Forty Years Ago England, France, Germany,
Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan and America
Were Allies, Waging War Against China!
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
Oieleased by Western Newspaper Union.)
□D so it came to pass
that the Allies — Eng
land, France, Ger
many, Austria, Italy, Russia,
Japan and the United States
—sent their armed forces
against a common enemy and
that common enemy was
China.
In the light of present
events, does that statement
sound a bit fantastic? Yet, it
is true! But, it should be
added hastily, that occurred
40 years ago and it was an in
cident in the history of inter
national relations that is now
almost forgotten. It came
about in this way:
Around the turn of the century
the “Celestial Empire,” weak
ened by years of aggression by
European powers, was on the
verge of being dismembered.
Then a society of patriots, popu
larly known as the Boxers (from
a literal translation of its Chinese
name, I Ho Chu’van, meaning
“the fist of righteous harmony”),
and devoted to the principle of
“China for the Chinese” raised
the cry of "Kill the foreign dev
ils!” In May, 1900, they destroyed
a number of villages inhabited by
natives who had been converted
to the Christian religion and mas
sacred these people. In June they
murdered two English mission
aries in a village 40 miles from
Peking, assassinated the chancel
lor of the Japanese legation in
the capital and waylaid End killed
Baron von Ketteler, the German
minister.
Meanwhile, as the outrages
against foreigners and native
converts increased, a mixed force
of 400 marines and sailors of
various nationalities reached Pe
king to protect the legations. The
imperial authorities did little if
anything to restrain the Boxers
and, as murder and pillage con
tinued, most of the foreign resi
dents of the capital and many na
tive converts took refuge in the
British legation where the Brit
ish minister, Sir Claude Mac
donald, took charge of the prep
arations to resist the threatened
attack.
By June 14 Peking was com
pletely cut off from communica
tion with the outside world.
Meanwhile all of the nations who
had citizens there had begun or
ganizing expeditionary forces to
send to their rescue and within
a short time their troops were
disembarking upon the coast of
China. One of the first to act
was the United States.
On June 16 Gen. Arthur Mac
Arthur, commander at Manila
was ordered to rush a regiment
to the Chinese port of Taku where
the Allied forces were concen
trating, and which they captured
on June 17. The Ninth infantry,
commanded by Col. Emerson H.
Liscum, was chosen for this duty
and within 19 days, although de
layed by a typhoon, Liscum’s
force was at Taku.
Then the Chinese began attack
ing the foreign settlements in
Tientsin and on July 13 an allied
force of British, French, Japa
nese and Americans moved
against that high-walled city. Aft
er a bitter fight lasting 15 hours
they took the city by storm but
they suffered a loss of 700 killed
and wounded in doing it. Among
the dead was Colonel Liscum.
His last words are inscribed
upon the banners of the Ninth
infantry today—“Keep up the
fire!”
Hastening across the Pacific
ocean while these events were
taking place was Maj. Gen. Adna
H. Chaffee, who had a brilliant
record in the Indian and Spanish
American wars and who was com
ing to take command of the
American forces in China. There
had been numerous reports that
the Boxers had captured the le
gation in Peking and killed all
of its defenders. But soon after
Chaffee’s arrival, the Americans
learned through friendly Chinese
that the besieged Europeans and
Americans were still holding out.
Chaffee Makes a Decision.
The American commander was
in favor of moving at once to
their rescue. But international
jealousies had sprung up among
the other Allied leaders and pre
cious time was being lost while
they debated what course they
should pursue. In the midst of
one of their conferences Chaffee
was handed a cablegram from
Washington telling him that he
had a free hand in whatever ac
tion he decided was best. Stuff
ing the dispatch in his pocket and
rising from the table, he an
nounced :
“Gentlemen, at daybreak to
morrow the American forces will
move on Peking. I should be
very glad to have company—the
more, the better. But they go at
vny rate, even if alone.”
The Fourteenth United States infantry in the Palace Grounds of
Peking. (From a photograph in the United States Signal corps, War
Department, Washington.)
Gen. Sir Alfred Gaselee, the
British commander, sprang to his
feet.
“I’m with you,’’ he exclaimed.
“The British troops will march
with the Americans tomorrow
morning.’’
So on the morning of August 4
an Allied army of 20,000 men set
out for the Chinese capital. Since
Germany had the largest contin
gent of land forces in China it
had been agreed that command
of the expedition was to be given
to the German commander, Graf
von Waldersee. However, he had
not yet arrived in Tientsin so
the expedition started without
him.
The Tricky Russians.
By August 13 the Allies were
within 12 miles of Peking. They
had agreed to spend the night in
reconnoitering the situation be
fore making an attack on the an
cient walled city. The Russians,
however, who had been the slow
est on the march, now tried to
steal first honors for themselves
by attacking the Tung-pien-men
gate. They succeeded in forc
ing an entrance but were driven
back with heavy losses. This
breach of international etiquette
added to the ill feeling that had
been evident from the beginning
MAJ. GEN. A. R. CHAFFEE
of the expedition and which later
flamed out in a series of trouble
some incidents.
The next morning the Japa
nese attacked at another point
along the walls but were checked
by the fierce resistance of the
Chinese. The American forces,
moving forward to go into action,
became entangled in the Russian
line of advance and were some
what delayed. So it was not un
til 11 o’clock that two compa
nies of the Fourteenth infantry,
led by Col. A. S. Daggett and
covered by the fire of the remain
der of the regiment, reached the
base of the wall, despite the hail
of lead poured upon them by its
defenders. Here they were shel
tered temporarily but it was a
question how long they would be
safe.
In this crisis a young bugler
named Calvin P. Titus volun
teered to try to climb the wall
and clear it of its defenders. Such
a feat was dangerous to the point
of foolhardiness. But by some
great good fortune he reached
the top undiscovered.
Before him was a group of huts
on top of the wall. Scouting for
ward cautiously Titus found that
they were unoccupied. As he re
turned to the edge of the wall,
Capt. Henry G. Learned, the ad
jutant of the regiment, who had
followed him, handed him the end
of a long cord to which was at
tached a rifle and a supply of am
munition. Hastily pulling these
up, the young bugler immediately
opened fire on a group of sur
prised Chinese who showed up a
few minutes later.
Meanwhile Captain Learned
had hauled up more rifles and
ammunition and other soldiers
came scrambling up. Soon they
had established a firing line arid
under its cover the whole com
pany occupied the top of the
broad wall. They drove off the
defenders from that corner of the
wall as far as the east gate,
through which a short time later
the British forces, under General
Gaselee entered without opposi
tion.
The Siege Is Lifted.
Meanwhile Battery F of the
Fifth field artillery, commanded
by Capt. Henry J. Reilly, had
swept the Chinese off the wall
west of the Tung-pien-men gate
and the Fourteenth drove for
ward, pushing the defenders
southward toward the Sha-Huo
gate. As the British entered the
city and the other Allied forces
swept in, resistance collapsed and
the siege of the legations ended.
It is not difficult to imagine the
hysterical joy with which these
people, who had been living for
two months under the shadow of
a horrible death, welcomed their
rescuers.
Although the siege of the lega
tion had been raised, armed Chi
nese forces still held the Forbid
den City within Peking and from
its walls kept up a sniping fire
on the invaders. On August 15
the Allies began cleaning out
these snipers. Reilly’s battery
distinguished itself during this
fighting but its commander was
killed while standing beside Gen
eral Chaffee watching the effect
of the fire of his guns on the
Third Gate.
The Looting Begins.
On August 28 the Allied forces
formally entered the Forbidden
City. “I was opposed to the per
formance as one based on curi
osity merely and not one of mili
tary or political necessity, but I
was overruled,” General Chaffee
reported to his superiors. “The
city of Peking has been sacked;
looted from corner to corner in
the most disgraceful manner im
aginable; such is my opinion. I
had no idea that civilized armies
would resort to such proceedings.
It is a race for spoil. I have
kept my own command fairly
clean, thank God, but with all my
efforts it is not spotless.”
Although the Germans under
Graf von Waldersee had arrived
too late to take part in the fight
ing and capture of Peking, they
were leaders in the looting.
When Chaffee learned that they
were removing from the Chinese
observatory some ancient astro
nomical instruments, the Ameri
can commander sent a strong let
ter of protest to Von Waldersee.
But it was useless. The instru
ments were carried away and
were not returned until after the
World war when the Treaty of
Versailles forced the Germans to
return them to China.
As might have been expected
such incidents and other echoes of
international jealousy created
dissension among the Allies and
added to the confusion which
reigned in Peking for some time
after its capture. In contrast to
this, however, was the friendly
co-operation between the British
and the Americans. They were
more truly Allies than any of the
others and when the time came
for the evacuation of Peking the
British commander sent a detach
ment of Indian pipers to show
the Americans special honor by
“piping them out” of the Chinese
capital.
WHO’S
NEWS
THIS
WEEK
By LEMUEL F. PARTON
I (Consolidated Features—WNU Service.)
VJEW YORK.—Snapping the Unit
' ed States liner, America, new
queen of the American Merchant
marine, through the Narrows, into
t c /nu quarantine
True Son of Old and so on
Yankee Breed to her dock.
Of Shellback» CaPl- a}}“
Chester Sted
man, master of the new leviathan,
handled his ship as deftly as a lad
would handle a toy. Indeed, in his
various maneuverings of the 35,000
ton luxury liner on her maiden pas
senger-carrying trip from Newport
News, Va., Captain Stedman evinced
sheer delight in putting his new
charge through her paces. The 900
guests, United States senators, ship
ping magnates and so forth, must
have cast their thoughts back to
days when amid mountainous waves
and winds ranging from gale to hur
ricane proportions, this young skip
per—he is only 42 years old—per
formed deeds of daring-do on the
deep, deeds that have gained for him
a gold medal from the Italian gov
ernment; the United States navy
cross; the silver life-saving plaque
from the British admiralty; the
Treasury department gold medal
and other like testimonials of high
courage and skilled seamanship.
There was that tumultuous day
in the mid-Atlantic, October 20,
1925, when the President Hard
ing, of which Stedman was then
chief officer, steamed to the res
cue of the Italian freighter, Ig
nazlo Florlo, beaten down and
sinking. Stedman stepped to one
of the lifeboats and called for a
volunteer crew. Every man jack
of the distressed crew was saved.
Two years later, westbound and
about 1,575 miles from New York,
the wireless operator brought Sted
man a message from the British
freighter Exeter City. The craft
had lost her captain, third officer
and two seamen and was sinking.
The seas were a veritable
witchbroth, the wind shrieking
at hurricane force. No possibili
ty existed for the survival of a
small boat in sfich a sea. So
Stedman maneuvered his vessel
sufficiently close to admit of a
line being shot aboard the dis
tressed freighter. With tackle
thus rigged, a lifeboat was low
ered from the American Mer
chant and pulled to the sinking
vessel and the crew saved. The
seamanship involved was said to
have represented one of the fin
est exploits in American annals.
Last September, commanding
the United States liner Washing
ton, Stedman rescued the entire
crew of the British freighter 01
lvergrove torpedoed by U-boat.
As a youngster, deciding upon a
sea career, Stedman joined the Unit
ed States Coastguard, where in the
first World war he saw two years’
hazardous service in convoy work
in the Mediterranean sea and Eng
lish channel. When peace came,
Stedman enrolled in the Massachu
setts Institute of Technology for
courses in marine engineering. He
joined the United States Line in 1922,
was made a chief officer in 1925
and at the age of 34 received his
first command.
ONE of the most hard-boiled citi
zens this reporter ever knew
was a bookish college dean who al
ways spoke softly, but swung from
Colonel Peck of somewhat *£
Marines a Full this picture is
Bushel of Spunk Co1- De Witt
Peck of the
U. S. Marines, who gives quiet em
phasis to plain words in Shanghai,
as the Japanese menace the for
eign areas and tension increases.
The Japanese seem to think they
need an “incident,” and Colonel
Peck isn't at all likely to provide
one—but he doesn’t back down.
When he is in mufti or in
formal dress, he is rarely with
out a book in his pocket and
never without his pipe. He may
or may not read Bergson, but
he “thinks like a man of action
and acts like a man of thought.”
He won the Victory Medal for
Gallantry in the World war bat
tles of the Meuse-Argonne and
St. Mihiel, and the Medal of the
Purple Heart for doubling in
negotiating and fighting in Latin
Ameriea. He graduated from
Annapolis in 1915 and is 46.
His career is a reminder that this
country has had quite a workout
in handling explosive situations here
and there around the world. In
Nicaragua. Cuba, Haiti and other
Latin-American countries, Colonel
Peck has been a successful trouble
shooter and has brought things
through nicely without eating dirt
or leaving any hard feelings. He
has built a reputation as a scholar
in his studious application to prob
lems of naval and military science.
He is six feet tall, slender and aca
demic in appearance but said to
pack a powerful punch.
SUMMER SALADS
(Recipes Below.)
Household News
Salads, in summer, are as impor
tant as swimming or tennis, or golf!
Nothing tastes quite so good as a
cool, crisp mixture of fresh greens,
or fruits, or vegetables, served with
just the proper dressing. The very
word is refreshing—like a drink of
cold, sparkling spring water after a
long and dusty hike.
Very light salads may be served
as an appetizer first course, if de
sired. Dinner sal
ads, too, are
light; they may
be served as a
separate course,
or with the main
course of the
meal. For lunch
eon, salads may be somewhat heav
ier, because the main luncheon dish
is likely to be light. Many times, a
luncheon salad is a whole meal in
itself, served with bread or crisp
rolls, a beverage, and dessert. And
there are many times in informal
luncheons and dinners, when salads
do duty for dessert.
What makes a good salad? Plenty
of crisp, fresh greens, a blend of
fruits or vegetables or fish, a zesty
dressing and a dash of color, say
the experts. To make salads appe
tizing and refreshing, as they should
be, everything must be fresh, crisp,
and well chilled. Greens are fresh
ened in ice water for half an hour,
well drained in a salad basket or
bag, and left in the refrigerator to
chill. To prepare
head lettuce for
salads, cut out
the core or stem
with a pointed
knife, and let cold
water from the
faucet run Into
this opening. The
water forces the leaves apart and
cleans them.
Use other greens besides lettuce
for garnishing salads, and in mixed
green salads, as well. Watercress,
tender inside leaves of raw spinach,
endive, escarole and romaine are
good for variety.
Add cubed, leftover meats to green
salad, for a hearty main dish. And
for hot days, plan fruit salad plates
for lunch or supper.
Peeled oranges, sliced and served
with fresh, whole berries, with let
tuce, watercress or endive for a
garnish, make an attractive and re
freshing meal.
Crab Apple Salads.
(Serves 6)
6 eggs
Pink pure food color
12 cloves
6 tiny sprigs of green
1 head lettuce
Vi cup mayonnaise
Place eggs in saucepan, cover with
boiling water and simmer gently un
til eggs are hard cooked (about 15
minutes). Remove shells while eggs
are very hot, then while holding egg
under hot water, flatten both ends of
the egg until it takes on the shape
of a small crab apple. Paint a tint
of pink on each egg with pink liquid
color; place a clove at the stem end
of the egg and another at the blos
som end. Add a tiny sprig of green
at the stem end and the “crab ap
ple” will be complete. Arrange let
tuce cups on individual salad plates;
place one egg on each plate and
serve with mayonnaise.
Fruit Salad.
Toss lightly together in salad bowl
one cup watermelon balls, one cup
muskmelon balls, one cup honey
dew melon balls, 1 cup seeded red
cherries, and 1 cup diced celery.
Add french dressing in sufficient
quantity to thoroughly coat all
fruits. Serve in bowl lined with
chilled greens.
Golden Fruit Salad.
(Serves 6)
I 1 tablespoon gelatin
2 tablespoons cold water
1 cup juice from canned pineapple
(hot)
V4 cup sugar
Few grains salt
Vi cup orange juice
V* cup vinegar
i 1 orange (cut in pieces)
i 1 cup raw carrot (coarsely grated)
lVi cup crushed pineapple
Soak gelatin in cold water and dis
solve in hot pineapple juice. Add
sugar, salt, orange juice and vine
gar. Cool, and when beginning to
If you’re planning a picnic for
a crowd, be sure to read Eleanor
Howe’s column next week. You’ll
find in it Miss Howe’s own tested
recipes for picnic foods—a recipe
for a chocolate cake to serve 25
hungry picnickers; directions for
making barbecue sandwiches or
meat loaf for the same size
crowd; and a recipe for a gallon
of inexpensive chocolate chip ice
cream.
stiffen, tadd remaining ingredients.
Turn into wet mold and chill until
firm. Unmold on lettuce. Serve with
mayonnaise or fruit salad dressing.
Fruit Salad Dressing.
2 egg yolks
Vz cup strained honey
Juice 1 lemon
Dash salt
1 cup whipping cream
Place egg yolks, honey, lemon
juice and salt in top of double boiler
and cook V4 hour. Remove from
flame, beat with dover egg beater
and cool. Whip cream and then pour
the chilled honey mixture into the
whipped cream—beating entire mix
ture with dover egg beater. Serve
with any kind of fruit salad.
Appetizers.
Cut the crusts from slices of very
fresh bread. Spread bread with
cream cheese generously mixed with
paprika. Roll as for a jelly roll
and slice in very thin slices. Brush
with melted butter, toast lightly, and
serve immediately.
French Dressing.
(Makes lVfc cups)
Vi clove garlic
( (grated)
4 lumps sugar
1 tablespoon salt
1 tablespoon pa
prika
1 cup oil
V6 cup vinegar
Grate garlic on
lump sugar, and
let stand before using, for several
hours. When ready to mix, place
all ingredients in order listed in jar.
Shake vigorously and serve.
Tomato Jelly Rings With Salmon.
(Serves 5 to 6)
1 tablespoon gelatin (unflavored)
Vi cup cold water
2 cups tomato juice
1 tablespoon sugar
Vi teaspoon salt
Dash pepper
1 bay leaf
1 teaspoon onion (minced)
Vi cup celery (chopped)
2 teaspoons lemon juice
1 pound can salmon
Watercress or lettuce
Salad dressing
Soak gelatin in cold water. Com
bine tomato juice, sugar, salt, pep
per and bay leaf, and bring to a
boil. Strain. Dissolve softened gel
atin in the hot liquid. Allow to cool
until the mixture begins to thick
en. Fold in onion, celery and lem
on juice and pour into individual
ring molds. Chill until Arm; just
before serving unmold on beds of
watercress or lettuce. Fill centers
of salad rings with large flakes of
salmon. Serve with salad dressing.
Have you ever realized that ev
ery single one of us includes, in
our daily routine, several hundred
homely, household tasks? And have
you ever discoverd by accident some
simplified, easy, and practical way
of doing one of these tasks? Then
you know how valuable a book would
be that contained several hundred
just such helpful hints on homemak
ing.
Send 10 cents in coin to “House
hold Hints,” care Eleanor Howe, 919
N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, and
you’ll receive your copy of this help
ful booklet, promptly.
(Released by Western Newspaper Union.)
Tasty Cases
Green peppers, cut in halves and
simmered for 10 minutes, make
tasty cases for creamed or scalloped
fish. After the peppers have been i
filled put them in the oven for five I
minutes or so to brown the tops.
Clothes Space
For additional clothes space in the j
closet fasten a bird-cage hook to the
top of the closet door. This will hold
six or eight hangers and will keep
long dresse* up from the floor.
being a most attrac
tive auuition to lawn or garden
in herself, this cute little sunbon
net girl has practical features too.
The parasol trellis she holds is
ideal for climbing flowers and
vines. Cut the girl from plywood
or other thin lumber with jig, cop
ing or keyhole saw, add the trellis,
then paint according to the direc
tions given on pattern Z9112, 15
cents. General cutout instructions
accompany this pattern. Send or
der to:
AUNT MARTHA
Box 166-W Kansas City, Mo.
Enclose 15 cents for each pattern
desired. Pattern No.
Name .
Address .
Centenarian Must Have
Grieved Over Wasted Life
It was a great day for the vil
lage when the oldest inhabitant
celebrated his hundredth birthday.
And the excitement grew intense
when it was learned that a news
paper reporter had come in search
of an interview.
After various questions, the an
swers to which were prompted by
fond and anxious relatives, the
press representative asked:
“And now, tell me what you
would do if you could have your
time over again?”
There was a long silence while
the old man thought. Then he
said slowly:
“I think I would part my hair
in the middle!”
WEARY DESPONDENT
Aini Aa Crying ■pells, irritable
ll|KI ^ nerves due to functional
"monthly" pain should And
a real "woman’s friend” in Lydia E. Pink
ham’s Vegetable Compound. Try iU
Lydia L Pinkham’s compound
Glad Season
Youth is to all the glad season
of life; but often only by what it
attains or what it escapes.—Car
lyle.
( \
There Are Two Ways
to Get at Constipation
Yes, and only two ways-b e/ore
and after it happensI Instead of
enduring those dull, tired, head
achy days and then having to
take an emergency cathartic-why
not KEEP regular with Kellogg’s
All-Bran? You can, if your con
stipation is the kind millions have
-due to lack of "bulk” In the
diet. For All-Bran goes right to
the cause of this trouble by
supplying the "bulk" you need.
Eat this toasted, nutritious
cereal regularly — with milk or
cream, or baked Into muffins—
drink plenty of water, and see If
your life isn’t a whole lot bright
er! Made by Kellogg’s in Battle
Creek. If your condition is chron
ic, it is wise to consult a physician.
V___J
Happy in Knowing
It is a kind of happiness to
know to what extent we may be
unhappy.—La Rochefoucauld.
WHEN kidneys function badly and1
you suffer a nagging backache,
with dizziness, burning, scanty or too
frequent urination and getting up at
night; when you feel tired, nervous,
all upset ... use Doan's Pills.
| Doan’s are especially for poorly
working kidneys. Millions of boxes
are used every year. They are recom
mended the country over. Ask your
neighbor!
WNU—U 33—40
TO ORDER
• Advertising creates new
wealth by showing people new
and better ways of living, and
as it creates new wealth it con
tributes to the prosperity of
everyone touched by the flow of money
which is set up. In this way, don’t you
see, advertising is a social force which is
working in the interest of every one of us
every day of the year, bringing us new
wealth to use and enjoy.