. HEALTH: Holding Up Well Civilians are maintaining a better level of health than federal authori ties expected, despite food rationing, longer work hours, and fewer doc tors and nurses available, the Of fice of War Information reports. While mortality and sickness rates •re slightly higher, the statement comments that the rise is not more t|)an could be anticipated, consid ering Wartime strain. The only serious epidemic condi tion is the increase in infantile paralysis (poliomyelitis) and spinal meningitis. More than 4,500 cases of infantile paralysis have been re ported throughout the nation this year, the largest number since 1934. Spinal meningitis cases total 13,368, the greatest number since 1914, when records began. 2,000,000 OVERSEAS: Marshall Reports Of 7.000,000 men In the army July 1, *.000.000 were overseas, Gen. _ George C. Marsh Gen. George Marshall all, U. S. chief of staff, revealed In his biennial re port to the nation. Of the 7,000,000 men. General Marshall said, 521,000 are of ficers, with 1,065 ; generals. More than 2,000,000 men are serving in the | air force. Ex p e rie n c e shows that six tons of shipping are necessary to transport a sol dier and his accessories overseas, and his supply requires one ton a month, General Marshall said. At the time the Japs attacked the Philippines, General Marshall stat ed, six troop ships and nine cargo vessels were en route to the islands. WACS Most of the officers of the Wom en's Army Auxiliary corps (WAACS) have taken the oath in the new Women's Army corps (WACS) the war department announces. Of 5,977 WAAC officers, 5,656 have transferred to the new organization without change of rank. Of the 319 women who have not been given the oath, 41 may yet join, but their cases are pending. The others have dropped out for failure to meet phys ical requirements or other reasons it was said. MANPOWER: Control Coast Jjobor With 160,000 more persons re quired for shipyards and 100,000 for aircraft factories. on the West coast. War Mobilization Director James F. Byrnes an nounced that the WMC received control of the su pervision of labor in that area. A copy of a pro gram already de veloped in the Buffalo. N. Y.. jamM F. Byrnes area, the WMC’s West coast plan involves: 1. Deter mination of necessary production schedules in various factories; 2. Shift of labor to essential employ ment from less essential work or services; 3. Allotment of manpower to the more important industries in the area; 4. Distribution of farm help wherever most needed through out the West coast. Time to Switch Along with adoption of the West coast plan, the WMC's selective service bureau sought to co-ordinate its draft program with industrial needs. First, the bureau ordered that all non-deferrable workers seeking to switch to essential production be giv en 30 days, or till October 15, in which to find such employment through registration with the U. S. Employment service. The WMC previously ruled that essential occu pation, and not dependency, be the basis for draft deferment Second, the bureau instructed lo cal boards that before they induct any workers skilled in 149 critical occupations, they must submit the names of such men to the U. S. Em ployment service. The service will then determine whether these men are more urgently needed by an other employer. GOP: Keep Sovereignty Co-operation in the preservation of peace without the loss of U. S. sov ereignty const! Harrison Spangler tutes the basis of the Republican party’s post-war advisory commit tee’s recommen dation for future American foreign policy. Meeting on his toric Mackinac Island, Mich., un der National Chairman Harri son Spangler, the GOP committee struck the theme (or its 1944 plank on foreign affairs. While declaring that “we must do our full share in a program for per manent peace amqng nations." the GOP committee members said, "we must preserve and protect all our own national interests." If any proposed international co-operation should conflict with our best inter ests, the committee said, “then the United States should adhere to the policy which will preserve its con stitutionalism as expressed in the Declaration of Independence . . ." For conquered countries, the com mittee recommended disarmament and destruction of war industries. RUSSIA: Regaining Wealth Under the weight of massed Red attacks. German troops slowly fell back to the broad banks of the Dnie per river in southern Russia. With many of the rich coal and iron deposits of the Donetz basin in Russian hands again, advancing Red armies also reclaimed much of the fertile farm land of the Ukraine, famed for its black earth and wheat and cotton fields. Slicing into the heart of this province, the Reds severed the Nazis' main rail connections to the north. With the natural resources, Rus sian troops also recovered many for mer industrial cities, like Kharkov. But having been wracked by war fare and their manufacturing facili ties demolished by the Germans, re construction will be necessary to re store them to production. In the north-central sector. Red troops pounded at the gateway into White Russia, adjacent to the former state of Poland. MISCELLANY: OCTANE GAS: High octane gaso line that will give motorists 50 to 70 miles to the gallon is predicted as a post-war development of the oil industries by William Carney, a re search chemist for a large refining company. The new automobiles us ing this 90 to 95 octane gasoline will have smaller motors and lighter bodies, made of alloys or plastics, It is believed. U. S. TREASURY: Seeks Billions High finance has come to the fore front with the treasury’s efforts to raise 100 billion dollars for war ex penditures during the present fiscal year ending June 30. Approximately 50 million bonds valued at 15 billion dollars are ex pected to be sold during the treas ury’s present bond selling campaign. All of the money will be sought from individuals and businesses, with banks of fered a limited number of securi ties after the close of the pub lic drive. Howev er, the treasury Rep. Robert Doughton has been obtaining 100 million dol lars weekly through short term bill sales to banks. With congress reconvened, Repre sentative Robert Doughton’s house ways and means committee was looking forward to consideration of new tax legislation to raise an addi tional 12 billion dollars requested by President Roosevelt. Present levies will yield 38 billion dollars. RAIL WRECKS: High Toll Crowded with passengers return ing to New York, the Pennsylvania railroad’s mighty Congressional Limited streaked through the North Philadelphia station. On it whizzed to Frankfort Junction, Pa. Then, a burned journal on the seventh car of the 10-car train gave, throwing the coach high into the air. Hurtling against a steel girder of a signal tower, the upper section of the coach was sheared right off. Careening wildly, the car behind smashed into the wrecked coach, and the rest of the train left the rails and plowed along the right of way. Fire broke out in some of the cars. More than 50 dead and 125 injured were removed from the wreckage. Several hours later, the New York Central’s Century Limited was roar ing along near Canastota, N. Y., when its locomotive exploded, derail ing nine of the 15 passenger cars. The first four cars lunged down an embankment; the others were strewn all over the tracks. Heavy, steel rails were plowed up and twist ed into fantastic shapes. Three crewmen were killed; approximate ly seven passengers injured. U. S.-BRITAIN: Tongue Common Bond Speaking at Harvard university, Prime Minister Winston Churchill declared the United States and Great Britain must march togeth er "in those realms of thought which are consecrated to the rights and dignity of man.” "It would be a most foolish and improvident act on the part of our two governments . . .to break up this smooth running and immense ly powerful machinery the moment the war is over,” Churchill added. Commenting on studies being made by a special commission to construct a basic English language for use by all people, Churchill said such a common tongue offers far better opportunity for understand ing between people than "taking away provinces and land or grinding them down in exploitation." Stating that a common speech had drawn the United States and Great Britain close together in war, Churchill said that it may well prove the foundation for a common citizen ship. ECONOMIC DIRECTOR: Appointed for Italy Former assistant to Vice Presi dent Henry Wallace when he was secretary of agriculture, and more recently head of the Farm Security administration, 41-year-old Calvin B. Baldwin was named area director of economic operations in occupied Italy. As area director, Baldwin will have the task of co-ordinating the various programs of supply and pro duction instituted by the Allies’ civ il commissions in governing the captured territo ries. With Italy essentially an ag ricultural coun try, particularly in wheat and fruits, Baldwin’s experience in Calvin Baldwin farm administration undoubtedly determined his appointment. Joining attacks on Baldwin's po litical philosophy. Senator Harry F. Byrd charged him with admitting to a joint committee on nonessential expenditure that FSA representa tives had formulated a long-range plan of using the government’s power of eminent domain for break ing up large land properties into smaller holdings. JEFFERS William M. Jeffers, director of the wartime rubber program, has re signed his office, stating that he believes that his main task is ac complished. and that he wishes to return to the railroad of which he is president. About 30,000 tons of synthetic rub ber will be turned out this month, in contrast to the 67,000 tons which is the goal of the program, Jeffers stated, explaining that difficulties have been encountered in expanding factory caoacity. Canadian, U. S. Colleges Offer Plan for Prosperity Two Schools Offer Prescription for Post War Depression in Pamphlet Entitled ‘The Midcontinent and the Peace.’ By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building, Washington, D. C. Out of the part of the world farth est from the fighting, literally and figuratively, has come an interest ing international prescription for the cure of the world’s post-war head ache—the spell of depression that we have to be ready for. The formula is summarized in a 43-page pamphlet that I wish every one could read. The title is "The Midcontinent and the Peace.” The cover is an earthy brown embel lished with alternating rows of gold en grain sheaves, fat porkers and trucks. It is a report made Jointly by the Universities of Minnesota and Mani toba. It has nothing to do with de partments of state, it has no official status beyond the fact that the American and Canadian governors asked their respective state univer sities to do the job. It is a splendid down-to-brass-tacks example of the recognition of the common interests of two important areas lying on op posite sides of an international boundary line. The gist of the report is this: I. Western Europe must arrange greatly to increase its imports of wheat, lard and pork after the war. II. Canada and the United States must reorganize their automobile producing industries so that a maxi mum employment in Canadian fac tories can be maintained; cost of autos be reduced to Canadian buy ers and American car output in creased. III. Agriculture in the prairie provinces of Canada and the central northwest United States must con tinue along the lines of agricul tural specialization developed out of necessity during the war. The Connection Now, at first glance, the connec tion between these steps may not be evident, but the report makes the whole effort clear and also shows how the program can be car ried out. There is nothing new or revolutionary i» the methods dis cussed, nor in the reasoning con cerning their results, but a striking assemblage of data gathered and arranged in such a manner that it offers what appears to be a logical program of action. In the first place, the report shows how domestic economic policies (the ones I briefly summarized in the three points above) are, in fact, international policies. It demon strates with figures and explanation that “sound and strong internal economies in Canada and the United States” must have “resoundingly important effects on the external world.” Examples offered to prove this in clude the figures which show how the rise and fall of demand in Can ada and the United States affected other parts of the world up to and after the depression hit us in 1929. In less than three decades, im ports in the United States of ten different commodities increased from 300 to 1,700 million dollars worth. Take silk: the yearly aver age importation of silk bought by the United States from 1901-05 amount ed to 45 million dollars. In 1929. it had jumped to 432 million dol lars. But when the depression struck, it fell to 114 million dollars in 1932. The total imports of the ten com modities dropped from 1,718 mil lion to 534 million dollars—and you can imagine what happened in the producing countries when these markets disappeared. One interesting point brought out is that in this period of expanding trade (both import and export) in which Canada and the United States shared, the MUTUAL interests of the two countries greatly IN CREASED and their competitive in terests declined. Industry Predominant The report shows how agricul ture has ceased to be our greatest source of wealth, how industry has become pre-eminent and to main tain our agriculture, a healthy con dition of industry must be main tained. The old statement is quot ed: '•Tell me the amount of factory payrolls and I will tell you the price of meat and butter.” Th,e plans for our own agriculture are fairly simple—maintenance of the same type of specialization now going on. The plan for Europe is more complicated but since the question of whether the people of western Europe eat at all for the next few years, depends largely on what Russia, the United States and the other grain producing countries do, these countries may be able to get western European countries to do what we want. According to the Midcontinent planners, an arrangement should be made whereby western Europe for a period—perhaps 15 years—would absorb our surplus wheat, pork, lard and other farm products. Pro duction of these products would be stopped in western Europe and re sources saved would be put to ef ficient use. The producing countries would assist in reorganizing Euro pean agriculture to this changeover. The producing countries would also agree to reduce certain tariffs so that the Europeans can pay for the agricultural products they absorb with goods they can make. (Of course, there is the tough spot.) As for changeovers in agriculture, it is pointed out that they are not new. Minnesota was once the great est wheat producing state in the country. That is no longer true. “Mixed farming" has greatly in creased. Diversified farming rose in Denmark and improved the stand ard of her people—these changes come about automatically because the new type introduced pays bet ter. Similar changes, it is implied, could be brought about by ukase, too. Unfortunately, space does not per mit a detailed review of this report but quite as important as its actual content are the forces which initiat ed it—in the first place, it brings to our consciousness the mutual inter ests of this country and our northern neighbor which are plain to any American familiar with Canada and her people but which many in both countries ignore. Again, it shows how groups in two separate coun tries can get together and work out steps mutually beneficial and like wise advantageous to the whole world. The most important thing of all, however, is the emphasis on the fact that domestic problems are fre quently international problems. • • • Diary of a Broadcaster Let me tell you of another crazy rumor story that I heard today It is so old that it has whiskers but people up and down this land are listening andTbelieving it. A reliable, otherwise hardheaded man told me that an acquaintance of his wife had a friend or relative ; who had a letter from her boy, a prisoner in Japan. The boy said that he was being well treated and then made a reference to his stamp collection. He had none, so the remark got the people to thinking—they repeat- | ed it “then the FBI or somebody” j took the letter, steamed off the stamp, and under it was written— Well, before the man finished tell ing it, I said: “I know what was under it—They’ve cut my tongue out.” How did I guess? Well, I heard that story a dozen times in the last World war. But to make sure, I made a few inquiries, simply to check the pro cedure. In the first place, prisoners of war don't use stamps. They can’t write direct to their next of kin. The messages all are relayed through the International Red Cross anyhow. Before we got into the last war, I was sitting on top of a Fifth avenue bus in New York, reading an article by David Lawrence, which reported how the department of justice had run down a story to the effect that sweaters knitted for the Red Cross were sold to soldiers. The bus stopped—a Liberty Bond orator was making a speech—I listened. He was telling the same story that the department of justice had run down and found it had absolutely NO basis whatever. Remember this before you repeat these charming fantasies. Enlist ment in the WACS, as fine a corps of American women as were ever gathered together, has been slowed down by a cheap and dirty story made out of whole cloth and passed from one drooling lascivious mouth to another. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage Bombers that will dwarf in size our present Flying Fortresses, armed with heavy caliber cannon of an entirely new principle of op eration and capable of carrying half a carload of bombs across the At lantic and returning non-stop, are some of tne revolutionary aircraft developments predicted for the near future by Gen. H. H. Arnold of the U. S. army air forces. *'By the hundreds of thousands, boys and girls who in other times would have completed high school, are now leaving the school before graduation to go to work,” says the Educational Policies commission of the National Education association. • • • Entries of aliens during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1943, were the lowest in 80 years. By VIRGINIA VALE Released by Western Newspaper Union. QHILE making “Sahara” for Columbia, Bruce ett met a marine who’ll have to be referred to merely as Joe, the marine. Joe was on leave after some tough Guadalcanal fighting, and due soon to return to the South Pacific. The actor told Joe about a Guate malan machete he’d collected when he was making a Tarzan serial about ten years ago. ‘‘That’s a little some thing I’d like to have,” said Joe, so Bennett sent it to him. Last week a V-Mail note from Joe said: "My machete is the pride of the outfit. I spent two solid weeks sharpening it. And brother, I ain’t out to cut hay!” Bennett wishes he'd had dozens of them to hand over. -* Nobody could be more surprised than the originators of the air’s WLS Barn Dance Show are at the way it has developed. It was started as a program that would appeal princi pally to listeners in rural areas, but HAL O’HALLORAN come October 2 it celebrates its 10th anniversary on the network as a show that many city people love. It’s one of the few that has a paying studio audience. The genial Hal O’Halloran will be on hand as usual as m. c. -¥ Metro is certainly rounding up the popular band leaders; they recently signed Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians for a musical, and al ready have Tommy Dorsey, Harry James, Xavier Cugat, Bob Crosby, Vaughn Monroe and Spike Jones. -* Watch for a radio quis master to name three of Hollywood's loveliest who have not played opposite Cary Grant. It would be hard to name one. Laraine Day shares honors with him in ‘‘Mr. Lucky,” and Is the latest of a list of 28 of his heroines. Irene Dunne, Katharine Hepburn and Sylvia Sidney have appeared three times apiece in Grant pictures, and he’s probably onr only ranking star who has both Joan and Con stance Bennett on his roster of "Celebrities I Have Made Love to on the Screen.” -* The cast of "Mr. District Attor ney” made money when they won a wager from the ‘‘Ellery Queen" performers. Jay Jostyn of the for mer show was a guest star on the latter, and his colleagues bet the op position that he’d solve the mystery. -* Just a natural—The soldiers sta tioned at Camp Ellis, near Lewiston, 111., were trying to And just the right girl to name “Miss Camp Ellis,” and wound up by selecting Anita Ellis, songstress of the Jack Carson show on CBS _afc_ Every now and then Hi Brown, producer and director of “The Ad ventures of Nero Wolfe," runs into an old-timer in radio who reminds him of his first program on the air. It was called “High-Brow Readings by Hi Brown," and he’d rather for get it. -* Three years ago an aspiring young actor named Curtis Rudolf failed to obtain a bit part in a little theater production in Cieveland, and was ad vised to try some other line of work. Recently Metro staged a first show ing on "Salute to the Marines" in Cleveland, and an actor named Don ald Curtis, christened Curtis Rudolf, had a leading role in the Wallace Beery starrer. -♦ A prop man on "The Fallen Spar row" set laboriously made "snow" by flaking ice into a freezing bin— and returned from lunch to find that John Garfield and Walter Slezak had returned from their lunch and used it all up throwing snowballs at Maureen O’Hara and Director Rich ard Wallace When they learned how much labor had been involved, they pitched in and made more. -* ODDS AND ENDS-The small black microphone into which folks on the Bing Crosby program sing has been named “Skinny Ennis" . . . Bob Hawk, of “Thanks to the Yanks," has an idea for a movie quiz in which several stu dios are interested . . . Fred Astaire's signed a long-term contract with Metro, where he made his first picture—“Danc ing lady," which starred Joan Craw ford and Clark Gable, in a cast includ ing Franchnt Tone, and made little of Astaire’s talents . . . Dickie Jones, the air’s new “Henry Aldrich," went to Hol lywood several years ago as a protege of Hoot Gibson—he was the voice of “Pinocchio" in the picture of that name 1 Rope and Twine Must Be Made to Last Supply Is Short, Says Dept, of Agriculture Farmers must preserve their ropo and twine on hand carefully, be cause very little new can be ob tained, the department of agricul ture warns. Fibers for rope and twine that used to be Imported from the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies are now unobtainable be cause of the war. Small quantitiea of henequen and sisal fibers ar» coming in from Mexico, Cuba and Haiti, but this supply will not aid the situation much. Rope for agricultural uses will be made largely of jute, cotton and other substitute materials. To take the best care possible of your rope, the department gives the following advice: 1. Store It properly in a dry on heated building or room. It should be clean and dry before storing. Ilang It in loose coils on a peg—not on the floor. 2. Avoid kinks. Kinks pulled through a restricted space will shear the fibers and weaken the rope. 3. Don’t leave rope where battery acid, drying oils, etc., can damage it, or where animals can chew It. 4. Splices are stronger, and eas ier, on rope than knots. 5. Don’t overload rope. Use the right size for the job. 6. Reverse rope, end for end, that runs through pulleys and tackle te equalize the wear. 7. Save wear on rope by reducing wear and abrasion that occurs when one rope chafes another, when it drags over sharp surfaces, or picks up sand, grit, etc., when it is dragged over the ground. Binder twine will be very scares this year, according to officials of Ropes running through pulley* should be reversed end for end t* equalise wear. (Picture from U. 8. Soil Conservation service.) the department. To make what you have go farther, they give the fol lowing precautions: 1. Use twine only on mechanical binding equipment. 2. Keep all points on binding ma chines through which the twin* passes in the best possible operating condition. This means touching up or repairing worn needles and other eyes, adjusting or replacing badly worn parts and weak or ineffective springs, keeping the cutter knife sharp, or replacing it if necessary. Such precautions are particularly pertinent when using twine made of substitute materials. 3. Tie larger bundles to use less twine. 4. Take care of your present sup ply—don’t leave it out in the weath er, or where rats can gnaw it. New Chemical Kills Lice on Cattle A new chemical combination made up of two parts sodium fluo silicate, one part phenothiazine, and one part white flour, has been used successfully to destroy both chew ing and sucking lice that infest cat tle. In the experiments conducted at the N. Dakota agricultural ex periment station, phenothiazine alone, merely diluted with ecjual parts of flour, in trials on 12 in fested animals located in various parts of the state, resulted in a 100 per cent kill of both short-nosed and long-nosed suckmg lice in every trial. However, it failed to kill chew ing lice. When the sodium fluosili cate was added to the diluted phe nothiazine, the mixture killed both chewing and sucking lice. Pullet Losses Reduced By Selective Breeding Under ordinary conditions many poultrymen lose about 25 per cent of their pullets during the first year. In a test conducted by Dr. C. H. Bostian of N. C. State college, where matings were made from stock not bred for improved livabil ity, the loss was 28 per cent. With another group of birds, kept under exactly the same conditions but from matings selected for improved livability, the loss was only 11%.