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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 26, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS ^ ^ X. ~* Southwest Pacific Campaigns Unfold With Decisive Victories Against Japs; Allied Chiefs Confer for Sixth Time; WPB: ‘Essential Civilian Goods Only* (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions arc expressed In tbeo» caimans. they are those el Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and nst neeeaaarily of this nowopaper.l ______________ Released by Western Newspaper Union. - From left to right, MaJ. Gen. Geoffrey Keyes, Gen. Bernard L. Montgomery and Lieut. Gen. George S. Patton study a huge map of Sicily at the royal palace in Palermo, the Island's No. 1 metropolis on the shore of the Tyrrhenian sea, which was captured by American doughboys. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: *Victory Sure’ The Allies’ Solomons and New Guinea campaign unfolded in a vie % Gen. MncArUinr tonous pattern: Munda lay stormed. Allied troops beat their way through the thick jungle fo liage toward Sala maua. The big guns of Amer ica's fleet bat tered at the en emy’s faltering supply line. Rang ing U. S. airmen gave heartened ground troops as sistance by machine gunning and bombing the Nips in low level attacks. From his headquarters in the Southwest Pacific, Gen. Douglas Mac Arthur declared: "The margin was close, but it was conclusive. "Although for many reasons our victories may have lacked in glam orous locus, they have been de cisive in the final result in the Pacific. "I make no predictions as to the time and detail, but Japan, on the Pacific fronts, has exhausted the fullest resources of the concentrat ed attack of which she was capable." SICILY: Few Left After one month of fighting, three German divisions stood behind in Sicily for a suicidal rearguard action against the overwhelming air and ground superiority of the Allies. As the campaign neared its finale, the Rome radio announced that all Ital ian troops had been pulled out of the embattled island. With the bulk of the Allies’ 10 divi sions bearing down through the sloping valley below Mt. Etna to encompass the last two important communication lines running north and south, and with fleets of bomb ers pulverizing important Axis con centration centers, the ring around the enemy was drawn tighter. Hewn into the rugged country, German strongholds put up a bitter, last-ditch fight against the advanc ing Allies, machine-gunning and throwing mortar fire at Allied troops picking their way slowly up the open, craggy hills. Wherever they fell back, the Germans w»r» dyna miting the hill or mountain sides to block off the roads. DADS’ DRAFT: Congress May Act Congressional action to settle the controversial question of the induc tion of fathers loomed with the an nouncement of Representative An drew J. May that he would intro duce a bill prohibiting the drafting of dads when the legislators recon vene September 14. Importance of the development lay in the fact that May is chairman of the military affairs committee, on which the house relies for judgment In army matters. May said that with 10 million men already under arms and with 80.000 18-year-olds be ing inducted each month, the army is of sufficient size. HOME FRONT: Essential Goods Only Limited supplies of carbon and al loy steel, copper and aluminum pre clude the possibility of an increase in less essential civilian goods, the War Production board announced. To keep production schedules geared to available supplies, WPB said, it was necessary to reduce requests of the military, civilian, lend-lease and other claimant agen cies by 13 per cent for the third quar ter. The services' demands for carbon steel were pared by 9 per cent, and all others’ requests by 17 per cent. Because of manpower shortages, the situation in copper is particularly tight, it was reported. At the present time, the govern ment is conducting a survey to de termine the inventory of civilian goods, and it is expected that any future requests for critical material for such goods would be considered on the basis of available supplies. ALLIED CHIEFS: Important Meet With world events moving in a swift and momentous current, stoop snuujuerea, iwui kle-eyed Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain bridged the Atlantic to ar rive on the North American conti nent for his sixth meeting with President Frank lin D. Roosevelt. As the two lead ers sat down at ** ****»•■■■■■■■■ the same table Winston Churchill for the most Important of their con ferences to date, Sicily lay beaten, Mussolini had given way to a mili tary government in Italy, rumors were rife that the army was assum ing direction in Germany, and Japan was making an effort to bring Rus sia and the Nazis together in Europe with a sacrifice of some of her own territory in Manchuria or Siberia. The urgency of opening another front in Europe, of extending opera tions in the Pacific where General MacArthur’s army was pushing the Japs from their island strongholds, were among the military questions under intense consideration. RUSSIA: Drive on Kharkov With Orel and Belgorod at their backs, Russia's surging armies closed in.on the once-great indus trial metropolis of Kharkov. All along the southern front, German troops fell back before the long, powerful arms of Red pincers could firmly entrap and destroy them. Once known as the "Pittsburgh” of Russia, Kharkov, like Stalingrad, lay in ruins, a gaunt ghost of the once-busy industrial center which turned out steel and armament for the Red armies. Occupied by the Germans early in the war, it was recaptured by Russia, only to be lost this spring. After the capture of Orel, the Reds secured use of a rail line running south from Moscow through Belgo rod to a point about 30 miles west of Kharkov. This gives them better communication in their rear. HIGHLIGHTS • • • in the week’• new§ RUSSIAN OIL: Pay rates of Rus sian oil field and refinery workers have been raised to stimulate pro duction, says a dispatch from Mos •cow. Basic wages will now be rat ed on nine levels, two new ones for specialists having been added. Com mentators believe that the new oil industry scale is the first step toward greater recognition of experienced, valuable workers. COFFEE PLASTIC: Thousands of articles, from radio cabinets to air plane wings, can be made of a new plastic derived from coffee, says Dr. Argeu Guimaraes, new consul from Brazil. The' new substance, still in the experimental stage, is called "cafelite.'’ The consul believes that a great new market will be opened for coffee, eae ef Brazil’s principal crops. SOMEBODY ELSE PAYS! This is one time the woman doesn’t pay and pay! An unemployed 39-year-old Tex an wrote the war department’s office of dependency benefits, ask ing If he could apply for a family allowance on the basis of his wife’s service as a WAC. From the looks of things, the gent will have to get a Job after all, for the army’s answer left no room for doubt or argumentr it was a very positive “NO!” Beginning September 1, when the WACs officially become a part of the army, they may apply for family allowances for dependent children, mothers, fathers, broth ers, sisters and other specified relatives—but not for husbands! NORMANDIE: Right Side Up With high tide in, the great hull of the former French luxury liner, Normandie, heaved gently and came to rest at a 49 degree angle in the New York dock, where she had cap sized 18 months ago after a disas trous fire. Within i the huge hull, 50,000 gal lons of water still remained, half of the 100,000 gallons which had filled the hold when 95 pumps first began emptying the stricken vessel. To President Roosevelt, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia of New York gave ma jor credit for the salvage job, declar ing that the President as an ama teur seaman offered a suggestion for the most efficient concentration of the pumps fdr drawing the water. At the time the Normandie, re named the USS Lafayette, fell over on her side to come to rest at a 79 degree angle, the navy was com pleting work on her reconstruction as a troopship, with the cost esti mated at $20,000,000. Salvage op erations already have exceeded $3,000,000 and an additional $750,000 will be required for refitting the hull. When originally built, the Normandie cost $59,000,000. MEAT: Sees More Supplies Beet production will rise 20 per cent in the last half of 1943 and pork output will increase 10 per cent, Wesley Hardenbergh, president of the American Meat institute, esti mated. As a whole, there should be a 17 per cent boost in meat supply. During the fiscal year which be gan last July 1, meat consumption should total 14 billion, 700 million pounds, Hardenbergh said. Two out of every three pounds will be avail able to civilians. During the first seven months of 1943, the department of agriculture announced that 35,324,248 hogs had been slaughtered against 30,812,661 in the same period last year; 5,827,659 cattle had been butchered against 6,805,660; and 11,379,504 sheep and lambs had been killed against 10, 917,738. AGRICULTURE: Income Soars Farm income for the first half of 1943 totaled $8,202,000,000 against $6,215,000,000 last year, the depart ment of agriculture reported. Mar keting of a large part of the record crops of last year contributed to the big upturn, the department said. Cash receipts from crops during the first half of 1943 topped last year’s receipts by 45 per cent, while income from livestock and livestock products showed a 31 per cent in crease. Of the total income in the first half, government payments account ed for $400,000,000. This compared with last year’s payments of $431, 000,000. Farmers on Own Declaring “This country is too broad, too far flung, too varied in ■ its production to have the work done by direc tives in Washing ton,” War Food Administrato r Marvin Jones called upon the farmers and stockmen of America for a voluntary effort to reach the na tion's food goals. Marvin Jones Previously, Jones had announced that the government plans no 1944 crop controls, except on tobacco, no acreage allotments, no marketing quotas and no benefit payments for compliance with control. In the hands of state, county and commu nity organizations will lie the de velopment of the production pro gram, Jones said. “While we may not have as great a choice of foods as we have been accustomed to heretofore,” Jones said, "I have no doubt that the ci vilian population of this country will have a sufficient amount of good, wholesome food." TAX REPORTS: In an effort to simplify federal tax reports, the treasury has undertaken a special study of tax laws. Officials stated that reports may not be re quired of some classes of taxpayers, if the burden of paper’work can be reduced without loss of revenue. No matter what results from the investigation, however, there will be no immediate change in regulations, officials pointed out. Approximate ly 15 million income tax payers will have to file an estimate of 1943 in come on September 15. I ——....I I ■ —^ __ -■ I ■.■■■! ■■ Definite Foreign Policy Essential to America The Issue: Shall Nation Adopt Policy of Participation in World Affairs or Shall We Aim at Nationalistic Goal? By BAUKHAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Today America faces its first real problem as a world power. Italy lies before us. General Eis enhower, as commander of the Al lied forces of invasion, suddenly be comes a statesman. He is a soldier. He can win battles. Now, he is the man ultimately responsible for di recting American world policy. What is American world policy? Eisenhower is firm in his deci sions, certain in his own procedure, because he is responsible only to his Commander-in-Chief. But who is his Commander-in Chief? Roosevelt. A man who may suddenly leave the scene in the midst of battle, if the American pub lic so decrees. And then? Has America any firm foreign policy, unfettered by parti san political restriction, a clear marked path that a fighting man or any other man can follow? In a few short weeks from now, a group of busy, hard-pressed men are going to sit down on Mackinac is land and try'to write what Ameri can foreign policy they think ought to be sponsored by the Republican party. • These men have to face the ques tion of committing the Republican party to a definite foreign policy. And paradoxically, by committing their party to a definite foreign poli cy, they may free both political par ties of all commitment on foreign policy. For if the Democrats frame similar resolutions, they can save America from a vicious split—one which, if it is not avoided, will crash party lines and can destroy the two party system, the rock of our de mocracy. The issue which America faces is simple: shall we, as a nation, under write a policy which will implement our participation in world affairs or shall we retire unto ourselves and pursue the nationalistic policy which says in effect: let the rest of the world stew in its own juice? Until we took the Philippines, America was able to leave the great and*vital problems which should have no political tinge, outside par tisan politics. We have had other problems which have remained es sentially non-partisan. The Problems Take labor. A vital question. But has labor ever voted solidly for one ticket or the other? No. The AFL will cast its traditional Republican votes in the coming election as it al ways has. Some of the CIO mem bers will vote to support the admin istration. Others will vote as they darn please. Slavery—really a labor question. That did nearly wreck the republic because it was made a partisan issue when it was not an issue at all! Many of the influential southern ers were just as ready to free their slaves as the rabid abolitionists, heated with emotional fervor, failing to grasp the economic significance, were to force them to. Again, unless a cold, calm discus sion and understanding of the ques tion of foreign policy takes place, we may face another split which, although it need not mean civil war, may mean a horrid dislocation of our whole political system. When we went into World War II after Pearl Harbor, the word "iso lationism” was forgotten. Today it has come back into our vocabula ries and is being batted about, like other political footballs, by people who really don’t understand its im plications and are woefully ignorant of what dissension it may cause. Politicians want to overlook it. They can't. This group of Repub licans, headed by Deneen Watson, and a whole flying squadron of Dem ocrats, too, are insistent that they be allowed to "let the people know.” They are going to speak their pieces. And the only hope of lifting this discussion out of partisan poli tics is a "settlement out of court,” an agreement by both parties on a single foreign policy. Let’s get back to that hot and per spiring day in Washington late last month when Deneen Watson and his colleagues from this self-appoint ed Republican organization, the Re publican “foreign policy associa tion,” walked across quiet Lafayette park opposite the White House and presented themselves to Chairman Spangler of the Republican national committee. Results of Session It was some time before the re sults of this meeting between Wat son and his colleagues and Chair man Spangler of the Republican na tional committee leaked out. Those with an anti-Republican slant, wove the words dropped into a threat ened split in the Republican party, a drive to nominate Wendell Willkie ! for president. To the person jvho tried to be ob jective, it was neither. Mr. Spangler has one job—to keep the party together, to eschew any favoritism for any policy or any per son. Naturally, these persistent per sons who called upon him were pre senting a problem. I believe it was that fact rather than what his critics said that indicated there was a lean ing toward the “status quo” atti tude, the desire to remain a pur veyor of platitudes and follow the tide rather than to face it. This issue—full participation in world affairs versus a return to na tionalism or isolationism, if you will —is, according to our most earnest non-partisans, the most important issue which has faced the public and should not be a political football. Briefly, what the men with their sleeves rolled up at Mackinac in September have to face is this: shall we, good Republicans, come out frankly for world-co-operation or dodge the issue? What the Watson association de mands is more than that and some thing the Republican national com mittee must face: will the party offi cially get behind a nation-wide cam paign to “educate” the people on the international issue? Unfortunately, personalities do get mixed up in these things and Wen dell Willkie has become the symbol of the international view. That is why it is essential, if the party is to take the issue out of partisan politics and disassociate it from any of the individuals aspiring for the Republican candidacy, that they must go on record. The Monroe Doctrine Walter Lippmann has written a book called “American Foreign Pol icy” and the point he makes is this: until 1900, politics did stop at the water’s edge. We had a foreign policy (or thought we did) which was the Monroe Doctrine. Accord ing to Lippmann, we were living under a delusion. Namely, that we had under the Monroe Doctrine de clared our whole policy—America for Americans (period) which im plied, of course, that the rest of the world could do what it pleased so long as it kept off our grass. We believed that we could en force that policy ourselves. That was not correct. We were really depending on the British fleet to en force it. It happened to be to Brit ish advantage to agree, so there was no trouble. Then we mixed in world affairs, found we had to fight our own bat tles, and did it—took over Hawaii, the Philippines. But we didn't pro vide the means to hold them. And so, disagreeing on the various steps necessary to carry out our foreign policy, we failed to provide the means to do so—Britain was busy elsewhere, and one morning we lost the Philippines and came within an eyelash of losing Hawaii. And so we now face the necessity of framing a new foreign policy which must include the willingness to provide security for our own shores and those other contiguous shores (South America and Canada) which might be used by an enemy against us. Or we have to take part in prophylactic measures—to stop the danger to our security in advance. That issue once clarified by the two political parties will leave us free for a good, old-fashioned free for-all political campaign, and if the best man wins, or the worst man wins, his policies can't affect the international welfare of the nation. Failure of both parties to clearly set forth their views on foreign poli cy may well create a third party movement which could wreck the two-party system, the rock on which our Republic is founded. • BRIEFS. . . by Baukhage Awards amounting to $1,000,000 will be given to Chinese inventors for the promotion of science and technology for successful research on products vital to the national de fense. • • • I Corn cannot be used for manu facture of distilled spirits and high wines, a recent directive of the War ; Production board says. The season when the largest sup plies of poultry are on the market will probably begin in September and October. • • • Christmas packages may be mailed to American soldiers over seas without a request from the soldier, from September 15 to Octo ber 15, the war department has an nounced. Released by Western Newspaper Union. PATCH TEST Ft)R TUBERCULOSIS Parents do not like the idea of <any test that means puncturing the child’s skin with a hypodermic nee dle. Needless to say, the child dis ml » mamma Dr. Barton likes the idea even more. However, the parents realize that it is important to learn if their young ster is of the type likely to develop tu berculosis, so that methods to prevent this may be imme diately used. For years what is known as the patch test on the skin was used, which meant that tuberculin was placed on the , skin and a patch of adhesive tape j placed over it. This was considered a reliable test but what is called the Mantoux test, where hypodermic j needle injects tuberculin under the skin, is now in more general use. j In an effort to test the value of the patch test. Dr. Henry A. Reis man, Jamaica, N. Y., and Maurice Grozin, Flushing, New York, used it in 1,000 patients attending a hos pital clinic. All were given both the patch and the Mantoux tests. The results were recorded in the Ameri can Journal of Diseases of Children. The patch test consists of mois tening a piece of paper toweling with tuberculin, allowing it to dry. This piece of paper is placed on a small square of adhesive tape and then ap plied to the skin with paper mois tened with tuberculin next to the skin. This is allowed to remain for one or two days. If the test is posi tive (child more likely to develop tuberculosis) the skin is red, with little raised blisters which may break down. In the Mantoux test the skin will likewise be greatly reddened if child is positive. Drs. Reisman and Grozin state that the patch test has the following advantages. 1. It is painless and does not frighten the child. 2. It re quires no boring, puncturing, scratching or rubbing of skin. 3. It requires no needles or syringes. 4. There are no instruments to steri lize. 5. There is no danger of in fection. 6. There is less risk of dam aging the tissues. 7. There is no fear of a reaction where patch is ap plied or any shock to the system. 8. Technic of the method is simple. 9. The size of the reaction will be no larger than surface of skin covered by adhesive tape. • • * Fever May Indicate Infection Is Present The cause of any rise in tempera ture may be due to some functional disturbance, some natural or harm less condition such as a stomach up set—or to some infection in the body. How can the physician tell if the rise in temperature is due to some natural or harmless disturbance or to infection? In the Wisconsin Medical Journal, Dr. Max J. Fox, Milwaukee,, states that persistent low grade fever or rise in temperature occasionally fol lows some infection for some time. If this rise in temperature is pro longed for two or more weeks after the infection has passed, what is called the pyrexia (high tempera ture) test should first be tried to find out the causes. The temperature in children seems to go up and down readily without apparent cause, and chil dren in whom the rise in tempera ture is due to some functional or natural condition, not to infection, should be allowed to be on their feet. The pyrexia test is as follows: The patient is given a series of four 3-5 grain doses of one of the coal tar products—acetyl salicylic acid, antipyrin, acetanilid or others—at four-hour intervals and the tempera ture is recorded every two hours. The usual effect is a fall in tempera ture in two hours after each dose and a rise by the end of four hours. The patient is then given no drug for 24 hours, to allow the drug to get out of system, and is then given a sleeping or quieting drug. • The temperature is recorded every two hours for the following 24 hours. If the temperature is normal or below normal for 10 to 18 hours, it is as sumed that the fever is not due to infection and the patient is allowed to go about his usual work or ac tivities. This is a simple method of finding out whether or not any infection is present. If present, child remains in bed and does not spread infectjon. If no infection is present, the child can return to school safely. • * • QUESTION BOX * —— Q.—What would cause lumps to appear in back of the ear? A.—Little lumps behind ear may be enlarged glands due to a scratch or sore higher up on the head. Q._What causes nervous indiges tion? A.—Most eases of nervous indi gestion are due to nervousness and emotional disturbances. Vour physi cian can arrange for an X-ray ex amination and learn if any organic > condition is present. By VIRGINIA VALE Released by Western Newspaper ITnian. A NOVEL contribution to Hollywood’s and radio’s war efforts is the “Sew and Sew” club, headed by Penny Singleton, who’s “Blondie” of the air and the screen. Penny organized the club to perform emer gency sewing jobs on servicemen’s uniforms, ranging from simple re pairs to alterations. She has enlist ed some of Hollywood’s outstanding movie and radio luminaries as members of her unique organiza PENNY SINGLETON tion. And anyone who encounter* thousands of servicemen on leave in a strange city will realize how valuable it is. -* Joe Howard, perhaps the oldest performer in radio, is still one of the most successful, judging by a deal that he recently completed. Joe, singing troubador of the “Gay Nine ties Revue,” over CBS Monday nights, sold Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer the film rights to “The Time, the Place and the Girl,” a hit musical which he wrote and produced sev eral decades ago. -* On Jnly 18 Dick Haymes made his debut on the air's “Here’s to Romance.” July 19 he made screen tests. At one o’clock on the 26th, 20th Century-Fox executives looked at the tests—and at 4:30 Haymes signed a contract to make two films a year for the next seven years. Three months ago he was singing with Tommy Dorsey’s band. -* Hollywood’s oddest summer school is composed of four students—Bon ita Granville, Anne Shirley, Kent Smith and Rita Corday. They study Chinese. Their teacher is Edward Dmytryk; he’s the director who, fol lowing his success with "Hitler’* Children,” was signed to direct RKO’s “Behind the Rising Sun.” He began studying Chinese some years ago. -* Lou Crosby, radio announcer, will make his film debut as a Nazi sol dier captured by Russian guerrillas in “One Hour of Glory,” Casey Rob inson production for RKO. Announc er for the Lum ’n Abner program, Crosby has one of radio's best speaking voices. -* Most radio executives think that summer radio fare should be light and frothy to succeed, but the latest survey figures indicate that the pub lic doesn’t agree. “Screen Guild Players,” Monday night CBS dra matic series that stars Hollywood’s top names, leads all the others In listener popularity, according to Hooper and Crossley survey figures. This is the program on which none of the actors and actresses are paid; the money they would ordinarily re ceive goes to the Screen Actors guild, to aid indigent movie people. -* Betty Rhodes has begun making her second Personal Album for OWL These albums contain record ings of songs and informal talks and are sent to Alaska, Ireland, Africa— wherever American troops are sta tioned at a great distance from home. The singing star recently fin ished the feminine lead in a musical comedy called “Salute for Three.” -& Kate Smith, in her 13th year as a radio star, has signed a new three year contract. Her contracts are unique in that they’re always for three years, and the options fall due at the end cf each season, when the old one sti’l has two years to run. Cecil Brown has no crystal hali but on May 20 the news broadcaster said “The Italians might pop up with a chastened Count Ciano, or Dino Grande ... or a Marshal Badoglio with new-found courage.” Just two months and five days early! -* ODDS AND ENDS—F.lla Mae Morse, singer on the Johnny Mercer program, uas dickering with two film companies while a third dickered for the use of Ella Mae's four-months-old baby in a movie . . . Feodor Chaliapin, son of the famous Russian singer, will play a Rus sian soldier in United Artists’ “The Girl From Leningrad" . . . Neil Hamilton, old-timer of the movies, is staging a comeback; the first step will be the role of the husband in “Since You Went Away" . . . Thelma Schnee, one of the most brilliant young actre.vses of the /Veto York stage, has joined the cast of NliCs Snow f Mage,” the serial laid in rural NeUi England.
