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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 5, 1939)
Nation's Oil Industry Produces Large Share of World Supply Petroleum Plays Impor tant Role in American Economic Life. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.-WNTJ Service. Petroleum, the industry that this year is celebrating its eightieth anniversary of the discovery of oil in this country, still remains an in dustrial problem child. The year has been marked by a severe price crisis and temp orary curtailment of oil pro duction in the seven states that lead the United States in total barrels yielded. The shut-down of oil production In these seven states, if complete, would bottle up approximately 71 per cent of the United States’ output of the product. j* urmermore, me wens nneciea by such a shut-down ordinarily pro duce about 45 per cent of the world’s flow of petroleum. The states Involved are Texas, Okla homa, Louisiana, Kansas, New Mex ico, Michigan, and Arkansas (in the order of their volume of output). These include four of the leading oil states of the nation, which in turn is by far the leading oil pro ducer of the world. United States wells last year poured forth nearly a billion and a quarter barrels—six times the output of Soviet Russia, which ranked second. Texas alone, has more than 80,000 wells. Discovered 80 Years Ago. The vast United States petroleum industry is a young one, dating from Colonel Drake's striking oil in Pennsylvania just 80 years ago. But the industry now involves invest ments of some $15,000,000,000, em ployees numbering 750,000, and in numerable consumers, not the least of whom are the drivers of Amer ica’s 31,000,000 motor vehicles. In the value of its varied and widely used products, petroleum ranks fourth among the industrial Western Ideas Affect Ankara, Turkish Capital City Undergoes Complete Change in 16-Year Period. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.—WNU Service. The rise in less than two decades of a provincial town to a world capital is the story of Ankara, Turkey. Inter woven with the rise of the city is the story of a people finding new life. Ankara was a city of only about 20,000 inhabitants in 1923 when the late leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk announced that it was to succeed Istanbul as the capital of Turkey. Narrow streets that wound through this inland city on the Asiatic side of the Bosporus were flanked with whitewashed buildings whose upper stories extended so far over the not too-clean passageways that pedes trians were shielded from the blaz ing sun. Bullock carts and donkeys were the chief means of transpor tation; the water supply was ques tionable as to purity and undcpenda- I ble as to quantity; there was prac tically no street lighting; oriental bazaars were the chief shopping places; fezzes and turbans topped all masculine Turkish heads, while the women covered their faces in traditional Moslem fashion when they ventured beyond the privacy of their homes. Ancient Atmosphere Remains. Although the government has spent more than $400,000,000 in re cent years to modernize the city. KEMEL ATATVRK is the man responsible for the chang ing of the provincial town of Ankara to a world capital. Ata turk, the late ruler of Turkey, who introduced many western ideas into his country, decided in 1923 that Ankara would suc ceed Istanbul as his capital city and he immediately began a number of civic improvements which have resulted in a mod ern city. the old town has not been entirely stripped of its ancient atmosphere. Lofty minarets still rise flngerlike above streets that have changed lit tle except for electric lights, water mains and a thorough cleaning Oth er Ankara streets, however, have become well-paved boulevards and modern buildings now facing them have taken the place of old struc tures. From its humble beginnings, just 10 years ago, Ankara has grown in population more than sixfold. It now shelters approximately 125.000 in habitants. TANK FARM. Typical of the groat change the petroleum in dustry is making in America’s economic picture is this scene of a modern petroleum tank farm which has replaced an Okla homa wheat field of twenty years ago. From fields like this flow nearly a billion and a quar ter barrels of oil each year. giants of the century (steel, auto mobiles, meat, petroleum). The driver who pulls into a filling station and casually gives the “Fill ’er up’* order, is tapping an in dustry that reaches from coast to coast, from mile-deep oil wells through pipe lines, refineries, chem ical laboratories, tank ships and cars, large central accounting of fices, to the curbstone pump of vari colored gasoline. Numerous Methods of Use. Anyone who lights a kerosene lamp, buys an oil furnace, rides an airplane or a Diesel-powered passenger train, oils a squeaking hinge, crosses an asphalt-covered street, unwraps paraffin paper from a sandwich, or uses anything im ported on an oil-burning boat, is taking advantage of the subterran ean power pumped into circulation by the United States’ extensive pe troleum industry. Glycerine and insecticides, anti freeze chemicals for automobile en gines and quick-drying chemicals for brushless shaving creams, in dustrial alcohols, lubricating oils to fight friction in the galloping ma chinery of today’s high speeds, non nauseating anesthetics, and plastics are among the varied products which accompany gasoline out of modern refineries. Some of the by product chemicals take their places on the pharmacist’s shelf, or go down on the farm to speed the ripening of fruit and vegetables when a late spring has cut down the normal growing period. Synthetic rubber, explosives, and ingredients for printing ink and photographic supplies are other uses found for petroleum products. I NATIONAL AFFAIRS Reviewed by CARTER FIELD President Roosevelt was reluctant to call congress in to special session this early . . . He wanted to postpone it until much later ... Sure to be long debate, especially in the senate, over the neu trality act . . . Senator Bridges, just now, is the most active candidate for presidential nomination. WASHINGTON.—There were three big reasons why President Roose velt reluctantly called congress into special session at this time, instead of postponing the call until much later, as he had hoped. The three reasons, in the order named, were Russia, Italy, and a group of senators including notably William E. Borah of Idaho, Ar thur H. Vandenberg of Michigan and Arthur Capper of Kansas. Russia and Italy figured for ob vious reasons. Russian troops have Invaded Poland. No body knows what she plans to do— how far her agree ments with Hitler will carry her. Italy is neutral, but pre pared for war up to the hilt. The British and French are try ing their best not only to keep her from joining Germa- _ ny, but to bring her &en' Borah in on their side. This last is not so much for the assistance Italian sol diers would render, but to provide an open path through which the British and French could attack Germany, thus short-circuiting the Siegfried line, and also to prevent the flowing of food and supplies Into Germany. This last is vital because the British and French governments are counting on eventual victory through strangulation more than military triumphs. The biggest single factor which could be brought to play on both Russia and Italy, obviously, would be some convincing evidence that, in the long run, Germany must cer tainly be defeated. Anything which convinced either Stalin or Musso lini of that would be sure to keep Stalin neutral, and to induce Mus solini to play along with London and Paris. Obviously, also, a very potent fac tor in convincing Stalin and Musso lini of this would be a forceful dem onstration that the United States was so strongly on the side of Brit ain and France that it would take only a little push to bring this coun try into the war on their side. Roosevelt Dreaded Idea of Long 1 trades in Congress Roosevelt disliked the idea of an extra session, at first, because he feared speeches would be made which would misrepresent this pic ture—would do a great deal of harm, in fact, in their effect on the European situation. He dreaded the idea of long tirades, making front page headlines in Berlin. Rome and Moscow, by such senators as Ger ald P. Nye, Borah and Vandenberg. But—Borah, Nye, Vandenberg and Capper burst out on the front pages of the country’s newspapers any how, with strong statements which were represented in Rome, Berlin and Moscow not as minority views, but as the platform of the political party in the United States which probably would win the next elec tion! Which removed the objection to the extra session, and intensified the reasons justifying it. Repeal of Arms Embargo Desired Early as Possible There is no way, so far as can be seen at present, to prevent a very long debate in the upper cham ber. This is important, both to the ad ministration and to business. The White House is anxious that busi ness men in general, and prospec tive manufacturers of guns, ammu nition, airplanes, etc., in particu lar. should be sure of fairly speedy repeal as soon as possible. The point here is to prevent a wholesale exodus of capital seeking such war profits to Canada. The President’s interest in this is, strangely enough, in line with his general interest for years, in the workers rather than in the capital ists who employ them—or, as the capitalists involved would say—who provide the jobs for the workers. As the administration sees the pic ture the obvious course for a capital ist interested in setting about the manufacture of arms, ammunition, airplanes or anything else on the embargoed list, would be to have a plant constructed right here—pro vided—he was sure the embargo would be lifted speedily. Otherwise, that obvious thing for that capitalist to do would be to build n plant in Canada, where he would be sure of a friendly govern ment, no restrictions on his exports, all sorts of concessions, such as pri ority for his shipments of material, and a firm policy by the govern ment against any strike tending to slow down his production. So the capitalist, the White House figures, might be even better off if he did move to Canada. But American workmen would not be. For obviously in Canada idle Cana dian workers would have first call. Their government would see to that. Wants Capital to Confine Operations to United States The other side of the picture, and one that the President wants stressed, is that the capitalist in question would be much better off in the days to come if he confines his operations to the United States and thus gives employment and buy ing power to this country. This is true, the White House believes, whether the United States should later become involved in the war or not. If the United States remains neu tral, there is no doubt about it Certainly, as Canada gives more and more aid to Britain in the war, she must raise taxes, even on vis iting munition makers. Much of the profits will thus be lost through war taxes. Also, it is pointed out, what is to be done with the plant after peace finally comes? If the plant is inside the United States, inside our customs barriers, there will be an incomparably greater opportunity to turn it to some peacetime occupa tion that will be profitable. This problem will be tough enough, any how, as many production industries not connected with "arms, ammu nition and implements of war” will encounter a sharp letdown at that time. Presumably Europe will be gin a feverish competition to regain its markets, lost for the duration of the war, in Latin America and else where in the world, which the Unit ed States will have been supplying. • Senator Bridges Is Out for Presidential Nomination Sen. H. Styles Bridges of New Hampshire is the most active candi date for the presidential nomination in any party, if one is to judge by the mass of boosting material re ceived by newspapers and maga zines from his publicity bureau. Old timers are unable to remember any candidate who was ever nominated by that route, but every now and then there is an interesting point, and one with merit, in the Bridges handouts. For instance, a dissertation on the notion that a man must come from a big, pivotal state in order to have a chance. The Bridges press agents riddle this hoary political maxim very effec tively. They are per fectly right that state pride, on which politicians count so much, functions only spasmodically when it comes to deliver- „ ing electoral votes. ®en' r ®es The Bridges press agents fail to mention it, but it actually did de liver electoral votes if one goes back to 1896. In that year the Demo cratic national convention defied the big pivotal state notion and named William Jennings Bryan as its can didate. Bryan was crushingly de feated, of course, but he did carry his own state of Nebraska, with eight electoral votes. However, when he ran again, in 1900, McKinley carried it. The tide was too strong, just as it was too strong in 1936 for Alfred M. Lan don to carry his own small state of Kansas, which seemed to be seeth ing with state pride during the cam paign. Nor did the addition of “Brother Charlie” Bryan to the Democratic national ticket in 1924, for second place, result in Nebraska’s going for Davis and Bryan. It went over whelmingly for Coolidge, as did West Virginia, the birthplace and political background of John W. Da vis, head of the ticket. Some More Examples Out Of the Political Past New York state voted heavily for Alfred E. Smith, giving him prodi gious majorities when he was run ning for governor, every time at least except in 1920, when the Hard ing landslide pulled him down. In that election he ran 1,000,000 votes ahead of his ticket, but was beaten. Yet when he ran for President in 1928 New York gave its electoral votes to Herbert Hoover by a small but safe majority. The truth is that politically New York has little state pride. It is almost too big to care. There is no such feeling as exists in some of the smaller states where the local boy who has made good is regarded, frequently, ns a neighbor. Pennsyl vania, up to 1934, was so heavily Re publican that neither party thought of looking there for a candidate. Yet the late Philander C. Knox would have been nominated for President by the Republicans if Hi ram W. Johnson had been willing to run with him as vice president! In which event Johnson would have been President, for Knox died short ly thereafter. One has to skip the next state in electoral strength, Illinois, and get down to Ohio to find real local pride. There is plenty of that in the Buck eye state, but also plenty of bitter ness as between factions, as when enemies of Warren G. Harming fought him so bitterly in the prima ries that they captured some dele gates for Leonard Wood, and when enemies of Sen. Frank B. Willis, in 1928, fought him when he was try ing to land the delegation to the convention that named Hoover. (Bell Syndicate—WNU Service.) WHO’S NEWS THIS WEEK - By LEMUEL F. PARTON NEW YORK.—Early this year, Germany and Italy were mak ing vigorous efforts to swing Brazil into their lineup, perhaps knowing n better than the Brazil General s r e s t o f t h e Plea for Unity world what Heartens U. S. la* ahead There were disquieting reports of their progress, later offset by more comforting news and now quite definitely scotched, it would appear. The cur rent insistence of General Pedro Aurelio Goes Monteiro that there must be continental unity in the Western hemisphere is the most def initely responsive message that our state department has yet obtained in its overtures to Latin-America. “We must be prepared to face any eventuality,” says the general, “and to ward off at tacks against this continent of liberty and tolerance.” He is known as the “General Grant of Brazil,” this tag being due to his suppressing the San Paolo revolt in 1932, and disclosing a pen chant for co-operation with the government thereafter. Washington made a great fuss over him, when he was here last July, having pre vailed over Germany in an encoun ter of international tuft-hunting— Germany was readying a big party for him, but he stopped off here, instead. Fifty years old, round-faced and amiable, he is professional soldier, but bears none of the impress of the military career ist. He moved up slowly through grades in the army, and did not become a captain until 1924. He became chief of staff in 1932, commanding an army of 65,000. In 1936, his son, Lieut. Pedro Aurelio Goes Monteiro Jr., was killed in an airplane accident. He has one daughter. VISCOUNT GORT, commanding the British forces in France, is only 53 years old and therefore es caped War Minister Leslie Hore _ . . . . Belisha’sarmy British Oldsters youth move Reassured by ment of 1937. Gen. Gorton Job »etwas one,of Kitchener s men in the early days of the World war, a staff officer, in many en gagements, honored with the Mili tary cross, the Victoria cross and the Distinguished Service order. He is rather slight in stature, with thinning hair, quietly unassuming, given to reserve in manner and quiet, easy speech. He was trained at Sandhurst, and in the World war gained a reputation as a shrewd strate gist, capable of scoring with out sacrificing too many men. He is distinctly of the pre-1914 school of army tradition, and that has been a matter of con siderable satisfaction In Eng land. Septuagenarians, whispering in their clubs, complained that this young Hore-Belisha, only 43, was raising the very devil with the army. With the sixth Viscount Gort still on the job, there is reassur ance. THERE seems to be a bit of nov elty in a college course on how not to get hysterical in wartime. President Ralph C. Hutchison, pres ident of Wash College Offers ington and Course in Sanity Jefferson col In Time of War le*e> ? u 11 e given to aca demic innovations, announces the course, or rather courses, with four faculty members teaching four courses, each yielding full college credit. Origins and inducements of war, the propaganda build-up and particularized information on any particular war which might be in the offing will be elaborated to boost calm reason and prevent “mass hysteria.” It was in 1933 that Dr. Hutchi son told a state convention of New Jersey school teachers that “education in high schools, .col leges and universities has be come the great American rack et.” His idea, later expounded and amplified, is that the above is made manifest by the appall ing number of college graduates who are just a jump or two ahead of the police In “defalca tions, corrupt practices, munic ipal graft” and the like. He is a former Presbyterian min ister of Florissant, Colo., president j of W. & J. since 1932. (Consolidated Features—WNU Service.! | Golden Banquet Hall The Golden Banquet chamber of | the city hall of Stockholm Sweden, has mosaic walls against a back- I ground of glittering gold. Over a million tiny pieces of colored stones went to make the decoration and each separate piece gleams on the j visitor. I Star Dust ★ Cooper Plays Soldier ★ Joan Fontaine Has IF ay it Try Musical Picture —- By Virginia Vale — t WAR pictures of all varie ties are on their way to ! your neighborhood theater or , one near it. Some are new, some are old. Those of us who were going to movies during the last war will rec ognize in some everything but the actors as products of the past. However, with sound, and new people going through the motions, no doubt they’ll seem new enough. “The Road Back" is to be re issued by Universal, with the scenes that were deleted when the picture was made in 1937 because of an official request that they be omitted, in a desire not to annoy Germany. It looks as if Gary Cooper might as well reconcile himself to wear ing a uniform whenever he steps in front of a camera. His current pic ture, “The Real Glory,” presents him as an American lieutenant in the medical corps, way back in 1906. He’ll begin work shortly in “Black out Over Europe," which deals with air raids in the present war. -rlt Andrea Leeds has announced her engagement, and not to an actor. It's to be hoped that marriage won’t mean her giving up her career; she has come so fast in so short a time. ANDREA LEEDS Rising to fame with a scream in “Stage Door,” she’s gone right along; in “The Real Glory” she gives an excellent performance. t The March of Time is stepping into the full-length feature field with “The Ramparts We Watch,” based on the book by Major George Field ing Eliot According to the an nouncement, it “brings to the screen a new production idea in feature pictures with a realistic plot that carries a terrific impact in view of the events in Europe today.” Work started about the middle of Septem ber in New London, Conn., and the picture will have no connection with the regular March of Time issues. Many a girl would like to know Joan Fontaine’s formula for getting what she wants. She does it every time. She married Brian Ahearne, causing several your.g actresses in New York and points west to gnaw the woodwork in rage. Now she’s slated for the lead in “Rebecca,” for which many tests were made and many wires were pulled. Olivia de Haviland’s younger sister seems to be doing all right for herself, while Olivia goes right along, look ing perfectly beautiful in costume pictures and confining romance to the screen. —m— Maybe those spectacular musical pictures will return to the screen, if you show that you like them. “On your toes,” with Zorina, will act as a thermometer; if audience approv al shows that the temperature is right, there’ll be more like it. Grace Moore may do one called “Say It With Music,” incorporating incidents from her own life and a lot of Irving Berlin’s music. Inci dentally, Miss Moore once again proved herself the darling of the ship news reporters, when she re turned from Europe recently; she always makes a statement that makes the headlines, whether she’s sailing away or sailing home. This time she was going to rush back to France and join an ambulance corps —after she finished engagements to sing in concert and opera, etc. Johnny Green, who used to wave the baton for Columbia pictures, and docs now for the Johnny Pre sents programs on the air, has proved that he is a serious com poser. He has finished a concerto, “Music for Elizabeth,” which Jose Iturbi (that veteran of the Bing Cros by hour) will introduce at Carnegie Hall this season. “Elizabeth” hap pens to be Mrs. Johnny Green as well as Betty Furness of the films. X|/ ODDS AND ENDS—Kaye Kayser refused recently to play “Over There” feels that all marches and military music should be barred in this country at present . . . Raymond I’aige is col lecting voice recordings of dignitaries and statesmen involved in the current crisis . . . Grade Allen s been indulg- j ing in a shopping splurge, buying frocks to wear before the microphone . But Beatrice Kay, of “Columbia s Gay Nineties Revue,” just digs in’o her great-aunts’ trunks; she came up with a pair of red cotton stockings with lace inserts the other afternoon, (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) WELDING SCHOOL War Activity Creates Great Demand for trained Arc and Gas Welders. Write for Information regarding our expert instruc tion. Box 80, Sioux City, Iowa. AUCTIONS TRY McKELVIE'S SATURDAY LIVE STOCK Auctions, Council Bluffs, Iowa. STOVE & FURNACE REPAIRS OF D A I DC for any stove nCrHIIld FURNACE or BOILER Prompt Shipments Since 1883 Order Through Your Deafer OMAHA STOVE REPAIR WORKS ‘Hour Glass’ Frocks Flatter Your Figure C'VEN house dresses must flat *-* ter your figure this fall—like No. 1822, cldVerly dart-fitted at the waistline. It’s really pretty enough to make up in street ma terials as well as in household cottons like gingham, calico and percale. Deep armholes and belt less waistline make it supremely comfortable to work in. As you see from the diagram, it’s so easy to make that you can finish it in a day. So Feminine and Charming. Here’s a grand double value, in No. 1827, that gives you a dress, with two-way neckline, in the se ductive new silhouette, and, be sides, a flaring, frill-edged petti coat! The flare-skirted dress, with broad shoulders and a waist line slimmed in by side sash belts, can be made either with the youth ful collar and cuffs, or with a plain round neckline. You’ll love it both ways. For this, choose taffeta, wool crepe, flat crepe oi faille. The Patterns. No. 1822 is designed for size» 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48. Size 36 requires 4% yards of 35 inch material. Two yards of trim ming. No 1827 is designed for sizes 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. Size 14 re quires 4^ yards of 39-inch mate rial with short sleeves; 4% yards with long sleeves; % yard for con trasting collar and cuffs; 2 yards of braid. Size 14 requires 13A yards of 39-inch material for pet ticoat, with 2xk yards of pleating. Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1324, 211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111. Price of patterns, 15 cents (in coins) each. (Bell Syndicate—WNU Service.) Pulse of Youth The heart that has once been bathed in love’s pure fountain re tains the pulse of youth forever.— Landor. Do You Suffer from Nerves? Hutchinson, Kans. — Mrs. Charles Dyche, 429 East E St., says : "I was not feeling well, was irri table, didn’t rest well at night, and was so weak and tired all the while. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Pre scription increased my ap petite, helped to strength en me and relieved me of that tired, weakened con dition.” Buy it in liquid or tablets from your druggist today, bee how much calmer you feel after using K. WNU—U_ 40—39 Cowards Die Often Cowards die many times before their death; the valiant taste death but once.—Shakespeare. 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