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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Aug. 19, 1943)
WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS FDR Favors Higher Taxes to Restrict Size of Public Debt, Defeat Inflation; Russia Continues Steam Roller Attack; Unconditional Surrender: Allied Terms (EDITOR’S NOTE-: When opinions are expressed In these columns, they are these of Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and net necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. - ■ - TAXES: More in War Economy Higher taxes—that, in short. Is President Roosevelt’s recipe for off setting the tremendous federal war time expenditure and at the same time heading off inflation. Said the President: The govern ment will spend 106 billion dollars during the next year. The public debt is expected to increase by 69 billion to 206 billion dollars by June, 1944. The national income should ap proximate 150 billion dollars for the year. But the manufacture of civil ian goods has been sharply reduced, thus leaving the public with large amounts of surplus money with which to bid up prices for smaller supplies. Hence the President’s conclusion: More taxes with which to meet cur rent expenditure and restrict the size of the mounting public debt, and with which to mop up excess infla tionary buying power. 6 Billion at Most President Roosevelt’s call for in creased taxes was met by Sen. Wal Senator George ter F. George s prediction that the most that could be expect ed to be raised was 5 or 6 billion dollars. The influential chairman of the senate finance committee. Sen ator George, said of tye 9 or 6 bil lion dollars, about 60 per cent will have to be ob tamed from individual taxpayers. The rest could be gotten by raising the corporate normal and surtax rate and broadening the federal tax on goods. Declaring the U. S. stands to col lect 35 billion dollars under present rates, George said any increases in individual rates would bear most with low or moderate fixed incomes. RUSSIA: At the City's Gates Russia's steam-rolling attack on Orel continued to meet heavy resist ance even as the Red columns bore into the suburbs of the big Nazi base. As the Russians’ pressure in creased, long lines of German troops were seen withdrawing westward toward the secondary Nazi hub of Bryansk. Slugging matches raged all along the winding 1,200 mile front. The Reds attacked heavily south of Len ingrad in an effort to widen the cor ridor leading to the besieged city; both sides fought to a standstill in the Donets basin, and the Russians stabbed stiffly at the Nazis' foothold along the Black sea at Novorosissk. Principal action of the summer centered at Orel. Here, the Rus sians, with masses of infantry fol lowing up in the echo of thunderous artillery fire and chugging tank at tacks, jabbed deeper and deeper into German defenses, until they ^tood at the gates of the city itself. RIOTS: Stveep Harlem Allegedly interfering with the ar rest of a Negro woman in the lobby of a New York hotel, a colored soldier was shot by a police offi cer. While the wounded man was being re moved to a hos pital, a crowd col lected. Wild ru mors began to circulate, a pop bottle was thrown, and the worst riot since 1935 in America’s largest city was set off. Fiorello LaGuardia Negroes stormed through Har- \ letn's business districts. Plate glass windows were smashed; stores were looted; crumpled merchandise lit tered the streets. Six thousand po licemen aided by 1,500 wartime aux iliaries were called to restore order. In imposing a 10:30 p. m. curfew. Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia moaned: “Shame has come to our city.” Five Negroes were killed and 543 persons were injured.* More than 600 arrests were made. Property damage was estimated at 5 million dollars. MISCELLANY: CHINA: Lin Sen, 81-year-old pres ident of China, died after a long ill ness. Gen. Chiang Kai-shek has been named acting president. • • • FOOD: Food output this year will be about 4 per cent higher than last year, according to department of agriculture estimates. About three fourths of the supply has been set aside for civilians. ITALY: Allied Terms When Benito Mussolini’s govern ment fell, one of the requisite con ditions for an Allied treatment with Italy for peace was established. To Marshall Pietro Badoglio, Italy’s first soldier, was given the charge of a new military regime. The hectic days following Musso lini’s fall saw a diplomatic stew. Axis sources declared that Badog lio's assumption of power was a per fectly natural evolution since what was more appropriate for a country faced with invasion than to concen trate all action in the hands of a military commander? Meanwhile diplomatic skirmishing indicated proposals from the Allies. The Allies laid down these terms for peace: 1. Cessation of resist ance; 2. An end of collaboration with Germany; 3. Withdrawal of Italian troops from Greece, Al bania and Jugoslavia; 4. Surrender of war materials undamaged; 5. Es tablishment of an Anglo-American Soviet military government of occu pation; 6. Arrest of war criminals; and 7. Release of aU Allied prison ers of war in Italy. Decisive Action Viewing the campaign in Sicily, military authorities might well credit the Americans of Gen. George S. Patton’s command and the Cana dians under Gen. Bernard Montgom ery with decisive action in the final phase of the fighting. With Montgomery’s British forces stalled before strong Axis positions in the Cfltanian plains to the south east of the defensive triangle, roar ing artillery covered General Pat ton’s Seventh army’s cautious ad vance over barren hills in the face of mortar fire from enemy sheltered in trenches and caves. Capturing MaJ.-Gen. O. O. Slmonds, com manding the First Canadian divi sion, wades ashore during opera tions in Sicily. Troina, the Americans cut the sup ply road linking the Axis’ right flank with their left and bending the whole enemy line in this sector toward the sea. Farther to the south, Canadians broke through the Axis stronghold of Regalbuto, thus menacing the enemy’s whole Catanian line from the rear. The advance also put the Canadians within sight of the supply road rimming towering Mt. Etna, along whose slopes the Axis have entrenched themselves. SOUTHWEST PACIFIC: Tanks in Jungles Brought into the fight after air craft had failed to reduce sufficient ly strongholds the Japs had hewed in the jungle. 13-ton tanks led the Americans’ drive on Munda in the Solomons. Unable to detect the Japs' posi tions through the dense brush and foliage, aircraft were compelled to drop their bombs over a wide area, hoping that a heavy tonnage would land on some defenses. But when ever the infantry attempted to ad vance after the barrage, it met stiff enemy machine gun and mortar fire from the concealed pill-boxes. Then the tanks were flung into the battle. Grinding their way through the thick growth, they drew the fire of the hidden enemy. Following the course of the gun-fire, the tank crews discovered the Japs' strong points and then blasted them at point blank range. By such tactics, they grad ually overran stubborn centers of resistance as the drive approached the encircled Jap base. WOOLENS: Army Buys Less The army quartermaster corps will purchase about 50 per cent less wool and worsted products for the remainder of the year, and will de fer buying these goods until the first four months of next year, according to the War Production board. This change in plans will immedi ately release about 10 million yards of material for civilian needs to be made Into blankets, coats, macki naws and winter clothing. DRAFT: Call Dads Oct. 1 Fathers 18 to 37 years of age who are not “key" men in agriculture and industry will be inducted into service starting October 1. Ac-1 cording to the War Manpower commission, they will be called in \ their draft order numbers, regard-1 less of the num ber of their chil dren. The WMC’s an nouncement of the forthcoming draft of dads drew an immedi Burtan K. Wheeler ate promise from Sen. Burton K. Wheeler that he would press for passage of his bill postponing the induction of fathers until January 1 when congress reconvenes Septem ber 14. According to the WMC, fathers will be called only when draft boards run out of men in the other classifications. Some boards are ex pected to be faced with that predic ament by October 1, others are not, thus delaying the induction of dads in their districts beyond the date. Approximately 875,000 childless married mfcn are to be called by Oc tober 1. 780 Miles Per Hour! Last September, 38-year-old Lieut. Col. Cass S. Hough of Plymouth, Mich., took his P-38 Lockheed Lightning fighter plane 43,000 feet in the air. Then Colonel Hough coolly nosed the plane into a power dive, and down it roared, cutting through the wind before It, at 780 miles per hour before being lev eled off at 18,000 feet. But last February, Colonel Hough decided to crowd two thrills into a lifetime. This time, he took a P-47 Thunderbolt 39,000 feet up and again plunged it into a whining power-dive, straighten ing out once more at 18,000 feet. Technical director of the 8th , American fighter command, Colo nel Hough undertook the two flights to obtain scientific infor mation for assisting fighter pilots. For his services the European commander of fighter planes dec orated him with the Distinguished Flying Cross. In private life vice president of the Daisy Air Rifle Manufacturing company. Colonel Hongh is married and has two children. PRODUCTION: 7,000 Planes a Month Thirty-four years ago, congress appropriated $25,000 for the army to purchase its first airplane—a Wright brothers 1909 model Cl craft, with a wing span of 48 feet 6V4 inches and a four-cylinder, 28-horsepower motor. Capable of flying 32 miles per hour, the plane could stay in the air 2 hours and 19 minutes. Today, American aircraft produc tion averages 1,000 planes a month, with the army air forces receiving 4,500 of the total of sleek, high powered craft. Since the attack on Pearl Harbor, 13,132 planes have been delivered to the army, and up to June 30, 1943, 40 billion dollars was allotted to the air forces. Against America’s record produc tion, it was estimated that the Axis puts out 4,000 planes monthly. Of this total, Germany makes 2,200, Ja pan 1,200 and Italy 600. BERLIN :* Ordered Evacuated With Germany’s great industrial port of Hamburg laying in ruins, With 8,000 of its people killed and 259 of its facto ries demolished, Paul Joseph Goeb bels ordered all residents of Ber lin not engaged in essential war work to leave the city. TTie Nazis made no effort to mini mize the destruc tion in Hamburg. Besides the vast number killed, it Paul Goebbels was reported an additional 4,000 were missing and 18,000 were in jured. Along with industrial instal lations. large residential areas were wiped out, it was said, and others were badly mauled. In ordering the evacuation ^>f Ber lin, Goebbels instructed residents with relations in other parts of Ger many to make use of such accom modations, while those who could not were told to apply to the gov ernment for housing facilities. Ac cording to reports, the Nazis pre pared for mass evacuation several months ago, laying up stores at cen tral points throughout inner Ger many. SHIPS: U. S. Transfers Vessels Speaking before the house of com mons, Prime Minister Winston Churchill revealed thaj the United States was turning over from 15 to 20 cargo vessels a month to the Brit ish merchant marine. In making the announcement, Churchill quoted from a letter of President Roosevelt’s, ia which he said the transfers were being made in order to employ Britain's surplus of trained seamen. Geography Is Factor in Determining War's End Road to Tokyo Both Long and Rough; Pacific Remains Studded With Well-Fortified Japanese Strongholds. By BAUKHAGE New* Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Ublon Trust Building, Washington. D. C. No victory over Japan before 1949? When „that sentiment was broad cast from Washington by Vice Ad miral Horne under the aegis of Sec retary Knox, a good many eyebrows were raised here in the capital. Of course, it is fully realized here that once the American people think the war is in the bag, they will be ready to resume the plowshare and the pen as simple citizens again, not as dol lar-a-year men or munitions work ers or victory gardeners or ration ers or any of the other things we don’t like. So Washington can’t af ford to be overoptimlstic. But 1949 is a long, long way off. When Admiral Halsey finally ad mitted that the capture of the im portant air base of Munda yas “within reach,” it looked like an other easy victory scored and that Tokyo ought to tremble. About Distances But how much nearer are we to Tokyo? Get a map of Asia, includ ing the Solomon Islands and if you can identify the little specks which are Guadalcanal where our main base lies, and Rabaul, our objec tive, note the distance between, and then see how much farther it is to Tokyo. It’s as far as from New York to Casablanca. And there is a lot of difference between the two roads. When we sent our troops over the Atlantic to Africa, it was pretty nearly our pond —there wasn’t an Axis base en route. The Pacific is studded with Japanese bases. There are two powerful Jap strongholds, much better protected than Munda right in the Solomon Islands, on Bougainville island and Rabaul, the hub of the Japs’ empire in the Southwest. Beyond, over a long stretch of water, is the little island of Truk, said to be the main Jap naval base in the Pacific. From New Britain, where Rabaul is located, it is 690 miles to Tokyo— further than from Tunisia to the northern tip of Norway. In order to realize why we are still so far away from our objective in the Pacific war, we have to con sider what it took to get as far as we have already gone. It took six months, some terribly gruelling fighting, and many lives, to capture the little island of Guadalcanal. It took another five months before the Allies were ready to start their sec ond offensive movement with the final capture of Rabaul as the ob jective. Progress at this rate and with this type of island-to-island ad vance is taken for granted by those who put 1949 as the date when Japan will be vanquished. Defensive Action It took MacArthur approximately as long to turn back the Japs on New Guinea, fighting to reach Port Moresby, and to capture their key point of Buna, so they could move on Salamaua and Lae driving the enemy out foot by foot from these pretty much isolated points. The flghfing, up until the drive be ginning with the capture of Rendova on June 30, has been nothing more than offensive-defensive. Before that the effort, and a successful one, was to keep the Japs from attacking Australia from Port Moresby, from seizing the Solomons and making the Australian east coast vulnerable and to save the life line of men and supplies moving from America to Australia. Only now, summer 1943, are we really taking offensive action in the Southwest Pacific and, as I said, if you look at a mop of Asia which shows all of the territory held by the Japanese, you will see that what we have won since our offensive really began is a very thin sliver, geographically speaking. In enemy effectives destroyed, it has been I larger in proportion, but the navy j men in Washington who talk about 1949 speak with a conservative geo graphical accent. Diary of a Broadcaster Isn’t it awfully dull in Washington with congress gone home and every thing closed up? If you think so, you are dreaming » midsummer night’s dream. When I arise and start down toward Pennsylvania avenue, I note *__ the little spring cat which has joined its maltese mother and its tiger (per haps) father. Is it going limp with boredom? It is not. It prepares its toilet with the same tongue-weary ing energy that it did when con gress was in session. That is just an example. The buses are just as crowded. Tele phone numbers as hard to get. Laundry lingers as long among the launderers. Pants pant for press ing. Recently I tried four leading ho tels before I could reserve places for lunch. One of them was not air cooled. “I am ordinarily a two suit guy,” said a newspaper man to me the other day when Donald Nelson was complaining about the heavy buying of clothes, “but if I didn’t have four suits now. I’d go to work unpressed and uncleaned or in a barrel.” • • * ‘The Little Prince’ You recall I reviewed “The Little Prince” by Antoine de Saint Exupery in this column some time ago. I have had many letters con cerning the author whom I said was at the front. Recently Leonard Lyons, New York columnist, reported that the aviator-author, who is back on the fighting line again although he is 43 years old, wrote to his American translator: “After seeing the fighting men and the mighty armaments, I realize that I must come to Africa to ap preciate America.” He was spared, after the fall of France, "to fight again.” Let us hope he will be spared, when she rises, to write again. • • * Food Program It was a cooler and more peaceful day than many which had preceded it in Washington. The President was in a genial mood when he met the press and radio representatives. The administration, he said, is working on a new food program. A few days before, I talked with a member of the administration who said to me: “Frankly, if we have a food program, I can’t fmd it.” And he was very anxious to locate it be cause a lot of his friends had been asking . . . The President, at the conference I referred to, explained that he’d be tickled to death if anyone would ex plain to him how he could reduce prices in accordance with the sta bilization under the present limita tions set by congress. A little bit later, I heard it said flatly: “We’ve got to increase prices if we expect the farmers to raise enough food to meet the present goals.” Now, Howard Tolley, chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, (whose business it is to figure out what is needed, not how we’ll get it) says this: Increased Consumption “If the United States carries out its proposed international pledge to do all that is needed to provide better diets for its own people, the consumption of dairy products here would have to be increased 40 per cent.” That is just one product—repre senting. of course, milk, butter, cheese. In order to bring the national diet up to the standard set, truck crops would also have to be increased about 80 per cent, eggs more than 20 per cent, fruit about 20 per cent, according to Mr. Tolley, and to raise crops for such a market would take about 40 million additional acres of cropland or about one-eighth more than is now* cultivated. With the present full employment. Tolley says that this extra output of the farmer’s product could be ab sorbed. And this leaves out what would be sold abroad. Right now. industry is working on plans to maintain this “full employ ment” by converting war plants to peace plants. Industry is trying to compete with the government in post-war planning in this field. How many farmers are interested enough to get up and say “their say” in favor of a plan that will keep enough people at work so that they can buy this extra 40 million acres’ worth of food they need to be healthy? BRIEFS. . . by Baukhage Shoes are being made with soles of plastic, felt, wood, combinations of cotton and wool, cord and friction belting and other fabric and syn thetic substances. * * * Women war workers at Douglas Aircraft company have released men to the armed forces to the point where at one plant, they comprise 59 per cent of shop personnel. The goal set for thf third war loan drive, starting September 9, will be 15 billion dollars. • • • So serious is the Italian coal sup ply situation as a result of the RAF bombing of Germany’s Ruhr valley that Italians are now trying to raise 40,000 tons of coal from Trieste har bor where it had fallen from ships during coaling operations. I Released by Western Newspaper Union. FOOD FOR THE ELDERLY Now that men and women live longer and there are so many more "old” people in the world than fn previous years, many of these old Dr. Barton men ana women are not allowing the younger members of the household to give them friendly advice for their old age. ■ Until recently It has been accepted as the “proper” thing that the elder ly should eat much less food than those who are middle aged. I have spoken i before of one of Charles Dana Gib son's drawings showing an old man eating crackers and milk while his day dreams showed him as a boy eating turkey and all the "fixings.’* Under the picture were the words "Backward, turn backward, O Time in thy flight; make me a boy again just for tonight.” That the elderly should eat less food than when they were active and doing physical work is right, but elderly men and women today do not sit around all day; most of them get about doing light chores or walk ing some part of the day. As exer cise stimulates all the body proc esses, heart, lungs, digestion, in creases the appetite and prevents constipation, the elderly not only want more food but they need more food. One of the arguments against el derly men and women eating hearty meals is that all their body proc esses are becoming weaker and so must not be forced to handle large quantities of food. Thus it has been believed that the stomach in the elderly is “drying” up, becoming smaller, does not empty as rapidly as when they were younger. It is in teresting therefore to read of a re cent experiment in the American Journal of Physiology. Drs. Edward J. Van Liere and Da vid W. Northrup, West Virginia uni versity, investigated how aging af fected the emptying time of the I stomach. Twelve men, the young est 58 and the oldest 84, were stud ied. Ten were without funds and re sided in the county infirmary; one was a college professor and one was a janitor. A definite amount of food was giv en each man and about two ounces of barium sulphate was added which enabled the investigators to watch the position of the meal by }C-rays. The average length of time for the test meal to leave the stomachs of the 12 men was one hour and 56 minutes. The emptying time of the stomach in 59 young' adults previ ously studied averaged about two hours and two minutes. This investigation shows that el derly men and women can safely eat more food if they feel like it. • • • Removal of Adenoids Restores Hearing One of the common causes of loss of hearing is a partial closure of the opening of the eustachian tube carrying air from the throat to the middle ear. Enlarged tonsils and the formation of soft jellylike tissue (adenoids) is often the cause of closing the opening of the eustachian tube. By removing the enlarged ton sils and adenoids from about this opening, hearing is often restored. However, where there is a per sistent growth of this soft adenoid tissue about this opening and opera tion is not possible, the use of ra dium is giving excellent results. I have mentioned this method of treatment before. There is now fur ther information at hand. In Archives of Otolaryngology (ear, nose and throat), Drs. Ernest B. Emerson Jr., Andrew H. Dowdy and Clyde A. Heatley report that treatment by radium of deafness due to growth of adenoid tissue yields excellent results. They de scribe the simple instruments used to place the radium in the exact po sition necessary to shrink or remove this adenoid or lymphoid tissue. Before applying the radium treat- j ment all disease present such as in fected tonsils or adenoids is re moved. Then by means of a local , anaesthetic the condition of the 1 opening cf the eustachian tube is learned. If there is a great amount of this lymphoid tissue about the eustachian tube or if the opening seems swollen, the patient is given the radium treatment—irradiation. • • • QUESTION BOX — Q.—Would cigarettes have any ef- . feet on a stomach ulcer? A.—Tobacco is forbidden in the treatment of ulcer of the stomach. <3.—Please explain what causes a constant cracking at the back of the head. Could this be caused by i crooked septum? A.—There are very few people with a straight septum. Crackiag in head—back of head—usually Is common. No treatment necessary If no pain present. 'T'HE Great Lakes and the Norfolk service ball teams have been picking up most of the publicity as the two outstanding combinations | along the war | front A new challeng ! er has now en tered the field with a blast of bugles and a roll of drums. This challenger thinks it has been overlooked. We refer to the New ! Cumberland team that meets the Tom Hughes star-littered Norfolk bunch in Nor folk over this week-end. I can break the news to both Nor folk and Great Lakes that New Cum berland’s team is no soft touch. It had won 22 straight games un til Washington’s Senators beat them. 2 to 1 a few days ago on Vernon’* homer in the eighth. Still 22 out of 23 isn’t too moth-eaten. Over 4,009 tackled a rain to see this game at Harrisburg’s Island Park. New Cumberland’s crack pitcher is Tom Hughes of the Phillies. Lyme Myers from the Cardinals and Pat Mullen from the Tigers lead the at tack. These three are not the only high class players on the team’s roster— a team that expects to take Norfolk in tow by Sunday afternoon. Perhaps it won’t, as Norfolk with Rizzuto and many other stars, is on a par with any big league squad. Great Lakes will also have some thing to say in a loud voice about any service title. Navy and Sport Our navy believes with a big part of our army that sport, handled in the proper way, is something more than slightly important. It is now well understood that those colleges, for example, whe have navy recruits can carry out at least some sort of a football pro gram. Those colleges taken over by the army, so far as football is con cerned, will return to the deep-tan gled wildwood, where the whang doodle mourneth. I have contacted athletic directors at many of these army campus grounds and they all tell me their case is hopeless unless army changes its plan. “Here’s the way it works out at Alabama,” a former Rose Bowl star said. "We have now about 2,500 stu dents enrolled at the university. But they are all, or practically all, in the army. They are under army con trol, army training, and no longer belong to the university. Many of these want to play football. They be lieve they can keep up with their work and still find some spare time for a few games with near-by ri vals such as Georgia and Georgia Tech. If Alabama was under navy control it would have a pretty fair team with Frank Thomas on hand. “But under army control, unles* army gives its permission for foot ball to go on, there will be no Ala bama team this fall.* Most of the army men I have talked to—I’d say over 95 per cent—want competitive football to go along as it has at West Point and Annapolis—where they also work 16 hours a day—harder than any army recruits will work at any college. “I happen to know how keenly the cadets and midshipmen from the Hudson and the Severn want foot ball. “I’m not speaking for morale on the so-called home front. I’m speak ing for those in active service—and those headed in that same direction.” ‘Ride ’Em Out’ Atkinson One of baseball’s most important slogans has always been “run ’em out.” Teddy Atkinson's racing slogan is “ride ’em out.’’ Atkinson is one ef the best jockeys riding around New York and the best hustler on the track today. Too many jockeys stop riding when they see first-place beyond their reach. They overlook the fact that many large chunks of cold and hot cash are sent along for second and third spots. Atkinson keeps on riding. If be can’t make it in front he goes after second money. If he can’t get that he keeps shooting for the show. This, naturally, is the way it should be. It is tough enough to beat 11 or 12 per cent—in fact it’s impossi ble—without having this hostile mar gin increased several points by rid ers who ease up or pull up when they see they can't get there in front. Hagen Wanted to Win During Walter Hagen’s long prime as a winning golfer, the able pro would tell you he had no interest in second or third place—even in a U. S or British Open. “Who remembers who finished second or third?" he used to say. This meant that Hagen would take any kind of gamble to win or lead where others would take no such risk. Hagen often knew that if any of his gambles failed, he would drop from second to fourth or fifth in the money. Perhaps lower.