—■———■■'■I" ■ I I ... ■ ■< —I . .. ■ -- —.■ . I— , . I —i -
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
(Released bv Western Newspaper Unton.)
RECENTLY a New York
art gallery held the
first public exhibition
of a collection of paintings of
unusual historic interest. Not
only were these canvases the
work of George Catlin, the
famous painter of Indians,
but associated with them is
another man’s name, well
known on the frontier. He
wras Col. Samuel Colt, inven
tor of the six-shooter which
played such an important
role in the winning of the
West.
The linking of the names of
these two frontier notables come
about in this way: At the begin
ning of the Mexican war a de
tachment of American dragoons
was ambushed by a Mexican pa
trol and the only man who
escaped was a Captain Thornton
who shot his way to freedom with
a brace of Colt revolvers.
When Gen. Zachary Taylor
heard of this, he was much im
pressed and asked for more in
formation about these weapons.
Capt. Sam Walker of the Texas
Rangers, who was guarding Tay
lor’s lines of communications and
who had influenced Colt to de
velop a .44-caliber revolver in ad
dition to the .34-caliber which he
had been manufacturing, told the
general that the only thing wrong
with the revolvers was that there
were not enough of them.
Thereupon Taylor sent Walker
to Washington to make known to
the President the need of his sol
diers for more weapons of this
sort. The result was an order on
Colt for 1,000 of his guns, which
he at once supplied. More than
that, Colt, who was an early-day
"super-salesman,” put over as
clever a publicity campaign as
any modern press agent could
have devised.
It was not the sales of his
revolvers to the army that made
Sam Colt,” writes Jack Rohan in
his “Yankee Arms Maker: The
Incredible Career of Samuel
Colt” (Harper and Brothers), “It
was the manner in which he cap
italized the victories of the Amer
icans over numerically superior
forces. The revolvers in use at
Resaca de la Palma, Monterey
and Buena Vista were few and
far between. But those few, when
Sam Colt got to spreading the
story around the world, account
ed for the defeat of the Mexicans.
And the latter, glad of any ex
cuse for their humiliation, cheer
fully corroborated his claim!”
Soon after the close of the Mex
ican war came the discovery of
gold in California. Emigrant
trains began streaming across
the Western plains, heading for
the new diggings in California or
for the rich lands of the Oregon
country. The result of this epic
migration was the inevitable
clash with the Indians who had
already learned to fear and hate
the land-hungry w’hite men.
Sam Colt, the Yankee arms
v .a l tu fc^a, r^ - >..: am. :x,>-iwi
Catlin, the Artist, Shooting Buffalo With a Colt Revolving Pistol—
”1 gave five shots to the right and left, four of which were fatal to the
heart and all in less than half a minute.”
pictures of village and hunting
scenes, of Indian games and cere
monies, of the scenery of the
plains and mountains. Although
Catlin went among the Indians'
on this peaceful mission, it was
still a dangerous business. So
"just in case’’—he went armed,
and the guns which he carried
were made by Sam Colt.
Catlin’s "North American Indi
an Portfolio," published in Lon
don in 1844, was proof of his abil
ity to make the kind of pictures
of wild life in the West that would
appeal to men likely to purchase
Sam Colt's product. So he com
missioned the artist to paint some
pictures for him in which Colt
guns would be prominently dis
played in scenes illustrating their
usefulness in hunting or Indian
fighting. The result was a dozen
such canvases, painted between
1854 and 1857, which Colt used
for display and from which litho
graphs were made for advertis
ing promotion.
After they had served that pur
pose, the paintings were hung on
the walls of Colt’s residence,
“Armsmear," in Hartford, Conn.
Later they were relegated to an
unused room on the third floor
of another Colt home in Newport,
R. I. It was only recently that
they emerged from this obscurity
and were placed on public exhibi
tion in the New York gallery,
there to be hailed as a rediscov
ered “find" of American “primi
tive” art.
For with the passing years the
fame of George Catlin has grown.
Before his death he presented to
the Smithsonian institution more
than 500 of his paintings. Some of
these were destroyed or injured
in a fire which swept the institu
tion in 1805 but the remainder of
the collection now housed there
is valued at more than $1,000,000.
There is no way 6f estimating
what the paintings which he
made for Colt are worth but some
clue may be obtained from this
fact:
Some time in the sixties the
English firm of J. M’Gahey made
lithographs from the six paint
Catlin, the Celebrated Indian Traveler and Artist, Firing His
Colt's Repeating Rifle Before a Tribe of Carib Indians in South Amer
ica.
maker, was quick to realize the
opportunity which this situation
offered him and his product. By
demonstrating the superiority of
his revolver and the repeating
rifle, which he had recently in
vented, over the Indians’ bows
and arrows he could sell large
numbers of his weapons to the
westward-faring emigrants. Al
though advertising was still in its
infancy, Sam Colt knew that "it
pays to advertise" and he also
knew that one of the best ways to
put across an advertising mes
sage was through the medium of
pictures.
Two decades earlier an artist
named George Catlin had ascend
ed the Upper Missouri and lived
among "48 of the wildest and most
remote tribes,” making paintings
of everything that would illustrate
the life and the country of those
tribes—oortraits of the chiefs,
L
ings and these lithographs were
distributed by the Colt company
as advertising. Last year Good
speed’s of Boston, the noted deal
er in rare books and prints, of
fered for sale a set of these six
lithographs, plus two others
which were pictures of Colt’s
manufactory and armory, and
placed a price of $250 on the
eight.
In commenting on these prints
Goodspeed said: “Until recently
the set of six drawings which
George Catlin made for the Colt
Fire Arms Manufacturing compa
ny was known to us by title
alone. We had never owned a
set and we remember seeing only
one listed by another dealer.
These six lithographs are, by all
evidence, very rare and this is
the only set we have offered in
40 years of book and print sell
ing.” If the lithographs are val
ued at $250 it is safe to estimate
that the original paintings are
worth easily ten times that
amount.
No doubt George Catlin would
be surprised if he could know
what a high value is placed upon
his work today. Born at Wyo
ming, Pa., in 1796 the son of a
lawyer-father, his boyhood, ac
cording to his own statement,
‘‘was whiled away, apparently,
somewhat in vain, with books re
luctantly held in one hand, and a
rifle or fishing pole firmly and af
fectionately grasped in the other.”
His father was ambitious for
him to become a lawyer, too, so
he obediently studied for that pro
fession and began practicing in
Philadelphia. But, being a lov
er of the outdoors, he found his
GEORGE CATLIN
office duties irksome. He began
painting as a recreation but had
no idea of making it his life busi
ness.
Then one day on the streets of
Philadelphia he saw a party of
Indians who were en route to
Washington for a conference with
the ‘‘Great White Father.” He
was delighted with their pictur
esque dress and their splendid
physiques and then and there was
born in him a determination that
“the history and customs of such
people preserved by pictorial il
lustrations are themes worthy the
lifetime of one man, and nothing
short of the loss of my life shall
prevent me from visiting their
country and of becoming their
historian.”
Although Catlin was married by
this time, neither the opposition
of his wife nor arguments of oth
er relatives could dissuade him
from his purpose. He set out for
the Indian country and lived
among the Indians for eight years
during which time he sketched or
painted 3,000 full-length figures,
made 33 portraits in oil and gath
ered together a collection of In
dian costumes "and other manu
factures from the size of a wig
wam down to the size of a quill or
a rattle.”
With these pictures and curiosi
ties which he had acquired at
such a cost of time, work and
danger he traveled throughout the
United States and exhibited them
in all of the leading cities. Ev
erywhere he went he attracted
crowds. Then he crossed the At
lantic and exhibited in England,
Belgium and France where King
Louis Philippe wras so much in
terested in his work that he pro
posed to buy the entire collection
for the French nation. Then came
the Revolution of 1848 and, fortu
nately for America, the sale fell
through.
Catlin returned to the United
States and later visited South
America and Central America to
paint the Indians of those coun
tries. Although his last years
were spent in poverty, he pre
sented to the Smithsonian his en
tire collection, so that future gen
erations of his fellow-Americans
might enjoy the record of an era
that was rapidly passing. He died
in Jersey City, N. J., on Decem
ber 22, 1872, at the age of 78.
\
New Silk Jersey Gives Illusion
Of Slim, Sculptured Silhouette
By CHERIE NICHOLAS
C?-35C< > MIMMMI »»MiOfllMaHieflWm—PlWMW—
YOU will take the straight and nar
row path for fall, but in effect
only. You will do it by means of
illusion caused by the artifices of
slimming silk jersies, of draping,
subtle goring and intricate cut that
achieves the effect of simple, slen
der straightness without losing one
feminine curve, one iota of grace
or walking comfort.
Right at the head of the silk
parade of fall fashions comes day
time dresses, evening gowns,
blouses, headgear, cunning little
evening shawls and innumerable
other accessory items made of silk
jersey. For draping and achieving
sculpturesque "lines,” there is noth
ing in the entire fabric realm com
parable to supple, lovely silk jersey.
Gray silk jersey is endorsed
throughout the entire style parade,
starting with blouses that will take
you from luncheon right through to
cocktails and important little din
ners. For the most part these have
long fitted sleeves, although the
below-elbow length is also favored.
The attractive blouse to the left in
the illustration is typical. It is
made with a high neck and curved
reams running toward the armhole
in front, in order to secure the cowl
drapery in pretty precision. The
sleeves are long and modish. The
draped Persian silk turban gives
just the right dash of color to glorify
this exceeding chic blouse.
Bewitching are the dark silk jer
sey afternoon dresses. Because of
the slim fall of the material, skirts
are cut slightly fuller and there is
much shirred and draped detail in
bodices that will flatter every type
of figure. See to the right in the
group a black silk jersey daytime
dress. Here the new long torso
sculpture draping interprets current
styling at its best. The American
designer Kievette created this dress
of real distinction and charm.
Sleek and sleeved dinner gowns
of silk jersey made with molded
torsos and sculpturesque drapery in
the inimitable Alix manner call forth
the plaudits of the fashion world.
Romance and loveliness and fem
inine allure are at their height in a
gown of soft gray-tone silk jersey
as shown centered in the group. The
bodice has a deep V-neck with much
drapery coming from the shoulder
to give fulness over the bust. The
straight-falling generously full skirt
slims into lines of infinite grace.
Long sleeves accent the new “cov
ered-up” look so definitely high-fash
ion for dinner gowns this season.
The wide figure-flattering, tight
draped midriff is enhanced by
buckles jeweled with lovely pink
moonstones.
Bi-colored silk jersey evening
gowns continue to be fashion firsts.
These have bodice and apron
drapery in one color with midrifi
and skirt in another, in such dra
matic combinations as flame red
with black, accessoried with jet
jewelry. Black magic also con
tinues in gowns fashioned with
sheer silk jersey tops with silk crepe
for the skirt or black transparent
lace bodices topping heavy black
silk jersey skirts—enchanting and
slightly wicked.
A “word to the wise” about car
ing for your silk jersey garments.
Because it is a knit fabric, it is
best to lay your blouses and dresses
out flat in a drawer. And did you
know that silk jersey practically
never requires pressing as the
“live” elasticity of silk reduces
wrinkle to a minimum? In case an
iron does have to be used, be sure
just to place the iron on the spot you
wish to press without rubbing back
and forth, which would stretch the
fabric. Silk jersey cleans beau
tifully, too, for the inherent char
acteristics of the fiber means that
if the garment is properly cared for,
it will not bag or sag or pull at the
seams, but will return to its original
size and shape. Delightful to wear
under winter coats is sleek silken
jersey, never too warm, never too
cool—just right!
(Released by Western Newspaper Union.
Shows Pompadour
Smart hats for fall and winter are
fashioned and worn to show off the
new pompadour hair-do. Here are
wo hats that do just that—play up
to the fashionable pompadour coif
fures. The one at the top is a youth
ful version with a big brim that lifts
off the face and swoops low to the
nape of the neck. The foundation of
the he* is black felt with gold, ma
roon and navy stitching over its
entile surface. A trio of quills in
gold, red and blue puncture the up
lifted front brim. The black velvet
d.nner hat belovi was especially de
signed for the new pompadour hair
dress which shows off the forehead
so becomingly. It promises to be
come increasingly popular.
Spotted Furs Have
Become the Vogue
If you keep seeing "spots before
your eyes” don’t be alarmed. It is
simply fashion making a demonstra
tion of what’s what in fur coats and
fur trimmings.
The tremendous vogue for leopard
and ocelot and other of the spotted
type pelts is developing almost to
an epidemic of spots. When in doubt
as to the fur to enhance your new
cloth coat, use the spotted kind
and you will be fashion correct
The way spotted furs will crowd
the grandstand this year is some
thing to marvel at. There will be
entire coats of leopard or ocelot.
There will be muff and neckpiece
sets with matching hats of the spot
ted fur. There will be more than
that, for huge pockets of spotted fur
are adorning cloth coats. •
There's no end in sight of the pro
cession of novelty accessory items
that will enliven the fall and winter
style picture. You will be seeing
spotted fur gloves with belts made
of the same material. Hand bags
to match are available, and lapel
gadgets of "spots.” Of course the
program includes smart headgear of
spotted fur to “make good” a com
plete ensemble.
New Wool Fabric Dress
Has Hand-Knitted Section
Knitted sleeves in a wool fabric
dress is big news. Attractive jer
sey dresses in the very new neutral
colors take on sleeves and knitted
sections. Details such as large pock
ets, belts and cuff-and-collar sets are
done in yarn accurately color
metohed.
Farm
Topics [
LEGUMES RAISE
SOIL FERTILITY
Nitrogen-Rich Crops Need
Special Handling.
By C. 3. WILLIAMS
(Head. N. C. State College Agronomy
Department)
Legumes plus proper fertilization
hold the key to fertile, productive
soils.
The most practical method in
building up the productive power of
soils calls for the proper growth and
handling of suitable legume crops in
rotation with properly fertilized ma
jor crops.
The mere growing of legumes does
not assure added fertility unless
these crops are handled properly.
If the legumes are removed from
the field, leaving on the land only
the stubble and roots, their use in
this manner alone will prove a delu
sion so far as being an efTectivs
means of increasing the producing
power of the soil in a permanent
way is concerned.
Effective methods of increasing
the fertility of soils must be those
that will leave the soil at the end of
each year fairly well supplied with
thoroughly decomposed organic mat
ter and an increasing amount ol
readily available plant foods. This
will be the effect which the proper
growth and handling of legumes will
have on the land.
Anyone at all familiar with tb<»
simple principles of soil manage
ment knows that fertility < imnot be
maintained when the crops removed
take off the land more plrnt foods
’than are returned to it. That's why
it’s so important to turn urder some
of the legumes.
The best time to apply ground
limestone is from three months to
one year before seeding legumes.
This gives the stone sufficient time
to contact acid in the sell particles
and counteract it.
The application of lime to culti
vated land should be made after
plowing, and the material should be
mixed with the topsoil. L ttle bene
fit may be expected if lime is plowed
under before being prope ly mixed
with the topsoil. On pastures it is
only necessary to scatter the lime
on top of the sod; however, better
results will be obtained if it can be
worked in by Light harre wing.
Good Laying Hens
Do Not Die Young
The hen that lays th j golden
egg, and lays it regularly, can
live as long as her less produc
tive sister, according to a five
year study made at the Penn
sylvania State college by Dr.
Dean R. Marble, associate pro
fessor of poultry husbandry.
“Many poultrymen believe that
the high mortality of laying hens
is due to breeding for standards
of egg production which are so
high that the bird’s physique is
weakened," Dr. Marble stated.
“However, during a five-year pe
riod we cut the mortality of se
lected poultry in half and proved
that we can breed longer-lived
poultry without any loss in egg
production, egg size, gr body
weight. Selecting and Dlr^eding
for all these charactei’ifUtas is
practical.”
During the past decade mor
tality has been increasing, Dr.
Marble claims. He believes that
careful breeding could help to
solve the problem.
Sheet Destroys
Fertility of Farm La?/}
That crop yields decrease as soil
erosion increases is shown by tests
made cn farms last summer by the
Soil Conservation service.
In testa made on five farms, it
was found that fields with less than
25 per cant of the topsoil gone pro
duced !>l bushels of oats or 47 bush
els of fcarley per acre; fields with 25
to 50 per cent of the topsoil washed
away yielded 42 bushels of oats or
28 bushels of barley per acre; fields
with 5C to 75 per cent of the topsoil
gone produced 35 bushels of oats
or 23 jiiEhels of barley, and land
with rrore than 75 per cent of the
topsoil washed away yielded only
23 bushels of oats and 17 bushels of
barley. 1
*‘The.-a is an evident relation
shown htre between topsoil losses
and cr >p losses,” says M. A. Thor
flnnson soil conservationist ‘‘Sheet
erosior removes the top, or most
productive layer of the soiL With
each ii»ch that washes away, there
is left a material that is not only
less p-oductive, but that is more
subject to erosion.”
New Worm Treatment
Pherotbiazine, a new and power
ful drug which is now being used
experii entally for treating sheep
and gcats for worms, has been giv
ing splendid results on flocks around
Columoii. Flocks that have been
treated twice have been doing splen
didly. It takes about five days after
treatnreat to clean the animals of
worms, and all worms are killed,
except possibly some tapeworms.
Even ba nodule worms, which ara
so bad ig sheep on some farms, ara
killed. 1
Daisy Hot Dish Mat
An Appropriate Gift
By RUTH WYETH SPEARS
IT WAS the flower handle of the
1 tea-pot lid that suggested this
daisy mat. I had been thinking
' l making a hot dish out of firmly
uraided strips of cotton cloth. I
wanted it to be thick and sewn
firmly like a rag rug, so that it
would stand frequent scrubbings.
The design had to be novel and
gay so that it would be appropri
ate for a Christmas gift or would
VTO MAKE SEW WHITE STRIP 50“
iXsTPIP 5 s' LONG IN LOOPS TO
XTwide^ MAKE 10 PETALS
_^r<Si->-ATHEN 5EW
CENTER
SEW YE^-LOW BRAIDED \X*-/5Tli
STRIP IO'LONG,4£3X T \nd?*HATi\
TO MAKE ASfim1,."
CENTER
attract attention if used to sell at
a church bazaar. All the direc
tions you need to make one are
right here in the sketch.
Cotton flannel or heavy cotton
knitted material are good to use b
for the braided strips. Cut the
strips two inches wide if the goods
is heavy or wider if light weight.
Braid tightly and then use No. 8
white cotton thread to sew, as
shown. A set of these mats axe
pretty on the table; and mats for
oval dishes may be made by sew
ing two daisies together.
* • •
NOTF: There are directions for a hot
dir-hrffiat made of cable cord in SEWING,
Book 4. Books 2 and 3 also contain direc
tions for many gifts and novelties. These
booklets are a service to our readers and
each contains 32 pages of illustrated di
rections for things to make for the home.
Send order for booklets, with 10c coin for
each copy desired, direct to:
First Postmark
Great Britain, it is said, can
claim the honor of having origi
nated the postmark. The first one,
which was used in London as long
ago as 1660, was a very simple
affair, consisting of a small cir
cle divided into two parts. In the
top portion were two letters in
dicating the month, while in the
lower half the day of the month
was shown. No endeavor was
made to denote the year, and it is
only by the dates of the letters on
which the mark is impressed that
it is possible to fix the date of its
use. The earliest known was on a
letter written in 1680.
PulltheTrigger on
Lazy Bowels
With herb laxative,combined with syrup pepsin
to make it agreeable and easy to take
When constipation brings on acid in
digestion, bloating, dizzy spells, gas,
coated tongue, sour taste and bad
breath, your stomach is probably “cry
ing the blues” because your bowels don’t
move. It calls for Laxative Senna to pull
the trigger on those lazy bowels, com
bined with good old Syrup Pepsin to
make your laxative more agreeable and
easier to take. For years many Doctors
have used pepsin compounds, as agree
able carriers to make other medicines
more palatable when your “taster” feels
easily upset. So be sure your laxative
contains Syrup Pepsin. Insist on _ Dr.
Caldwell’s Laxative Senna, combined j
with Syrup Pepsin. See how wonderfully I
its herb Laxative Senna wakes up lazy
nerves and muscles in your intestines, to r
bring welcome relief from constipation.
And see how its Syrup Pepsin makes Dr.
Caldwell’s medicine so smooth and agree
able to a touchy gullet. Even finicky
children love the taste of this pleasant
family laxative. Buy Dr. Caldwell’s La*
ative Senna at your druggist’s today.
■®cy one laxative that won’t bring on
vioien^-iafagte, even when you take it
after a full ^
Think and Work
Do not falter or think; but just
think out your work and just work
out your think.—Waterman. 4
How To Relieve
Bronchitis
Creomulsion relieves promptly be
cause it goes right to the seat of the
trouble to help loosen and expel
germ laden phlegm, and aid nature
to soothe and heal raw, tender, in
flamed bronchial mucous mem
branes. Tell your druggist to sell you
a bottle of Creomulsion with the un
derstanding you must like the way it
quickly allays the cough or you are
to have your money back.
CREOMULSION
for Coughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis
Fair Gifts
Riches, understanding, beauty,
are fair gifts of God.—Luther.
KNOWN FROM COAST TO COAST—NEXT TIME BUY
KENL^SUT BLADES 10®
CUPPLKS COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
AS S1IRAICE
s*| The buyer’s assurance is the advertis- I
Bing he or she reads in the newspaper, p
That is the buyer’s guide. It tells die I
A prices one must expect to pay. Let the I
seller who tries to charge more beware! it
___ -1