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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 16, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS__ Allied Bombers Concentrate Attacks On Enemy Airfields, Communications; Japs Continue Retreat in New Guinea; Civilians to Get 75% of Food Supply (EDITOR'S NOTE: When •pinion* »r» expressed In these colnnins they sro those of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.! ____________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. . ... Killed in action against the Japanese, an American soldier Is being borne back rrom the front lines by these New Guinea natives. Chaplain Owen Monahan of the 41st division follows the body. Natives arc serving U. 8. forces as stretcher bearers and supply carriers. « EUROPE: Hell on High As Allied troops poised for the leap into southern Europe, waves of American and British bombers whirled over the foot of the Italian boot, smashing at enemy airfields and communication lines in the ef fort to paralyze Axis troop move ments to invasion points. Principal concentration has been on Foggia, 80 miles northeast of the once-colorful, now heavily bombed, Neopolitan port of Naples. Be sides the main airdrome at Foggia, 10 smaller auxiliary airfields were the targets for low level bombing and machine gunning attacks spear headed by fast, U. S. Lockheed Lightnings. Throughout the Foggia area, rail roads, over which trains were car rying enemy troops, were shot up. As a result of heavy, concentrat ed RAF raids on Berlin, it was re ported that 12,000 epople might have been killed, 50,000 wounded, and 500,000 made homeless. LEND-LEASE: *Re paid With Victory ‘•Victory and a secure peace are the only coin in which we can be repaid” for lend-lease assistance thus far amounting to 14 billion dol lars, President Roosevelt reported to congress. Of the total in armament and food distributed through lend-lease. Great Britain received 4V4 billion dollars; Russia, 2t4 billion dollars, and Af rica, the Middle East and Mediter ranean countries, one billion, 300 mil lion dollars. China, India, Australia and New 2^aland have obtained lend-lease also to the amount of one billion 300 million dollars. "The congress in passing and ex tending the lend-lease act made it plain that the United States wants no new war debts to (jeopardize the coming peace," the President said. SOUTH PACIFIC: Smash Supplim Using the airplane as an instru ment for weakening the enemy by disrupting his supply, Gen. Douglas MacArthur sent scores of bombers along the northeastern New Guinea coart to blast at the small barges with which the Japanese have been • replenishing their beleaguered forces in the Salamaua area. As the Allied airmen swooped low to bomb and machine gun the tiny craft darting through the coastal shoals, or streaking for cover in the many coves along the shore, U. S. and Australian forces fought up to the gates of Salamaua itself. Having fallen back through the jun gle under pressure of Allied infiltra tion tactics, the enemy girded for a last stand at his big New Guinea base. In a Tokyo broadcast, the Japa nese claimed to have sunk nine American cruisers and 11 destroyers and knocked out 836 planes since June 30. In addition, the broadcast declared, four cruisers and eight destroyers were damaged. The Japanese claims were without con firmation in Allied circles. NAZI SPIES: Trapped by FBI After four years of investigation, the long arm of the FBI reached out to arrest four persons on charges of wartime espionage and smash a Nazi spy ring operating in prin cipal war industry centers. Alleged pivot in the ring was Grace Buchanan Dineen, wealthy 34-year old French-Canadian, who was re portedly taught espionage in Ger many before coming to this country in October, 1841. FOOD: Less Than 1942-43 Americans will have less to eat during the next 10 months than in 1942-’43, but on the average they will get as much food as they did from 1935-’39, the government de- i dared. Of the total food supply, civilians ! will receive 75 per cent, it was re ported. The army will be allotted 13 per cent, lend-lease 10 per cent, and United States territories and special needs 2 per cent. In commenting on the army alio- \ cation, the government pointed out that a serviceman eats about 5V& pounds of food daily, to the civil ian’s 3V4 pounds. This is equiva lent to adding approximately 4ti million people to the population, it was said. WHEAT: Feed Sales High Since the initiation of the govern ment’s program for the sale of wheat for feed at the start of July, the Commodity Credit corporation has disposed of more than 89,000,000 bushels, or an average of 50,000,000 monthly. At the same time, government purchases to replenish stocks ap proximate only 14,000,000 bushels per month, it was reported. Much of the new grain has been coming in by rail from Canada through the j Dakotas, and arrangements have been made for shipment through the Pacific Northwest. Should the demand for feed wheat continue and sales outstrip pur chases, the government can draw on the 200,000,000 bushels of the 1942 crop held on farms under loans | which could be called before ma- i turity. MINERS: No Travel Pay Eight public and employer mem bers of the War Labor board joined in voting against approval of a wage contract be tween Illinois coal operators and the United Mine Workers granting the latter $1.25 daily for time spent traveling underground to apd from their work. Headed by Matthew Woll, Matthew Woll vice president of the American Fed eration of Labor, the four labor members of the WLB opposed the decision. Although voting against under ground travel compensation, the WLB agreed to payment of time and-a-half to miners for all work over 35 hours a week. WLB also approved increased vacation pay ments and provision for certain free equipment and services amounting to 25 cents daily. The WLB declared the miners would have to go to court to collect any claims they hold against the coal companies for underground payment under the wages and hour law. MISCELLANY: JEWS: Jewish population In Axis controlled Europe has diminished from 8,300,000 to about 3.300,000. a statement by the American Jewish Congress reveals. Of the five mil lion people who have disappeared, some three million are dead, 1,800, 000 have been moved deep into So viet Russia, and 180,000 have emi grated to various places, the report continues. FIGHTING FRENCH: Made Administrators Until the people of France are able to choose a government, the French Committee of National Lib eration, operating from Algiers, North Africa, will be recognized merely as an administrative agency of those parts of the French empire over which it has succeeded in ob taining control. This recognition was made by the United States, Great Britain and Russia. It followed months of wran gling between the factions of Gen. Charles De Gaulle, who has had strong British backing, and Gen. Henri Giraud, who represented the pro-Vichy Darlan group which ar ranged for American landings in North Africa with Gen. Dwight Eisenhower. Recently these factions combined, with De Gaulle securing political leadership and Giraud mili tary direction. The Liberation committee's ad ministrative authority, however, will be subject to the requirements of the Allied military command in such zones of operation as North Africa and the Near East. RUSSIA: Drive for Coal, Iron With Kharkov, the “Pittsburgh" of Russia, again in their hands, Red forces hurled their might against the Nazis farther to the south in the Donetz basin, source of much coal and iron. Giving way under the full weight of massed Russian artillery, tank and infantry attack, the Germans fell back slowly, in severe defensive fighting. But with the Reds driving forward frontally instead of slicing to the Nazis’ rear, the Germans re tained their freedom to move back and evade being surrounded. To the north of Kharkov, Russian troops surged Into Zenkov, thus passing the farthest point they reached during their winter offen sive. But in front of Bryansk, stiff Nazi defenses had slowed the Rus sian advance to a crawl. WORLD PROGRESS: Seen by FDR Declaring tliat the war was prov ing what could be accomplished through the co-operative action of nations. President Roosevelt told 30,000 Canadians at Ottawa that “great councils (were) held on the free and honored soil of Canada . . . which . . . look to building a new progress for mankind.” "There is a longing in the air," the President said. “It is not a Prime Minister Mackenzie King (left) and President Roosevelt at Ottawa. longing to go back to what they call ‘the good old days' . . . Surely we can make strides toward a greater freedom from want than the world has yet enjoyed . . . "I am everlastingly angry only at those who assert vociferously that the four freedoms and the Atlantic Charter are nonsense because they are unattainable," the President said. "... But I would rather be a builder than a wrecker, hoping always that the structure of life is growing—not dying." ARMY RULE: Judxe, General Clash Demanding respect for the full dignity of the judicial branch of the federal government, a U. S. judge clashed with the military gov ernor of Hawaii over the release of two naturalized citizens of German ancestry. Picked up shortly after Pearl Har bor when army rule was established over Hawaii, the two citizens have been held without hearings. Cer tain court functions were restored by proclamation in March, 1942, and then the citizens attempted to obtain their release from custody by securing a writ of habeas corpus. When the military governor, Lieut. Gen. Robert Richardson Jr., failed to produce the two citizens after Judge Delbert Metzger had issued writs for them, the judge sum moned him on contempt charges and then lined him $5,000 for ignor ing the order. General Richardson countered by forbidding hirther habeas corpus proceedings, either by a court or applicants, on grounds of military security. The general said the March, 1942, proclamation excluded issuance of habeas corpus writs, but Judge Metzger said that the Constitution required the full and free and not just the partial operation of the courts. JAPS Calling for an end to what he called unfair criticism of the War Relocation authority. Representative Herman P. Eberharter (Pa.) de clared that none of the 16,000 Japa nese released from detention centers have been charged with disloyalty to the government. In answer to charges that Japs at the relocation centers were eating better than the average American, Eberharter said food costs in the centers sunounted to 40 cents a day. History Written at Quebec; Only Time Will Reveal It Military Experts Satisfied With Results of Roosevelt-Churchill Conference; Political Angle an Enigma. js - w By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. Mr. Baukhage has written to day’s column from Quebec, site of the Roosevelt-Churchill confer ence, which he covered for news papers affiliated with Western Newspaper Union. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Now that some of the deep secrets which surrounded the most impor tant conference so far held by the firm of Roosevelt & Churchill, pur veyors of victory, are beginning to be revealed in action, one can lean back, gaze at this remarkable ad venture in history in the making— and wonder . . . I cannot help recalling the eve ning of Sunday, August 22, nearly a month after the actual prepara tions for the conference began, the purpose of which was then un guessed even by the people whose job was to do the spade work. I was sitting with Edgar Mowrer, the well-known newspaper man, Mich ael Barkway, representative of the British Broadcasting company, and Wilson Woodside, commentator for the Canadian Broadcasting system. That morning the news had broken that Ambassador Litvinov would not return to Washington. It was learned that a virtually unknown member of the Soviet diplomatic corps, who had been their represent ative in Ottawa, was to replace the adroit Mr. Maisky, Stalin’s expert lieutenant in London. Woodside had learned, quite by accident, that a little while before the representative of Tass, the offi cial Russian news agency, who had been an active participator in the press conferences, had suddenly de parted from our midst—severing the last shadowy link with the Kremlin. A few days before, just as a rumor was circulating that the conference had agreed upon the division of Germany into separate states as one of the post-war steps, the text of a broadcast from JWoscow was printed in an American paper. It was made by the so-called Free Germany com mittee, and of course could not have voiced any views contrary to the will of Stalin. It urged that the German army be kept intact after the warl btalin a Absence Of course Stalin's absence from the conference had been widely dis cussed in Quebec. To say the least we were four very confused mem bers of press and radio, and I think our feelings were typical—two of us had covered international confer ences before. Was Russia running a competition show to the one staged on the heights of America’s Gibral tar? The shudder we shuddered and which spread out over the telegraph lines and airwaves bounced back to the walls of the Citadel where the top-men were conferring. At an eight o’clock conference that eve evening presidential secretary Ste phen Early announced that the re call of Litvinov had been known to the conferees long before it hap pened and had no influence or ef fect on the conference. Meanwhile all sorts of speculation about the effect of the absence of the Russians, the ominous “empty chair,’’ had been pouring out of Que bec. perhaps comforting if not aid ing the enemy and probably making no one happy, even Stalin. Could this and the other unfortu nate things which were written have been avoided; were we, in spite of ourselves, evil muses? I said to one of the willing but rather futile and frustrated men who were supposed to provide us with facts: if we could have just had a little guidance wouldn’t it have been better? He admitted that was true, but, he added, ‘‘When an information man asks the higher ups for informa tion they are so afraid they will say more than they ought to that we get nothing.” More than 200 press, radio and news photographers were h^re. We filled to bursting the little old Clar endon hotel, with it? narrow corri dors, its lobby turned into a tele graph office, and its modest bed rooms made into press room and broadcasting studios. Two blocks away was the spacious Chateau Frontenac, a Normandie palace with 750 bedrooms, where some 300 mili tary and technical experts were im molated. Canadian Mounted police, tough British marines and hefty Ca nadian veterans of Dieppe guarded its portals. The inmates, like us, were virtually incommunicado. When they dared take a one-day’s river trip one officer said, "it was to prevent an outbreak of claustro phobia.” Invisible Ink There is much we did not know when we arrived. There is more we still do not know of what occurred after the conferees met. History was written but it was written in invisible ink. Now some things can be told. In the first place the event was, per haps purposely, perhaps unwitting ly, played down in Washington in advance. Before I left the capital I was assured the conference would probably end about the Wednesday a week before it did. I had hoped for a quiet half-week’s vacation. But no sooner had I arrived on the Sunday preceding Roosevelt's ar rival the next Tuesday, than I saw we were all wrong. I felt sure some thing had happened when the Presi dent and the prime minister had their preliminary talk at Hyde Park. Something did, for I am sure there had been no intention of producing the parade of cabinet officers and other brass hats who kept dropping in from the skies and elsewhere one after another. But I learned that the length of the conference was planned to a "t” by the President long before it began. He knew it would last precisely as long as it did for he timed his Ottawa trip in advance so he would be back in Washington on August 20. He knew what was coming and that is why he slipped off for that fishing trip, which was just that and nothing more, ahead of the conference—it was a health measure pure and sim ple. Churchill and his midnight ci gars are something to prepare for, the wee sma’ hours are the big mo ments for this human dynamo. Then the “something" yet to be revealfed, happened. Churchill hailed his foreign minister from London and with him came not only Infor mation Minister Bracken, who played no part as an informer but nevertheless was of cabinet rank, but also the permanent head of the British foreign office, Sir Alexander Cadogan with the accent on the "dog" pronounced (though Secretary Early could never quite master it) “dug.” Of course Hull had to appear to match Eden; then another cabinet member. Secretary of War Stimson to match Bracken and then Secre tary of the Navy Knox for good measure, perhaps to give verisimili tude to the talk that the Pacific was not being neglected. Then just be fore Stalin made public his gesture of withdrawal (recalling Litvinov), T. V. Soong, Chinese foreign minis ter more or less permanently in stalled in Washington for some time past, appeared. Then there was the excuse that a big drive on Burma was in the wind. The Big Drive Meanwhile the press had blown very hot and then very cold on an immediate invasion of Europe from Britain. I don’t know whether the reports that the big smash was com ing was a part of the Allied war of nerves, but I am sure that the folks who threw cold water on it were sincere in their belief it just couldn’t be started before spring. I sat with a general whom I have known for a long time, a real soldier I in World War I as well as in this one. Here’s what he had to say: “We haven't got the men yet. We must drop bombs upon bombs. There is a lot more softening up to do." This man was on the periphery— not on the inside. I am sure that the technical experts, the officers— and we had them all, probably the greatest aggregation of military brains and real experience, too, ever assembled anywhere — they were sure. They were certain. And when the conference was over they were satisfied. As to the political side, that is an enigma and will be one as long as Russia remains one. And that she is. BRIEFS. . . by Baukhage The British colony of Fiji, once noted for cannibalism among the na tives, is granting reciprocal aid to U. S. forces stationed there to the value of almost three million dollars annually. • • • Women have been found to be men’s equals or betters in making diamond dies, the WPB has re j wealed. A heavy bomber, cruising at 250 miles an hour, burns 3 Mi gallons of gasoline every minute. • • • To continue the standard of the U. S. army as the healthiest army in the world, 7,500 additional physi cians and surgeons will be needed during the coming three months, and an additional 2,500 by January L 1044. I I Fertilizer Boosts Sugar Beet Yield Test Shows Increase Of 3.7 Tons Per Acre Farmers growing sugar beets to help fill America’s war-time needs have found that by following a few simple soil improving practices, they can increase the tonnage of beets harvested per acre. The value of such a procedure was illustrated by a series of practical farm tests conducted over a nine year period by members of the soil science department of Michigan State college. Based on average results obtained from 18 different experiments on various farms throughout the state’s sugar beet area in the nine years span, it was found that sugar beet yields were increased 3.7 tons per acre by the use of 300 pounds of 2-16-8 fertilizer. The results of the tests were described by ,J. F. Davis, assistant in soils at Michigan State college. “Calculated at the estimated price farmers will receive for their 1943 crop of beets,” said Mr. Davis, “this average increase would mean $42.33 more per acre for every grower fol lowing such practices. The cost of the fertilizer is reckoned at $5.20 per acre. Thus a return of $8.14 would be realized for every dollar spent for fertilizer. “With the limited acreage of sugar beets each individual farmer can handle in view of the present labor situation, the use of as much fer tilizer as possible to secure maxi mum production per acre should be of special significance during the present war emergency. Growers often ask: ‘How much fertilizer can be applied that will still result in a profitably increased yield?’ The answer is that while the return per dollar spent for plant food may diminish as the rate of application per acre increase, fertilizer can still be a good investment as long as the profits per acre increase. “One important factor revealed by the studies is the necessity of hav ing experiments continued for a long period of time in order to pro vide reliable information. For ex ample, if the nine-year average is taken, 300 pounds of fertilizer in creased the yield of sugar beets on the average, 3.7 tons per acre. On the other hand, if the results are based on a four-year period only, the fertilizer response was consid erably less. It is logical to assume that the reliability of results in creases with the length of time the experiments are conducted, and therefore, actually larger returns than shown by the data presented for the four-year period could be expected. “Additional advantages from ade quate fertilization of sugar beets will be found in the form of a residual effect that carries over from two to three years. The increased yields from this residual effect have been great enough to pay a considerable portion of the fertilizer applied to the preceding crop. In many cases this residual effect has been more than enough to pay the entire fer tilizer bill. All things considered, the residual effect of the fertilizer will greatly exceed the extra ex pense involved in handling the larger crop. Now, when great quan tities of beets are needed for cat tle feed, every raiser should try to increase production in every way.” This New York city girl, who is taking a special course at Converse college, Spartanburg, S. C., found cotton picking a novel experience. She quickly adopted the southern method of using both hands. Agricultural Notes It is expected that 1943 will see the total production of chicken meat in the United States nearing four billion pounds. • • • "North Carolina Echo.” Holstein Friesian cow at North Carolina State college, has produced 672 pounds of butterfat and 18,181 pounds of milk in 361 days. This is 3% times what the average dairy cow produces. r i . _ l By VIRGINIA VALE eased by Western Newspaper Union. . EURGESS MEREDITH certainly didn’t expect, when le went overseas, that he’d fird himself in a Mid lands nvarket town in Eng land that has no cinema, no railroad station, and only two streets, during part of his spare time. But there he was; it you heard “Transatlantic Call,” the British Broadcasting corpora tion-CBS program, you heard him, introducing local inhabitants who told the story ol how the war has changed their town. Its contribution LT. BURGESS MEREDITH to the war is so vast that its name can’t be mentioned. Incidentally, we hear that Meredith, Clark Gable and James Stewart may get leaves in order to make army pictures. -* Jean Pierre Aumont’s been hav ing name trouble. After his first American picture, “Assignment in Brittany,” was released, he got so many fan letters asking how to pro nounce his first name that it was decided to drop it. Then along came more letters saying that the | writers liked the triple name—so it’s as Jean Pierre Aumont that he’ll be listed in "The Cross of Lorraine.” -* Robert Walker, the sensational sailor in “Bataan” who was so good in that picture that he was cast for the second male lead in “Madame Curie” even before “Bataan” was fin ished, nearly missed his big chance. In his first test for the “Bataan” role, he played the sailor as a man of 24. Director Tay Garnett had a! heart; instead of tossing out the test he explained to Bob that the sailor was a lad in his ’teens. Another test was shot, he got the part, and before “Madame Curie” was fin ished he had the lead in “See Here, Private Hargrove.” Robert Benchley’s given up air travel for the duration. “I’m tired! of sleeping in airports,” says he. Recently he had to rush from New1 York to Hollywood for RKO’S' "The Sky’s the Limit.” In Kansas} City they gave his seat to a ferry pilot. Five hours later he got an other plane; in Dallas he was put off; reason, another ferry pilot. He spent six hours there; sat out an other five in Tucson. -* Walt Disney and Major Alexan der Seversky are making a spe cial broadcast for British Broadcast ing company's Home Service in England on September 20. Rehears ing for it at the New York studios, Disney explained that Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and the other pet Disney characters can’t just be funny any more; they must work to help win the war. -X Metro feels that linking up Mar lene Dietrich for the feminine co starring lead opposite Ronald Col man in “Kismet” is one of the most important casting assignments of the year. She’ll play Zuleika, harem queen, sweetheart of Haji, beggar. ' K /r “The Uninvited” is laid in Devon shire, so English accents are re quired of the players. Ruth Hus sey, born in Providence, does fine. So does Gail Russell, who hails from Santa Monica. Ray Milland’s hav ing a bad time; he was bom in Wales and went to Kings college, but he’s been expensed to Holly wood for seven years. Of MILK SAVERS 10 useSECURITY SLOP FEEDL and I'm qaimnq u/eiqhi evert/day!I Milk slop* are scarce and I hard to buy. Try Security I Food Slop. No acarcity — I guaranteed. 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