WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Hardest Fighting Still to Come: Byrnes; Chinese Forces Rout Foe on Yangtze As Japs Drive Toward War Capital; Allied Airmen Pound Italian Objectives (EDITOR'S NOTE: When epInlNt nee repressed In these eelamn*. they are those sf Western Newspaper Cnloa's news analysts and net necessarily el this newspaper.) i Released by Western Newspaper Union. , , Bringing back first-hand knowledge of Axis military technique gained from his observations on the North African front, Lieut. Gen. Lesley McNair (left), commander of ground forces, is greeted on his arrival at third army headquarters by Lieut. Gen. Courtney Hodges (center) and Maj. Gen. Wade H. Haislip. Lieutenant General McNair was wounded while on his inspection trip through the battle area. BYRNES: Reports to Nation The 100,000th war plane rolled off the assembly line as the newly ap pointed War Mobilization Director James F. Byrnes spoke to the na tion. "We have at length caught up with the Axis in our preparations and are forging rapidly ahead," he said. “We have a long, hard road ahead. The hardest fighting is yet to come. Now we must not only keep up our production but we must assume a major part in the all-out military operations of the enemy." Recounting America’s tremendous production achievements, Byrnes re vealed that the U. S. turned out 100 fighting ships in the first five months this year; more than 1,000 cargo ves sels were built during the 12 months ending May 31; 100,000 pieces of anti aircraft cannon have been produced and 1,500.000 machine guns and sub machine guns manufactured. By April 1, Byrnes said, the U. S. will have spent 10 billion dollars in buying land and building camps and air fields in this country. Referring to his new position, he declared that he would seek to bring unity among the government agencies entrusted with carrying out the war programs, saying their teamwork was as nec essary as that of the soldiers. MANPOWER: To Cut Deferments Only 1*4 million men will be de ferred in industry by the end of this year, Paul V. McNutt, chairman of the War Manpower commission, de clared. During the year, McNutt said, 8,000.000 physically fit men. includ ing fathers, will form the pool from which 2,700,000 must be inducted to round out the goal of 11,000.000 for the armed services. Of the number, McNutt continued. 900,000 will be deferred for farm work, 900,000 will be exempted for dependency, and 1,500,000 will be de ferred for industrial work. McNutt urged employers to pre pare for replacement of the 3 million men now deferred in industry, in cluding fathers, whose general in duction around August 1 recently was predicted by Selective Service Director Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Her shey. FARM SUPPLY: Simple Priority Needed By merely filling out a form drawn up by himself or his retailer, a farm er will be able to obtain priorities on 176 types of supplies. Individual purchases, however, will be limited to $25. The form must simply read: "I certify to the War Production board that 1 am a farmer and that the supplies covered by this order are needed now and will be used for the operation of a farm." To facilitate its ruling, the WPB ordered manufacturers to get the supplies into retailers' hands. Among the scarce items are bat teries, chains, cold chisels, pitch forks, hoes, harness leather, galva nized pails, pipes, horsecollars, pliers, ropes, shovels, barbed wire and bale wire, wrenches, tabs and poultry netting. WPB also Is seeking to speed up output of axes, boxes, feedtroughs, egg cases, sprayers, hand cultiva tors, milk pails, wagon hardware and plowshares. CHINA: Rout Japs Five Japanese divisions of 75,000 men were routed as Chinese troops counterattacked along the Yangtze river. Even as the enemy was thrown back, American bombers and Chi nese* fighters swooped on the Jap air base of Ichang, and 10 tons of explosives were dropped. The Jap rout came after they had thrust south toward the Yangtze in their drive to the Chinese provision al capital of Chungking, 295 miles to the east. According to the Allied communique, the Chinese armies de veloped an encircling movement, cut off the Japanese line of retreat, and then chopped up the entrapped units. Besides raiding Ichang, Allied air men were active over other sectors of China. Jap warehouses and rail road yards were blasted at Foochow. GOP: Post-War Committee So that the next Republican na tional convention might have the basis for drawing up an appropriate platform dealing with the part America should play in the post-war world’s reconstruction, 49 prominent members of the GOP were named to serve on a special committee to study the question. Announced by National Chairman Harrison Spangler, the committee consists of 5 senators, 12 congress men. 24 governors and 8 party offi cials. According to Spangler, it will be the duty of the committee to chart a program embracing the extent to which this country should commit itself toward co-operating in main taining world peace. Of equal im portance. Spangler said, will be the committee’s task of mapping a course for our own domestic re construction. “We must plan for a free and prosperous agriculture; labor con ditions which will insure labor its just share; and conditions which will permit industry to expand, grow, de velop and produce the things which will add to our standard of living,” Spangler declared. ITALY: Softened Up Harbors, shipping and airdromes were left in flames as Allied airmen flew in from the east and west and pounded both ends of Italy. Heavily hit were the port facili ties of Naples, on Italy's western shoreline. To the east, the air base at Foggia was raided, with ground ed planes, a gasoline dump and bar racks offering the target. In all, 150 Flying Fortresses and Liberators participated in the as saults. Despite the fact that fierce fighter opposition was encountered over Naples, the Allies reported no losses. Meanwhile, other units of the North African air force continued to pound Sardinia, which sprawls in the Tyrrhenian sea west of Italy, and Pantelleria. the tiny island south of Sicily, where the Axis has devel oped underground hangars. The Allies announced the loss of but one Lightning in these raids Al though admitting heavy damage from Allied raids, the Italians claimed to have shot down 57 British and American bombers over Pan telleria since May 1. HIGHLIGHTS • • • *n Ifce week’i neun CHURCH: Wendell Willkie called upon churches to measure the pub lic actions of politicians according to the yardstick of their own teach ings. • • • PRICES: Farm prices gained 2 points between April 15 and May 15. Advances in feed crops, fruits, po tatoes and poultry offset drops in milk, meat and truck produce. STOCKS: Trading on the Chicago Stock Exchange dipped to its lowest volume in 22 years during the fiscal year ended April 30. There were 295 memberships outstanding. • • » FIGHTER: Survivor of one jungle crash. 2nd-Lieut. Tommy Harmon, ex All-American from Michigan, re cently arrived in North Africa for duty as a fighter-plane pilot RUSSIA* Nazis Claim Strength Claiming 'that waves of dive-bomb er* and fighter planes had leveled the Russian base of Krimskaya and extended operations beyond in the Caucasus, the Naiis boasted of re establishing their air superiority over their embattled bridgehead at Novorossisk. Even so, Russian pressure contin ued against the Nazis’ only foothold in the Caucasus, with the Reds de veloping another threat to Novoros sisk by landing troops on the shores of the Taman peninsula to the Ger mans’ rear. Minor action flared on other sec tions of the Russian front South of Leningrad, the Reds reported de stroying a network of pill-boxes and dugouts. while shooting up a ireight train. Before Smolensk, artillery fire was said to have wiped out two enemy companies. COAL STRIKE: Labor Crisis America’s wartime labor situation moved toward a crisis with the walkout of approximately 450,000 miners after a 30-day truce had failed to end in a new contract. Sec retary of the Interior Harold Ickes. nominally the operator of the mines after the government had taken them over during the first strike threat, flayed both sides for the dis ruption of work. As a basis for compromise, the UMW had suggested a settlement of the entire wage question by pay ment of $1.50 per day as a solution of the portal-to-portal question, or compensation for the time miners spend traveling to and from their coal faces above and underground. The $1.50 payment would be tem porary until a mixed committee had worked out a final settlement of the | issue. The operators proposed portal-to portal pay of 80 cents a day as a basis for discussion. The bone of contention entered into the issue of payment of overtime for 35 hours, which was a condition of the miners' last contract. PAY-AS-YOU-GO: At Long Last The house took the first step in the passage of its conference commit tee's pay-as-you-go legislation. One hundred and sixty-seven Re publicans joined with 89 Democrats in approving the bill, which for gives all of one year's taxes of $50 and allows for a reduction of 75 per cent on the remainder over $50. The legislation also provides for a 20 per cent tax, after exemptions on all salaries or wages. Persons ob taining incomes from other sources, like farmers, must estimate their yearly earnings and then pay off the liability on a quarterly basis. Persons who are left with a 25 per cent tax after the 75 per cent forgiveness must pay off the re mainder in two annual installments, due in 1944 and 1945. In all, the government hopes to recapture three billion dollars under the proposed bill. CANNED MILK: One Red Point With canned milk production oft 25 per cent from last year's output of 75 million cans, and with the gov ernment purchasing half of the sup ply. the Office of Price Administra tion placed condensed and evaporat ed milk on the rationed list. Under the regulations. 14 V4 ounce cans, or several cans totaling 14 ounces or less, now are worth one red point. The 14H ounce can is the sire popularly bought for infants, and the payment of one red point from their ration book, of course, will not be felt as severely as by adults, whose purchase will reduce their quota of stamps for meat, cheese and fats. Officials estimate that the average adult needs three or four pounds— three or four points worth—of canned milk a week, if fresh milk isn't used. ATTU: Kiska IS ext? Facing the west. Japanese soldiers bowed in hallowed respect of their emperor, then with a wild cry launched a final, suicidal counterat tack against American troops on Attu island. Mowed down by American fire, the attack collapsed, and the last organ ized enemy resistance on this west ernmost of the Aleutian islands came to an end. some 20 days after the first American troops stole ashore under the protective cover of U. S. naval units. Conquest of Attu turned eyes to Kiska. main Jap base in the Aleu tians. isolated by the U. S. victory. Operating from Amchitka. American airmen continued to hammer the Japanese airplane, harbor and camp installations at the base. Approxi mately 10,000 enemy trooDg are sup posed to be stationed on Kiska. FRENCH: Interned and disarmed at Alex andria, Egypt, since June of 1940, nine French warships will be re turned to service in the Allied ranks within six months. Among the vessels are the 22,000 ton battleship Lorraine, with eight 13.4-inch guns; the 10.000-ton heavy cruisers Duquesne, Tourville and Suffren. with eight 8-inch guns; the 7.249-ton cruiser Trouin, with eight 6.1-inch guns; three destroyers with four 4.1-inch guns, and the 1,384-ton submarine, Protee. Army's Greatest Hazard? It's Question of Morale Armed Services Do Everything Possible to Protect Mental Health of Servicemen; Parents Advised to Cooperate. By BAUKHAGE '«i Attaint and Commentator. WNC Service, Talon Trust Building, Washington D. C. What’s the greatest hazard your boy must meet when he joins the army? Not the weapon of the en emy. We know only a very tiny percentage of those who don the uni form succumb to that. It’s the mental hazard. Take it from a man who met it and who, since, has read the alarm ing figures which show the war’s (any war’s) mental casualties. And to meet that mental hazard you need just one thing—mental health. Let me quote a few words on the subject of morale from one of the books which the army and the navy and the wise ones in other profes sions say is a wonderful protection for the mental health of the boy who joins the army. That book is paper bound. It costs 35 cents. It is called “Our Armed Forces.” It has a lot of pictures in it and a lot of sound sense. It is printed by the presses of the In fantry Journal. 1115 17th street, Washington, D. C. It is not sold for profit. And here is what it says on the subject of morale. 1 As I say on the air, “I'm quoting”): “Morale is an important quality of citizenship in the crises of peace, when the internal security of the na tion is threatened. It is even more important in war, when the very ex istence of the nation hangs in the balance. It is, therefore, an objec tive of army and navy leadership to build a high degree of morale in the soldier and sailor. About Habit* "The state of mind we call morale has its roots in long-established hab its of thinking and acting. A student seated alone in his room, bent se riously over his bocks, may be tack ling his studies with a high degree of morale. He believes what he is doing is worth while. He is deter mined to overcome whatever diffi culties the subject matter offers. He works with a seif urge. He gives up the picture show and the ball game if doing so is necessary for success. He has confidence in his ability to acquire the knowledge and skill he is seeking. In the undertaking of hundreds of similar duties in the ordinary routine of living is created the intangible virtue called morale. The young man who enters the armed services may therefore bring with him the basis for the morale upon which his success as a soldier and the ultimate victory of our na tion so greatly depend. "While morale has its roots in the character of the individual and his past experience, it may be greatly strengthened by association and close co-operation with others who are engaged in the same enterprise. Morale is contagious. It is a qual ity easily transmitted from one per son to another. The serviceman re ceives his uniform. It is the symbol of his dedication. With it he be comes part of the great tradition. Behind him into history is a long line of those who have been so dedi cated. The men who walked bare foot in the snow at Valley Forge. The Green Mountain boys with Ethan Allen, thundering at the gates of Ticonderoga. Calm men in the gun turrets at Manila Bay. Marines at Guadalcanal . . Chateau Thier ry .. . Tripoli. Helmeted fliers of a torpedo squadron at Midway. Through the procession of heroes, still bright as it recedes into dis tant time, has been handed down the great tradition.” Environment Now when Johnny Doughboy joins up. he changes his habits of life as much as Christopher Columbus would have to change his if he came back and took a job managing a big. modem corporation, or riding herd on a bunch of long-horns or bossing a section gang It would be tough for Chris to adapt himself to his environment. If he couldn't manage it he would probably go haywire and blow his top. The dinosaur and some of his follow prehistorics who couldn't adjust themselves to their environment retired permanently to positions in museums. Man, some men that is. adjusted. They took : the ice age. the floods and the fam j ine in their stride and here they are oh-ing and ah-ing at the dead mastodons who weren't as smart at “fitting m”—that’s aD morale is. “fitting in,” getting on when you. who have sat down to your meals three times a day as regularly as the clock, miss the chow wagon; you who have had a kind and solicitous mother or teacher looking after your private troubles are suddenly faced with sharing the troubles of your squad or company or squadron. Now, how are you going to adjust yourself to this sudden change? In the first place, you have to un derstand why everything seems topsy-turvy. Why you. a free-born American citizen, who did as he pleased when and how it pleased him. suddenly have to get up by a bugle, keep step, salute, eat, sleep, drink, walk. run. crawl when some body else says so. The first thing you have to realize is the purpose ahead. The next thing is why other people whom you never se» insist on achieving that purpose tK*> way they do. regardless of your convenience or your date at the post office. Your Own Order* “Your government controls Use armed forces.” That means that the men your folks elected, just the way it was planned by the makers of America, are really the ones who are telling you what to do. Which means, if you follow through, that you yourself and your folks are tell ing you. I chose that phrase because it heads chapter two in this book “Our Armed Forces” I’m talking about. You had better read it. The next chapter is called “Your Army.” And you had better read that too because it tells you some thing of what to expect. I w’on’t go any further and really I ought to have been talking all this time to parents, too, for they, of all people, ought to know what the boy is up against What it is all about One of the great tragedies of being a soldier is the way the folks back home don't understand it at all. They think their job is to feel sorry for you; they don’t understand what an extra stripe really means, tney can't get you when you talk about home and the things you want to hear about and they write and tell you how noble you are. You don’t feel noble. You want to know if the bam has been painted or if your girl has been around lately. You would, though, like them to have some faint idea about this not-alto gether unpleasant job of being a sol dier. That’s why it would be a good thing if your folks would read this book. Broadcaster’s Diary As I came to work this morning— a little late and right in the midst of the crowds of war workers surg ing down to their offices, I was sud- ) denly struck with the fact that this change in Washington which 1 have become used to is typical of other changes that are going to take place all over America. I was walking down 16th street. That sounds prosaic but it used to be a street of beautiful mansions, many of them historic. It sweeps out of the Maryland countryside, down a hill and up another crest from which you can look down, through a vista of ancient trees to the blur at the end which is the White House with the statue of General Jackson on his rearing horse silhouetted against it This morning, as I say. the work ers were swarming out of the houses —they are boarding houses now—to work. I glanced up as I passed one sedate old home, the wistaria still decorously draped over the doorway up whose curving drive once the carriage and later the limousine swept to meet milady descending. I peeped, indecorously, through the beautiful leaded windows of the dining room. It was filled with little tables, the cloths stained with pre cious but too hurriedly imbibed morning coffee. I thought a moment. How will Delaware avenue and Locust street and High street look after the war? Those neatly cropped lawns, even an iron deer or two if they haven't gone into the scrap collection cam paign? Sic transit gloria—but perhaps the past glory will be replaced by some thing more glorious. We can hope. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage In Washington there is a share- | | the-taxicab system. The driver i takes as many people as he can go- j ing in the same direction. It used to i be called the ••pick-up” system. The name changed but not the practice. It's still a great date-maker. • • • The Victory gardeners who have suffered from "infiltration" call the jack rabbits “jap rabbits." A black market potato truck was photographed by a news photogra pher in front of a fire house in Washington Spud-leggers fear noth ing. • • • In the District of Columbia, it’s il legal to take a drink of liquor stand ing up. Some people who take it sit ting down can’t stand up afterward anyhow. ' FIRST-AID to tfr* I AILING HOUSE •y tOOB a. WHDAAN ■ ' Rag*: B. Whitman—WNV Feature*. Tm way mi be able U reytace were er brake* baacchal* cqciyrartri This I* w»i. Gamurat priarities i»*a brat. Sa take care af arkat y a* baea ... as well as ya* passible caa. This eatsm by the bawsvaer'i fries* ten* y*a baw. Applying Varnish Question: In spite of all the dili gent trials, it has been impossible for me to master how to apply var nish over stained wood without shewing infinite little bubbles as big as pin beads. The surface was cleaned and stained properly. What kind of precipitate are these spots? I would go to any limit in order to learn bow to varnish. Answer: To get good results in varnishing, the room in which the work is done should be free of dust and the temperature not less than 70 degrees. The brush should be of a good quality and a kind intended for varnish. Do not shake the can of varnish; this is one of the causes of air bubbles in the finish. Pour enough varnish into another can to last a half hour or so. The brush should not be dipped into the var nish more than one-half the length of the bristles. Do not wipe ofT sur plus on the edge of the can, but throw it off. Varnish should be ap plied in straight strokes in one di rection and with the grain. After applying the brush full of varnish, go over the same area with the empty brush to carry the varnish forward and to spread it into a thin coat “Slapping" the brush against the surface may also cause air bub bles to form on the surface. Fixing a leaky faucet by ttae sim ple process of putting a new washer in the offending tap. This phase of the art of plumbing can be per formed very handily by any woman who sets her mind to it. Metal Window Sill Question: WTiat should be done to the paint on a metal window sill that peels every year? Answer: Remove the paint down to the bare metal. Rub down well with sandpaper, then wipe with tur pentine. Apply a prime coat of good quality red lead paint and allow it to dry for at least a week. Finish with a coat of enamel undercoater, then with a coat of top quality quick-drying enamel. These paints should come from the same manu facturer. Leak in a Boiler Question: I have a hot water heat ing plant about seven years old. Last I year I had an oil burner installed j and it operated satisfactorily all win ter until recently. A small leak has now developed on the side of the boiler near the bottom. Can this be welded or braized? Answer: Yes, it can be welded Or you may be able to repair the leak with iron cement. Your local hardware dealer should be able to supply you with the proper grade. Moth Killing Question: I have a fur coat, so badly damaged by moths that it is not worth repairing. I should like to use it as a laprobe in my car, but am afraid the moths will get into the upholstery. What could I do to the coat to make this im possible? Answer: Having it dry cleaned will kill all life in the coat. The treatment should be repeated later in the spring before putting the coat away. Scratches in Glass Question: How can I remove slight scratches from a glass sur face? Answer: The work can only be done by dealers in plate glass and mirrors, who have the machinery for this type of work. Shelf Hangers Question: How can I hang shelves on concrete cellar walls? Answer: At a hardware store you can get appliances for that purpose; plugs to drive into holes, and other devices I CANCER DELAY Just as we are congratulating our selves that knowledge of cancer waa making great headway not only In America but throughout the world, it Or. Barton comes as a st.ock vr.ai cancer authorities state that ‘the pwb lic education on the cancer problem Is inadequate and in effective." We have naturally been think ing that as more people now live to the cancer age. this is the cause of the increase of cancer, which is true to a great extent. How ever, that more could and should be done, in fact is absolutely neces sary. if we are to reduce the cancer death rate, is more knowledge at cancer. Thus the slogan "Fight Can cer with Knowledge” is timely. That knowledge of cancer is great ly needed is the statement in the Journal of the American Medical Association, by Drs. Charles R. Harms, Jules A. Plant and Ashley W. Cughterson, New Haven. Conn. In the study of the causes of delay in obtaining treatment by 155 pa tients, it was found that only about one-fourth of the patients had read about cancer and that all but two of these had obtained their informa tion from newspapers and popular magazines. Only two admitted read ing public health pamphlets. “Delay in the diagnosis and treat ment of cancer is one of the most important factors in the failure to obtain results by the methods now available—radium. X-rays and sur gery.” What is considered delay insofar as the patient and physician are concerned? This depends to some extent on location of the cancer, as a cancer on the skin or where it can be seen easily will not take as long to recog nize as cancer inside the body. Delay by the patient This con sists in having persistent symptoms for one month or longer before con sulting a physician. Delay by the physician. This con sists in the waiting for any period longer than three weeks after the patient is first seen during which a diagnosis may be announced or a consultation with another physician or cancer specialist requested. • • • Salt Reduction Aid In Meniere's Disease A recent valuable discovery is that most cases of Meniere's dis ease—hard of hearing, head noises, dizziness, nausea and vomiting—are due to “waterlogging” or swelling of a part of the hearing system. By cutting down on liquids and salty foods most of these cases obtain re lief from these symptoms. Just what causes this swelling or waterlogging in the ear is not defi nitely known. Dr. W. E. Grove, Milwaukee, in Annals of Ear, Nose and Throat, suggests that the swell ing may be due to allergy—sensi tiveness to foods or other substances —just as swelling occurs in other tis sues due to allergy. Swelling may also be due to lack of certain vita mins in the food, or to the lack of a sufficient amount of some gland ex tract in the system. It is fortunate that while the search for the cause of these symptoms con tinues. so much relief can be ob tained by the medical treatment by histamine and by avoiding foods rich in salt. Foods to avoid because they con tain too much salt are: salted but ter, ordinary bread, crackers, eggs, milk, spinach, carrots, oatmeal and all corned, pickled, smoked or salt ed foods. Foods that can be eaten because they contain very little salt are: apples, asparagus, cabbage, Brus sels sprouts, lettuce, grapes, or anges, lemons, sugar, jelly, unsalt ed butter and unsalted bread. There are of course some cases where the histamine and food treat ment gives little or no relief What can be done for these cases because the symptoms are distressing and weakening? Surgery is now used where medi cal and diet treatment fail, or for those who for economic or other reasons cannot be kept on a super vised treatment for a long time and for patients whose occupation inter feres with obtaining benefit from medical or diet treatment because of carelessness in following a pre scribed routine • • • HEALTH BRIEFS Q —I have two spots on my face. I would like to know bow to cure them. A.—I’m sorry, but I try not to pre scribe for individual ailments. One visit to a skin specialist will tell what ailment is and treatment for it, Q —On your reducing diet which appears from time to time, how much is meant by one pat of butter? A.—A pat usually means 1 inch by one inch by one-quarter inch—100 j calories.