Finland’s Economic Program
Is Based on ‘Farm and Forest’
FINNISH WOMEN have had the privilege of voting since
1906 and through the years have assumed many tasks normally
assigned to men in other countries. Here a group of them are lay
ing paving stones in front of the new post office and station in
Helsingfors, the nation’s center of government.
European Republic Plays
Important Interna
tional Role.
Prepared by National Geographic Society,
Washington, D. C.-WNU Service.
Finland (Suomi to Finns)
is represented in the Ameri
can melting pot of races by
140,000 native-born Finns or
residents of Finnish ances
try. It is better-known, how
ever, for the prompt pay
ments on its debts.
The loan from the United States
was not truly a war debt, since Fin
land during the World war did not
exist as a nation that could incur
debts; it was still a part of ths
crumbling Russian empire. The
money was borrowed to establish
the new Finnish national regime set
up in 1918, after a successful revo
lution.
Though one of Europe’s dwindling
family of war-baby nations, Finland
Is not small. With the dismember
ment of Poland, the republic takes
its place as the sixth largest coun
try on the continent. It is two
thirds the size of France, three
times the size of England. It would
rank next to California and Texas
in the United States. Throughout
Finland’s 148,000 square miles, how
ever, the Finns are scattered with
semi-pioneer spacing. In no district
does the population density exceed
one-sixth of that for England, and
the country’s average is only a twen
ty-fifth of England's average.
‘Northernmost' Nation.
Finland is the world’s farthest
north nation. It lies within the lati- j
tudes of Greenland, which is
sheathed in ice. But Finland is cov
ered instead with forests, principal
ly the pine and spruce in interna
KYOSTI KALLIO, president
of the republic of Finland. teas
elected in 1937 to serve a six
year term. Faced with the prob
lem of Soviet Russia’s “power
politics’’ the president directed
his country in a program of pre
paredness for “eventualities.’’
tional demand for timber, and a
smaller quantity of the birch which
makes Finland's superior plywood.
With its intricate network of lakes
and waterways to float logs to the
coast, and sawmilling as a leading
industry, Finland can lead all Eu
rope in the export of sawn timber.
More than four-fifths of Finland's
exports comes from the forests, as
lumber, woodpulp, cellulose, paper,
plywood, or wood manufactures;
such as matches, spools, skis, and
airplane propellers.
The Ice age has left still fresh
footprints in its northward retreat
across Finland: lakes, 65,000 of
them. They occupy almost a tenth
of the area within the country's
boundaries. On the southern border
between Finland and the Soviet Un
ion stretches broad Ladoga, the
largest lake in Europe.
The farmer, as a rule, is a for
ester and a fisherman as well, with
woods around his land except where
water gives him a broader blue ho
rizon. The forest-farmer is typical
of Suomi, where more than three
fourths of the people are rural and
only five cities have more than 30,
000 inhabitants. Less than a tenth
of the land is cultivated, but it yields
the thrifty Finn a sufficiency of
rye and potatoes, with enough fod
der for his live stock. The cattle,
in turn, supply butter and cheese,
distributed throughout northern Eu
ropean countries largely by co-op
erative societies.
Women Outnumber Men.
Like England and other countries
that suffered heavily from the World
war, Finland has more women than
men. Having had the privilege of
voting since 1906, the women have
assumed the responsibility of work
which men do in other countries—
hod-carrying, brick-laying, lumber
jacking, street-car-conductoring.
Finland’s men have been particu
larly outstanding in athletics, giving
their nation a pre-eminence in sports
like that of ancient Greece. Three
of the world records set by the Fly
ing Finn, Paavo Nurmi—“one of the
fastest things on feet”—are still un
broken.
North of the glacier-carved lakes
and deep forests stretches Finland’s
Arctic, where the midnight sun for
six weeks makes summer hotter
than it is 600 miles south in the cap
ital city, Helsinki. The small Pet
samo stretch of Arctic seacoast,
thanks to the Gulf Stream, is ice
free, and of great potential value
for shipping in case of Baltic sea
hazards due to ice or hostilities.
Banana Exports
Build New Port
For Costa Rica
United States Receives
Eighty Per Cent of
Total Production.
Prepared by National Geographic Society,
Washington, D. C.—WNU Service.
Bananas are largely re
sponsible for the fifteeen-mil
lion-dollar harbor develop
ment project on Costa Rica’s
Pacific coast, about sixty
miles south of Puntarenas,
western terminus of the
trans-Costa-Rican railroad.
Last year nearly 5,000.000 stems
or "stalks” of bananas were shipped
from Costa Rica alone, 80 per cent
of the country's production coming
to the United States. Of the total
Costa Rican export, 1,151,569 stems
were from the Pacific region and
3,803,122 from Limon, now the prin
cipal port and the Carribean coast
terminus of the Costa Rica rail
road. Blight and soil exhaustion
have caused the abandonment of
many of the large banana planta
tions in the Atlantic region, and the
rapid development of the Pacific
coast plantations is responsible for
the additional harbor development.
There has been a gradual decline
in Costa Rica’s export of bananas.
Last year's total of 4,954,691 was
only a little over half that of 1926.
Also, the importation of cocoa beans
into the United States last year was
less than half the 10.000,000 pounds
of 1937. On the other hand, the im
portation of Costa Rican coffee by
the United States has almost dou
bled in the past three years, show
ing a total for last year of nearly
14,000,000 pounds, though England
still is the principal consumer.
Coffee moved from Cuba to Costa
Rica and rapidly became the prin
cipal crop, outdistancing within 30
years the banana which had been
introduced into the New world early
in the colonial period. Bananas long
covered a region about twice the
area of Rhode Island in the Atlantic
region, but cocoa and other pro
ucts now are supplanting them
NATIONAL
AFFAIRS
Reviewed by
CARTER FIELD
Sidelights on a poll of
Washington correspondents
favoring Roosevelt for the
Democratic nomination . . .
U. S. gold-buying power
proposed as a war preven
tive . . . Government agen
cies are centering on a drive
against public utilities.
WASHINGTON.—In a recent poll
of Washington correspondents by
Newsweek it was disclosed that a
heavy majority of the news writers
in the capital think that President
Roosevelt will be renominated, and
that Sen. Arthur H. Vandenberg of
Michigan will be the Republican
nominee.
The poll was confidential as to
the views of any individual corre
spondent. So that the writer for the
most partisan Republican organ
could express his view freely that
Roosevelt would be nominated and
elected, whereas the correspondent
for the Daily Worker could predict
the nomination of John Nance Gar
ner by the Democrats, and of James
W. Wadsworth by the Republicans if
that is what he wanted to say. There
would be no repercussions.
This makes the poll a most inter
esting topic for conversation, and
presumably a fair cross section of
the views of the men whose occupa
tion it is to be expert observers.
Anyway they are being paid for it.
Furthermore, this writer takes no
exception to the list of correspond
ents selected by Newsweek for this
poll. He is rather effectively barred
from such criticism because he was
one of those polled!
Yet the odds of the only bets the
writer has heard about as to the
nomination of Roosevelt for a third
term are three to one against!
Whereas, it is almost impossible to
conceive events between now and
next July which will make Senator
Vandenberg’s stand against repeal
of the arms embargo in the extra
session helpful to his chances.
Actually the writer agrees with
the majority of correspondents
polled that the nomination of Roose
velt by the next Democratic conven
tion Is likely, despite the third-term
issue. Yet there is no denying that
most recent indications, especially
the swing of the left wing New Deal
ers to Paul V. McNutt, are to the
contrary.
Convention Situation
Might Force Roosevelt
The question is whether the con
vention situation will not be such
that Roosevelt will have to take the
nomination himself, or see it go to
some candidate who might not car
ry on the New Desil policies. The
“smart money” is apparently on the
side of his stepping down. But some
of that "smart money” is known to
be Gamer money, and this writer
is far from being alone in saying
that if it is to be Garner or a third
term, Roosevelt would go for the
third term.
As to Vandenberg, there is no
doubt that personally he is better
known and liked by the Washington
correspondents polled than any oth
er candidate. Personally, the writ
er agrees again, but the cold logic
would indicate that at least three
men have a better chance. These
are Thomas E. Dewey of New
York, Gov. John W. Bricker of Ohio,
and Sen. Robert A. Taft of Ohio.
At the present moment—subject
to change without notice, downtown
New York is for Bricker, and, prob
ably unalterably, strongly against
Dewey. This is something to be
reckoned with, for downtown New
York is very potent in two ways.
It’s where the big campaign contri
butions come from, and socially it
ramifies through the country.
Big frogs from hinterland little
pools are impressed beyond all
rhyme and reason when little frogs
in the New York pool confide their
political opinions. And when the lady
frogs in New York emit words of
political wisdom, sound or unsound,
it has an even greater effect on the
lady frogs from the hinterland pools.
U. S. Gold-Buying Power
Seen as War Preventive
Use of this nation’s gold-buying
power might have stopped Soviet
aggression on Finlhnd in its tracks
if a suggestion recently made to
President Roosevelt by an interna
tionally known financial authority
had worked out according to his
formula.
It was based on the fact that the
Soviet produces a very large por
tion of all the gold that the United
States treasury is buying from the
| rest of the world. Actually Russia
stands second in the list, with the
British empire first, but Russia has
been gaining and hopes to become
No. 1 gold producer before long.
But the only purchaser for this
gold, running well into the hundreds
of millions of dollars, is Uncle Sam.
He pays $35 an ounce for it. No
body else, practically, is buying any.
The proposal of this expert was
that President Roosevelt, with no
fanfare of publicity so that the So
viet authorities would be embar
rassed. let the Stalin government
know that if the Soviet govern
I
ment attacked Finland this govern
ment would stop buying gold from
the Soviet.
Not only that, but this government
would serve notice on all the other
governments in the world, including
especially Japan and the nations now
supplying Russia with war materi
als, that if they took any Russian
gold in payment for their products,
or in any other way, the United
States would no longer buy gold
from them.
The expert in question is absolute
ly confident that, if this had been
done, Stalin would not have dared
proceed against Finland. He points
out that there might be some em
barrassing consequences, in that the
net result might be to freeze gold,
and thus add another handicap to
world trade. But this, he insists,
would be worth the cost.
Scheme Would Not Cost
U. S. Government a Dollar
One attractive part of the scheme,
he explains, is that it would not cost
the United States government a dol
lar or the risk of one life. All it
would cost would be such exports as
this country is now able to make to
Russia, and for which Russia is
paying in gold. This country could
still sell to Soviet buyers all that
they could pay for in goods. The
only complication would be that it
would no longer take gold.
The worst complication about the
plan is that it would require consid
erable scrutiny to prevent any Rus
sian gold finding its way into our
hands and yet at the same time not
interfere with the British selling us
all the gold they could produce.
While there is no disposition to
change the present gold policy, un
der which the United States, alone
and virtually unaided, is pegging the
price of gold at $35 an ounce, even
if it were suddenly decided that
this program should be abandoned,
it would not be stopped until after
the present war is over.
This is the first time that any sug
gestion has been made to use the
enormous subsidy power of this gold
buying to coerce other nations into
a line of conduct which the United
States could approve.
Government Agencies in
Drive Against Utilities
The anti-utility drive is under way
again. A gullible reporter in Wash
ington will be told by all sorts of
public power functionaries that it
doesn’t mean a thing—that it was a
pure coincidence that Dave Lilien
thal, John Carmody, John Rankin,
George Norris and Harold Ickeshave
been laying down a barrage against
the electric companies. No one in
high command, it is asserted by the
underlings, pressed any button that
ended the truce which many neu
trals had hoped would work a per
manent peace.
But it does not take a very cynical
mind to conclude that there are just
too many individual actions, and im
pending actions, and that they all
fit together too precisely into a pat
tern, for the whole conglomeration
to be banditry instead of an organ
ized military operation. The tim
ing, also, is important. It came
on the eve of the final date for “in
tegration” of the holding companies
under the death sentence, being ad
ministered now by Jerome Frank of
SEC. It comes just a few weeks
before the scheduled beginning of
the monopoly committee’s probe
into investment trusts tied up with
the utilities. From this last, inci
dentally, the utility baiters hope for
great publicity from the big names
associated in the public mind with
Wall street which they expect will
be flashed on the front pages of
every newspaper in the country.
The strategy is even clearer when
one realizes that the new congress
will meet in January—right after
the public has been thoroughly shell
shocked by, first, the wickedness
of the power barons, via the T. N.
E. C. investigation, and, second, the
shameful unpreparedness from a
military standpoint, as Mr. Ickes’
lieutenants assure him will be dem
onstrated.
Colossal Shifting of
Business Equities Planned
SEC is guarding its strategy with
a secrecy so intense that one won
ders if anybody except Jerome
Frank himself knows the details of
its plan, which, it is admitted, will
shortly be sprung and involves a
forced "integration” system which
will be the most colossal shifting of
business equities in history.
T. N. E. C.’s plans are fairly ob
vious, aimed only at whipping John
Q. Citizen into line behind what the
public power group wants from con
gress.
But there is a curious indecision
in the general staff of the anti-utility
forces as to what to ask congress to
do—how to cash in quickly on all
this tremendous barrage and drive
the country further down the road
of complete socialism in the electric
industry. As a matter of fact, there
are a few pinks among the reds.
The pinks would leave all existing
steam operations in private hands,
only insisting that all hydroelectric
power should be public.
But the indecision is caused by
lack of conviction that congress will
be as amenable as when it was
handing out TV A appropriations,
loan and grant authorizations for
Ickes to use in subsidizing municipal
electric plants. The biggest factor
worrying the public power group is
the coal industry, not only the mine
owners but thw United Mine Work
ers. They don’t want any more
water-power plants, and they are
getting more potent on Capitol Hill
and more aggressive all the time.
(Belt Syndicate—WNU Service.)
WHO’S
NEWS
THIS
WEEK
By LEMUEL F. PARTON
NEW YORK.—Britain has an un
usual and difficult task in car
rying out its decision to bar Ger
man exports from the seas. It puts
_ this undertake
Can He Pocket ing in the
Germans as He hands of a
Did Decisions? m a " ™ h o
gained fame
by making a diligent study of enemy
exports when convicts burned Dart
mouth prison and exported 300 from
their ranks in 1932.
He is Sir Hubert du Parcq,
judge of the High Court of Jus
tice, and now chairman of the
enemy exports committee,
which, in view of neutral pro
test and somewhat confused
precedent for such action, may
be steering a difficult course.
For reasons which did not ap
pear in inadequate press ac
counts here, Sir Hubert’s in
quiry into the Dartmouth prison
break brought him great nation
al acclaim, and, soon thereafter,
he was both knighted and raised
to the high bench.
The savage outbreak made Eng
land a bit jittery, as such occur
rences are rare there. Sir Hubert,
a penologist as well as a lawyer and
judge, is a stern symbol of authori
ty, a strict interpreter of the law,
and he found and discountenanced
evidences of "coddling” the con
victs as a possible cause of the
mutiny. He recommended a stouter
jail and more watchful keepers. In
his report, he stressed the fact that,
just before the outbreak, the gover
nor of the prison had said to the
prisoners, “I am sorry that the por
ridge at yesterday’s breakfast was
not up to the usual standard." That,
thought Sir Hubert, was surely tak
en as a sign of timidity and might
well have caused the break. After
that Sir Hubert became a bulwark
of empire.
Taking his master’s degree at
Oxford, he won honors in the
classics. He was president of
the Oxford Union in 1902. He be*
came a highly successful lawyer
and politician, and, as a judge,
the strict legal constructionist
which the British traditionally
like. Lawyers could find no holes
in his decisions.
SCARCELY a day passes without
new evidence that Stephen T.
Early, White House secretary, has
become a new and authoritative
voice of the
Early I Say So government.
Second to That His direct
Of the President *nd emphatic
discourse, on
matters too delicate perhaps, under
present conditions, for the usual
frank presidential press conference,
has moved Mr. Early into the right
hand post of the late Louis Howe
and the Washington scribes are
writing him down as the most im
portant person in the executive of
fices, next to the President.
Born into an old Confederate
family of Crozet, Va., Mr. Early
became a Washington corre
spondent. He received the “sil
ver star” citation for bravery in
the World war, returned to
newspaper work in Washington,
and, immediately after the war,
established the long friendship
with Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
the allegiance of years which
has carried him up each plateau
of the Rooseveltian rise.
When President Harding was dy
ing in San Francisco, he slipped
down a hotel fire escape and had
the news of the President’s death on
the wire seven minutes before the
physician’s bulletin appeared. He is
thus given to acting on impulse, and,
as a poker player, he never played
close to his vest. Now he does,
say the Washington correspondents,
tight-lipped and cagey, and speaking
"not as the scribes and Pharisees,
but as one having authority.”
CAUGHT in the ruck of the Rus
sian revolution was a 17-year
old girl, playing the piano with swol
; len and half-frozen fingers, taking
. .... her turn in
Genius Is Like the bread
A Pine Growing lines, some
From Rock Cleft lfimes . fr°m
four in the
afternoon until 10 o’clock the next
morning. Today, she is Madame
Ania Dorfmann, Arturo Toscanini’s
guest soloist at a recent New York
concert, as another savage upheaval
shakes the world.
The years between have made
her a world-famous pianist. In
1920, she escaped to Constanti
nople. Thereafter she was never
ragged or hungry. She is small,
merry, blue-eyed and dark
haired and was Dorothy Thomp
son’s choice as the “perfect par
ty guest.”
Her home is in Madison avenue.
New York city. “Music,” she says,
“is a holding force.” Hers has held
through epic stress and strain.
(Consolidated Features—WNU Service.)
H0$P?. SEW
4*'"~ Ruth Wyeth Spears
HpHE new uses for crazypatch
stitches in Sewing Book 3 have
aroused so much interest that it
set us to thinking of smart new
ways to use pieced quilt block
designs. This border pieced of
small patterned cotton prints of
all kinds and colors put together
with red and blue strips is the
result. It is very striking and
decorative for lunch cloth shown
here which, by the way, is made
of unbleached muslin bags. The
seams where the bags are joined
to make the cloth the desired size
are covered with straight 1-inch
bands of the red and blue mate
rial as shown at the right.
The diagram at the lower left
shows you how to make a pattern
for the blue, red and print pieces.
Cut a triangle of stiff paper 4^
inches high and 7 inches wide at
the base. Mark the blue strip 1
inch wide along the left edge as
shown and then the red strip join
ing it on the right edge. Now cut
away the top and lower right cor
ners as shown. Cut the red, blue
and print sections apart and use
them for patterns in cutting the
fabric pieces adding ^-inch seam
at all edges.
NOTE: Readers who are now
using Sewing Books No. 1, 2 and 3
will be happy to learn that No. 4
is ready for mailing; as well as
the 10-cent editions of No. 1, 2
and 3. Mrs. Spears has just made
quilt block patterns for three de
signs selected from her favorite
Early American quilts. You may
have these patterns FREE with
your order for four books. Price
of books—10 cents each postpaid.
Set of three quilt block patterns
without books—10 cents. Send or
ders to Mrs. Spears, Drawer 10,.
Bedford Hills, New York.
ASK ME ^
ANOTHER (
f
\ A Quiz With Answers
* Offering Information
on Various Subjects
The Questions
1. What does being sent to Cov
entry mean?
2. What is the national language
of Brazil?
3. Is there any difference be
tween savor and flavor?
4. What is meant by a country’s
favorable balance of trade?
5. A procurator, a peregrinator
and a promulgator. One is a law
yer, one a publisher, and the other
a traveler. Which is which?
6. Is a silverfish a member of
the finny tribe?
7. Why are macadam roads so
called?
8. Can any person in the United
States obtain a patent?
9. What is the difference be
tween insulation and isolation?
10. From where is the word car
rousel derived?
The Answers
1. To be excluded from the so
ciety of the people to which one
belongs.
2. The national language of
Brazil is Portuguese.
3. Flavor refers more specifical
ly to odor and savor to taste.
However, the words are generally
synonymous.
4. More exported than imported.
5. Lawyer, traveler and publish
er, respectively.
6. No. A silver-fish is a house
hold insect.
7. For John Macadam, who in- I
vented the process.
8. The only persons in the Unit
ed States who cannot obtain a pat
ent, or hold a right or interest in
a patent, except by inheritance or
bequest, are the officers and em
ployees of the Patent office.
9. Insulation is separating by
nonconducting materials. Isola
tion means being apart, secluded.
However, that which is insulated,,
is also isolated.
10. Carrousel, meaning a merry
go-round, is a word from the
French, and means a tournament,
a tilting match. It was applied to>
the maneuver of cavalry troops in
an exhibition of various evolutions.
The name was given to the merry
go-round because of the resem
blance to a tournament of cavalry
men.
- k
AROUND
THE HOUSE
Read the labels on canned foods.
Many tell the number of slices
contained in the can. Others give
additional useful information about
the contents.
• * *
About Grapefruit.—A soft, dis
colored area at the stem end of
a grapefruit indicates decay and
decay, even in one small spot, will
affect the flavor of the whole fruit.
* * *
Use for Pickle Liquid.—Liquid
left over from mustard pickles is
excellent to mix with chopped
meat or fish and use in sandwich
fillings.
• * *
Milk will not scorch or stick to
the pan when boiling it if the
saucepan is rinsed with boiling
water just prior to putting in the
milk.
• * *
Chopping Nuts.—When finely
chopped nuts are needed for
cakes, salads or sandwiches run
the nuts through a food-chopping
machine.
Quick
uotes
Sentinel Feature*
SUCCESSFUL DEMOCRACY
<*' I 'HE chief problem of democracy, it
t it is to be successful and continu
ing, is the moral education and guidance
of the individual, and not the suppres
sion of the individual in the supposed
interest of some mass or group. ’—Dr.
Nicholas Murray Butler, President of
Columbia University.
Costly Murder Trial
The costliest murder trial of
modern times was that of Sacca
and Vanzetti in Boston, which
started in May, 1921, and ended'
with their execution in August,
1927. Not only did their defense
committee spend $325,000, but mil
lions of dollars were expended
throughout the world in newspaper
space, mass meetings and peti
tions to urge clemency.—Collier’s.
Ineligible to Judge
It is not permitted to the most
equitable of men to be a judge in
his own cause.—Blaise Pascal.
GOOD TASTE
p-HADf
Get relief from coughs due to colds without
swallowing bad-tasting medicine. Smith Bros.
Cough Drops taste delicious. Cost only 5*.
Smith Bros. Cough Drops are the
only drops containing VITAMIN A
Vitamin A (Carotene) raises the resistancei of
mucous membranes of nose and throat to <
I cold infections, when lack of resist- r
ance is due to Vitamin A deficiency. •*
r MARK
1 a m a a^a ^a | | "V^OU can depend on the special
\Jf a xV I J LhJ X sales the merchants of our
yY/ \ I | | town announce in the columns of
this paper. They mean money
TLJC CDCriAl C saving to ourreaders.lt always pays
THt brtV.1 AL3 to patronize the merchants who
advertise. They are not afraid of their merchandise or their prices.