HOVSSHOIV
MEMOS... fyJfin
Follow Rules to Make Canning Easy
(See Directions Below)
Fruit Canning
It’* time now to begin putting up
fruits for next winter and fall to
help stretch those ration points and
to make sure your family is going to
get the two fruits a day required by
the nutritional yardstick.
Be wise and watch the fruit trees
or berry vines or markets—wher
ever you get your
fruit—to see that
you get it for your
canning at just
the ripe stage.
Fruits should be
I flrm-fleshed, ripe
but not over-ripe
and in prime con
ditlon. Remember canning does not
Improve any product; It merely pre
serves it for later use, so it fol
lows that you get out of the can
only what you put into it.
Methods for processing fruit for
canning in order of their desira
bility are hot-water bath, pressure
cooker, steam cooker, open-kettle.
Although many homemakers prefer
the open kettle for the fruits, the
degree of spoilage is so high and
the vitamin loss so great that it is
less desired than processing in the
jars.
Hot Water Bath.
For a hot water or boiling water
bath as it is sometimes called, uti
lize a large deep vessel. Fit it with
a rack of some kind that will hold
the Jars % inch from the bottom of
the canner. Be sure the vessel is
deep enough so that when the jar is
immersed in the boiling water, the
water comes to within 1 to 2 inches
over the top of the jar.
Place jars on the rack, allowing
free circulation of air between the
Jars. The water should be kept
boiling during the entire processing
period. If it boils down, particu
larly during some of the lengthy
processing times, add sufficient boil
ing water to keep it at the proper
height
Oven Canning.
Many homemakers like to use the
oven for canning fruits and toma
toes. This can be successful if the
oven you are using is thermo
statically controlled and will keep
the required temperature of 250 de
grees.
The Jars should be set on a rack,
at least 2 inches apart—starting
with a cold oven.
The jars should
not be allowed to
touch the sides of
the oven. If a sec
ond batch of jars
la going in after
the first batch,
ithe oven does not
have to be cooled.
[{ After the Jars are placed on the
rack, turn on the switch or light
the oven. Start counting process
ing time as soon as the oven la
Lynn Says:
Canning Pointers: Most fruits
are canned by the cold pack
method, but apples, pears, pine
apple and quinces are pre-cooked
in their syrups to give them that
lovely, transparent look. Most
homemakers are using the light
syrup—three cups water to one
cup sugar—for canning.
If you can’t afford any sugar,
use fruit juices in place of the
sugar, and then sweeten the fruit
when ready to use. Or, if you
can't make up all the jellies and
jams because of lack of sugar,
put up the juice and make it into
Jelly during the winter when you
do have sugar.
Honey syrup may be used in
canning fruits, but expect to have
a slightly different flavor to the
fruit and somewhat darker ap
pearance.
Use a large kettle In cooking
honey syrups because they have
a tendency to boil over and foam
while being cooked.
This Week’s Mena
Cold Cuts
Old-Fashioned Potato Salad
Sliced Tomatoes Radishes
Garden Onions
Hot Baking Powder Biscuits
Cherry Pie
Beverage
turned on. Temperature should nev
er exceed 250 degrees. Higher tem
peratures cause liquid to boil out
of jars and evaporate.
Cooling and Testing Jars.
If you have used a self-sealing
lid on the jars canned, do not in
vert them after taking from the
canner. Instead, set them upright
on several thicknesses of newspa
per or clean towels, away from
drafts and let them cool. After the
jar has thoroughly cooled, remove
the screw band and re-use it again
and again. To test for seal, tap
the lid of the jar with a spoon, and
if you get a clear, high ringing note
you can be certain that the jar is
well sealed.
Fruits for canning are most often
cold-packed, rather than hot-packed
as are non-acid
vegetables. Se
lect fruit only in
prime condition,
ripe rather than
over-ripe. Wash it
thoroughly, then
prepare as for ta- ^
ble and pack in
Jars. Fill with hot
syrup to within
Vi inch of the top. Process accord
ing to the time table:
Fruit Canning Timetable.
(Time in Minutes)
Fruit Hot Water Oven
Bath
Apples* 25 75
Apricots 20 68
Berries 20 68
Cherries 20 68
Figs 30 90
Fruit Juices 20 68
Grapes 20 68
Peaches 20 68
Pears* 25 75
Pineapple *• 30 90
Plums 20 68
Quinces* 35 75
Rhubarb 10 68
Tomatoes 35 75
•Pre-cook fruit in light syrup (3
cups water and 1 cup sugar boiled
together 5 minutes), for 3 to 5 min
utes before packing in jar.
*‘Precook fruit 5 to 10 minutes in
syrup before packing in jar.
Fruit Juices.
Many homemakers who will be
unable to put up all the jellies they
would like this summer may put
up fruit juices and make them into
jelly later. Canning fruit juices ei
ther for Jelly or other uses is a fair
ly simple matter, and process
ing is usually done in a hot water
bath, at a simmering temperature,
180 degrees.
Flavor of the fruit juices depends
upon the fruit selected. The Juice
of fully ripened fruit should be used.
Partially ripened fruit lacks flavor
whereas over-ripe or bruised or de
cayed fruit will make sterilization
more difficult.
Extracting Juice.
The cold process method must not
be used if the fruit is extracted for
jelly making. It is far better to
heat the fruit or berries. Do not
add much water, particularly for
soft fruits and berries. Simmer at
very low heat—do not boil—until the
juices start running.
Strain the fruit juices through •
cotton flannel bag, and fill sterile
jars to within Vi inch of the top.
Adjust cap, and process in hot water
bath for 30 minutes.
Working as quickly as possible
will save the flavor of the juices and
make it more desirable for jelly
making.
If you have a canning problem, write
to Mitt Lynn Chambers, Western News
paper Union, 210 South Desplaines
Street, Chicago, III. Please enclose e
self-addressed envelope for your reply,
K«1mm4 be Weetern Newspaper Union.
MY^ FRIEND ?
FLICK A*]
,H MARY'O'HARA
THE STORY SO FAR: Ten-year-old
Ken McLaughlin, given an opportunity to
choose any yearling on his family’s Wy
oming ranch, picks the filly of a “loco”
mare named Rocket. His father, a re
tired army officer, Is disappointed by
Ken’s choice and by his son’s failure In
school. But he is pleased at the change
In Ken since he has had a colt of his
own. When Flicka, the filly, Is badly
hurt trying to jump the corral fence,
Ken takes the opportunity to care for
her and to make friends with her. Mc
Laughlin, however. Is still convinced the
filly Is no good and refuses to have any
thing to do with what he considers
Ken’s bad bargain.
Now continue with the story.
CHAPTER XIV
The filly’s physical condition was
improving. She ran all over the
Call Pasture on three legs. She was
up on the hillside near the three
pines in the early morning, broad
side to the sun, getting what Nell
said was her radium treatment; and
the first thing when Ken woke in
the morning, he looked out of his
window and saw her there, standing
in profile, motionless as a statue,
her head hanging low and relaxed.
The achievement which Ken had
been getting just a hint of, like the
scent of something delicious but far
away tickling the nostrils of a hound,
was more than a hint now. It was a
reality. A victory that filled his
lungs and shone from his eyes and
gave strength to his hands. Flicka
was his. Flicka had recovered.
Flicka loved him. There was only
one more thing . . .
“Dad,” he said at supper that
night, “Flicka's my friend now. She
likes me.”
“I’m glad of that, son,” said Mc
Laughlin. “It’s a fine thing to have
a horse for a friend.”
Ken’s face was strained. “And
her leg’s better,” he said. "It doesn’t
hurt her. So—”
“Well—what?”
“Well—w’e’ve got to find out, don’t
we?”
“Find out what?”
“If she’s loco.”
"Loco! Oh.” McLaughlin grunt
ed and frowned. “She’s not loco.”
"But you said we wouldn’t know
until we began her training.”
“Have you had that in your head
all this time? That little filly’s got
as nice a disposition as any horse
I ever knew.”
“But Dad, how do we know? She
might be crazy—like Rocket—like
she was herself up in the stables, if
we tried to put a rope on her—and
she’s got to be halter-broke—”
McLaughlin looked at his small
son with a quizzical grin on his
face. “Oh, that’s what you want,
is it? Some help In breaking thit
wild woman!”
Kennie nodded. Rob’s eyes sought
Nell’s and then he pushed back his
chair, took out his pipe and looked
out the window gravely.
“I think we might do that tomor
row,” he said finally. “Yes, I think
I’ll have time. Right after break
fast.”
When supper was over, Ken fled
from the table and ran to take
Flicka her oats. He told her all
about it. He stood smoothing her
mane, he begged her to be good. He
assured her there was nothing to
be afraid of in being halter-broken.
He told her how he and Howard
had halter-broken the colts; that the
colts had liked it; they had all had
fun together. He begged her—he
begged her! Oh. Flicka—
He began to think of what would
happen if she wasn’t good. He
thought of Rocket, and then the hole
—and then he laid his face against
Flicka’s mane, and stopped talking
to her, because he couldn’t tell her
about those things — she just
wouldn’t understand.
Nell came looking for him. She
liked to pay a little visit every day
to Flicka. They walked up through
the pasture together. The air was
sweet with the perfume of wild
roses. In the sunset there were long
horizontal bands of deep rose and
golden pink with dark blue sky in
between. There was a mass of
mauve and violet cloud above. A
sickle moon rode in the midst of the
color with one star drawn close.
Nell seized Ken by the shoulder
and whirled him around before he
saw It. “There’s a new moon in
the sky, Kennie—look at it over
your left shoulder—and that’s good
luck.”
Ken obediently looked. He didn’t
want to stop looking. If it was good
luck— Oh, if it was good luck—
When Gus leaned in at the door
next morning and said “What’s to
day, Boss?" McLaughlin began to
outline a full day’s work.
He was planning the haying.
They’d begin in mid-August. The
i grass was deep and ripe. They could
| cut early this year. The weather
had been so fine that all the ranch
\ ers in the neighborhood were get
| ting ready to cut. Along the road
i sides the mowing machines were
] already laying swathes of fragrant
hay flat. The air smelled different.
It was said that when hay was cut
| in Wyoming, the perfume of it was
I on the wind for hundreds of miles.
The mowing machines with all
j their small, razor-sharp blades must
! be gone over, bolts tightened, worn
j parts replaced; harness mended;
' new prongs put in the rakes; some
j repairs made on the stackers , . .
I Ken sat in an anguish of suspense
| while his father gave Gus direc
tions that, lurely, meant a full day’s
work.
“And Gus—” added McLaughlin,
"right now, before we begin with all
that, Ken is going to halter-break
his filly—I want you and Tim on
hand—”
Gus’ eyes opened in astonishment.
He glanced at Ken’s scarlet, down
cast face. “Ja, Boss— Vere will
ve do it?”
“In the Calf Pasture. Call Tim.”
McLaughlin rose from the table.
“We’ll do it right now, and get it
over with.”
Tim and Gus came down from
the stable carrying lariat, halter,
and a lead rope.
They stood in a group just inside
the fence, and McLaughlin walked
forward a short distance with Ken,
and told him to call the filly.
Ken obeyed. Presently Flicka ap
peared coming around the shoulder
of the hill. She trotted up to Ken.
McLaughlin undid the red ban
dana from Ken’s neck, handed it to
him and said, "Just sling that
around her neck and tie it in a loose
knot.”
Puzzled by these strange direc
tions, Ken obeyed, and Flicka re
turned what, apparently, she
“I'd call that halter-broken,” said
McLaughlin.
thought was a caress, nuzzling his
neck with her nose.
“And now take your belt off,” said
McLaughlin.
“Here,” said Ken, in a complete
fog.
“Slip it through the bandana,”
said his father.
When Ken had done that, the belt
hung in a loop under Flicka’s neck.
McLaughlin waved his hand. "Now
go down the path—put your arm
through that loop.”
Ken did so, while McLaughlin
stepped backward, put his arm
across his wife’s shoulders, and pre
tended to lean his weight on her.
He was thoroughly enjoying him
self.
Ken walked down the path and
Flicka hopped by his side close to
him. When they reached the cotton
woods on the hill, McLaughlin
called, “Now turn around and come
back. Let go the loop. Just hold
your hand in the air under her
chin.”
Ken obeyed. The leather belt, the
bandana, hung loose on the filly’s
neck. Ken’s hand was in the air
under her chin. He led her by an
invisible bridle, and the filly fol
lowed as close as she could.
"I’d call that halter-broken,” said
McLaughlin grinning as the boy
reached him. Ken was stunned.
"But Dad—*’ he said, “but it’s not
a halter, Dad”
"You take some convincing, young
feller,” said Rob. "But all right.
Give us a halter, Gus.” Gus stepped
forward and gave him the halter,
"Now put it on her,” said Mc
Laughlin, handing it to Ken.
Ken almost shook. He held the
halter in his hands and turned to
Flicka but dared not take a step in
her direction.
"How shall I put it on her?" he
asked, thinking of the way he and
Howard had to struggle with the
first halter and the colts.
"Just the way I put the halter
on Taggert,” said his father.
Ken thought about that. His fa
ther walked up to Taggert holding
the halter openly in his hands, and
Taggert stood there and stuck her
head in it
He summoned all his courage,
went to Flicka and held out the
halter. Flicka. who loved his hands,
and had never felt the touch of them
except in gentleness and affection,
came closer, and Ken slipped the
halter over her head, and hooked it
under her throat.
"Now lead her," said his father.
Ken obeyed and went down the
path twenty yards or so—an easy
halt and turn—and back again, with
Flicka following so close the lead
rope was slack.
“But Dad,” said Ken, completely
dazed, “how did she get halter
broke?"
McLaughlin did not answer direct
ly. “That’s all, folks,” he said,
turning to the small audience. Gus
and Tim were both grinning.
“That’s the way we break horses
on the Goose Bar Ranch. I wish
Ross Buckley had been here to see
that.”
“But Dad,” protested Ken, slip
ping the halter off of Flicka’s head.
She stood beside him, nosing at it,
nipping at it with her lips.
“Figure it out,” said McLaughlin
boisterously as he walked away.
“Come on, Gus, we’ll get at those
machines—”
That night, when Ken came back
from taking Flicka her oats, he
walked to the terrace where his par
ents were sitting and said, wagging
his head, “More poultices, please—”
Nell, who was laughing, stopped
as she heard Ken’s words and
turned to look at him. “What's the
matter?”
“Her hock is swelled up again
and she holds the leg up.”
Both his parents sat so still and
so gravely for a moment, that it
made Ken anxious. “The poultices
cured it before—they’ll cure it again,
won’t they?”
Nell got up suddenly. “I’ll go
down to look at it, Ken—”
McLaughlin went too.
They looked at the wound which
was swollen and obviously painful.
Her right foreleg was swollen too,
all the way from the knee up to
the scar of the chest wound.
Ken was alarmed when his father
pointed out to him the second infec
tion. “Can we put poultices on that
too?” he said anxiously.
Nell nodded. “Sure. It won’t be
an easy place to bandage, but we’ll
manage.”
Next time McLaughlin went to
town he brought back a bottle of
serum and gave Flicka a hypo
dermic injection.
“What’s it for, Dad?” asked Ken
anxiously.
“For a generalized infection like
this.”
“Generalized infection?”
“Yes. She had just one infected
place, on her leg. This chest wound
was all healed up and never had
been infected. Now it’s infected.
The infection came through her
bloodstream from her leg. That’s
called a generalized infection.”
McLaughlin spoke in a casual,
matter-of-fact way, and Ken’s anxi
ety was allayed.
“Will it get her well quick, Dad?”
he asked.
“Hope so, son—sometimes it helps
a lot—sometimes they seem to do
as well without it.”
“Where’d you get it?”
“I got it from Dr. Hicks.”
The name of the vet always made
Ken think of money—and it gave
him a shock. That thing his father
had said—You cost me money every
time you turn around—
“How much did it cost, Dad?”
They were walking back together.
"It cost ten dollars.”
Ken stopped walking and Mc
Laughlin strode on without him,
heading for the tool house, near
which Gus was working on one of
the mowing machines.
Ten dollars! Ten dollars . . .
when his father crabbed about ev
ery penny the boys spent . . . about
a forkful of hay . . .
Ken ran after his father. Mc
Laughlin was already arguing over
the blades with Gus. "Dad,” he be
gan.
“Well?" McLaughlin’s head was
raised from the machine.
“j—i—didn’t know—what you said,
you remember—”
"Well, out with it!” roared Mc
Laughlin impatiently.
“That I cost you money every time
I turn around. I didn’t see how I
could, but now, why, Dad! Ten dol
lars . . . thanks ever so much,
Dad—”
“Ten dollars!” shouted his father,
with the twisted, sardonic grin on
his mouth. “Why, for you, Kennie,
that’s nothing. A mere wave of the
hand. You’re the boy that threw
away three hundred dollars just look
ing out the window for an hour.”
why—why—I never—three hun
dred dollars—”
"Go on away and let me work,"
roared his father, and bent his head
again over the machine,
Ken found his mother. She was
busy too, sorting the laundry, sit
ting on her heels on the floor pick
ing over a big pile of shirts, blue
jeans, socks and linen.
Ken posed the problem. “How did
I, Mother? I never did, did I?”
Nell laughed and wrote “six prs.
bluejeans” on her list. "Yes, you
did. You looked out the window for
an hour when you should have been
writing a composition. So you
weren’t promoted and you have to
repeat the grade. And it costs about
three hundred dollars for one year’s
schooling for you—”
“Three hundred dollars," breathed
Kennie with awe, “How can it?”
“Count it up, eight months’ board
at $25.00 a month. A hundred dol
lars for tuition and books. You
wasted all that, you see. If you had
written the composition, your father
wouldn’t have had to pay that over
again for you.”
(TO BE CONTINUED)
Shelter* for Turkey*
On Range Easily Built
Dead Birds Mean Large
Loss of Scarce Grain
Range shelters for growing tur
keys protect them against the
weather, marauding animals, and to
some extent from thieves, says the
department of agriculture. By pro
viding protection for their birds, tur
key growers can make a two-way
saving—the turkeys themselves and
the feed they have consumed.
Whenever a turkey dies, there
is a loss of a substantial quan
tity of feed, including protein
feed, which is now more difficult
to obtain than in normal times.
A 10-week-old tnrkey weighing
four pounds usually has eaten
about nine pounds of feed; a bird
18 weeks old and weighing 12
pounds represents about1 33
pounds of feed; and a tnrkey 30
weeks old and ready for market
weighs about 20 pounds and has
eaten about 85 pounds of feed.
All these quantities of feed are
in addition to what the turkeys
get by foraging.
To help conserve investments of
this kind, the department’s engi
neers have designed several shelters
that are both substantial and inex
pensive. Some of the structures are
Turkeys on range may not develop
into such handsome specimens un
less protected when young.
readily portable; other heavier ones
are intended for only occasional
moving. They are adapted to the
needs of flocks of various sizes, and
all of them have proved satisfactory
in actual use.
The plans include detailed draw
ings for the construction of feeders
and roosts and the arrangement of
yards. The general design of the
shelters calls for tight roofs, with
wire netting or slats on one or more
sides, depending upon the climate.
The capacity of each shelter is
readily calculated from the roosting
space by allowing 10 to 18 inches
per bird, depending upon their size.
The shelters are described and illus
trated in Circular A.H.D. No. 48,
"Plans for Turkey Range Shelters,”
available from the Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Agriculture
in
Industry
By FLORENCE C. WEED
Uses of Rye
“The grain of poverty" is the
name given to rye because it can be
produced on poor soils which would
not be suitable for wheat or corn.
In this country, it is considered a
minor grain because only one bushel
of rye is grown for every ten of
wheat. But in the northern coun
tries of Europe where wheat does
not grow well, rye fills the bread
basket No one need pity the people
who live on this bread since black
bread and pumpernickel is much
richer in protein than that made
from refined white wheat flour.
Industrially, rye grain is impor
tant in the manufacture of distilled
alcoholic beverages and ethyl alco
hol. Ground rye and rye bran ara
marketed in stock feed. Rye straw
is used somewhat in strawboard and
straw hats.
The north central part of the Unit
ed States and Pennsylvania produces
most of the rye crop. From two to
four million acres are grown annual
ly. The price has varied from 81
cents to 35 cents a bushel, so that
the annual farm income from rye
also varies from 12 to 34 million
dollars.
Potato Sprays
Apply either dust or spray when
potatoes are 3 to 5 inches high. Re
peat at 7- to 10-day intervals as long
as the foliage remains green. Ap
ply so leaves and stems are thor
oughly covered throughout the grow
ing season.
For dusting: Use copper-lime dust
(1 part monohydrated copper sul
phate, 1 part lead or calcium ar
senate, 3 parts hydrated lime).
For spraying: Use 4-4-50 bordeaux
mixture with lead arsenata.
ON THE
HOME
HJFRON./
RUTH WYETH SPEARS
'T'ODAY’S living room is often
furnished with streamlined
pieces that have served a more
humble purpose. Almost any plain
washstand or dresser may be giv
en long smart lines by adding
open shelves at the ends. Here a
top of plywood with a plain moulds
ing around the edges extends
across the stand and shelves. By
a, I5TRETCH
rn CHINTZ OVER
fj CARDBOARD
I THEN FRAME
OLD WASH STAND ->—->
WITH SIDE SHELVES,NEW
TOP AND 4'BASE BOARD
MAY BE USED IN LIYING RO
iDINING ROOM OR ENTRANCE HAuT
adding a plain baseboard and a
coat of paint the piece is finished
with a modern air. The paint
should match the woodwork and if
old hardware is removed to make
way for simple new drawer pulls
the screw holes should be filled:
with plastic wood and sandpapered
before painting.
The diagram at the upper right
shows how to make the wall deco
ration from a remnant of flow
ered chintz. If you use an old
frame, the chintz picture may be
given the appearance of an oil
painting by applying several coats
of varnish, allowing plenty of time
for each coat to dry thoroughly.
* • *
Note: The remodeled washstand Is from
Book 10 of the series of homemaking book
lets prepared for readers. Book 10 also
contains more than 30 other things to
make from things on hand and available
materials. Booklets are 15 cents. Address:
MRS. RUTH WYETH SPEARS
Bedford Hills New York.
Drawer 10
Enclose IS cents for Book No. 10.
Name.
Address.
Likely Hercules Knew
Nothing About Cave Man
The aproned figure at the sink
gazed sadly at the accumulation
of plates and dishes, pots and
pans. Was this all that marriage
meant?
A heavy sigh, a rolling up of
sleeves, and the kitchen was soon
filled with the clatter of washing
and scouring. The toiler paused
from time to time to listen to the
steady thrash of a typewriter in
the next room.
Suddenly the noise ceased, and
a large, spectacled woman, lofty
of brow, appeared in the doorway.
“Hercules, darling,” she said,
addressing the little man, “I never
can remember—do you spell ‘cave
man’ with or without a hyphen?”
Brought Us Poinsettia
Joel Robert Poinsett, American
minister to Mexico (1825-29), no
ticed the striking beauty of the
scarlet and green head of the poin
settia, and the fact that it usually
came into blossom about Christ
mas time.
Poinsett, who was a botanist as
well as a diplomat, brought sev
eral specimens back to this coun
try, and fellow scientists soon
learned that the plants thrived in
sub-tropical parts of the United
States.
RELIEVE For stings or itches, those
mosqui to torments that so
often spoil summer fun.
get Mexsana, formerly
BTTES Mexican Heat Powder.
- -
Varieties of Fish
If a family eats fish once a week
every week, it will take three
years and four weeks to sample
each of the varieties of fish and
shellfish produced commercially in
the United States.
To relieve distress of MONTHLY "V
Female Weakness
WHICH MAKES YOU CRANKY, NERVOUS!
Lydia E. Plnkham’s Vegetable Com
pound has helped thousands to re
lieve periodic pain, backache, head
ache with weak, nervous, cranky,
blue feelings — due to functional
monthly disturbances. This Is due
to Its soothing effect on one of
woman’s most important organs.
Taken regularly—Plnkham’s Com
pound helps build up resistance
against such annoying symptoms.
Follow label directions. Worth tryingt
Keep the Battle Rolling
With War Bonds and Scrap