Plight of European Jews Emphasizes Need of Haven Tanganyika Most Frequent ly Mentioned Refuge for Persecuted Jews Prepared by National Geographic Society. Washington. D. C.—WNU Service. The plight of Jews in Europe has brought into the news spotlight many possible havens. Thus far, Tanganyi ka, a former German colony in Africa (now British), has been most frequently men tioned. In addition, however, suggested places of refuge include Kenya and Northern Rhodesia, British African col onies; Madagascar, French owned island off southeast Africa; British Guiana on the northern coast of South America; and Melville Island, off northwestern Australia. Tanganyika, spreading over more than 366,000 square miles of East Africa, was the lion’s share of the former German East Africa divides after the World war, and now is an important link in the chain of "Brit ish pink” that spreads uninterrupted from the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope. v Hal iurcsis inav cuvit uiuuatiuuo of square miles of the mandated area ari the basis of a profitable lumber industry. Then there are extensive open areas used as farm lands where sisal cotton, coffee, ground-nuts, and grain are grown for domestic needs, and for export. Other open country supports 5,000. 000 cattle, more than half as many sheep and upwards of 300,000 goats. There are known deposits of gold mica, tin and diamonds, but mineral resources have not been extensively worked. Dar es Salaam, the chief port and largest city in the old German col ony, is in telegraphic communication with many inland towns and vil lages, and with the adjoining British colonies, Nyasaland, Kenya, Ugan da, and Northern Rhodesia. Kenya Ruled by England. Kenya, northern neighbor of Tan ganyika, looks small on the map of vast Africa, but it is actually larger than France. It is a land of lakes that have no outlet, deserts where it sometimes does not rain for a year or more at a time, fertile, well-watered farm lands, elephants that climb moun tains, and tribes where a wife can be bought for a small amount of grain or coffee. England rules Kenya, but she pays rent for part of it. A strip 10 miles wide along more than half its Indian ocean coast, and some is lands off shore, are leased from the sultan of Zanzibar. England exer cises a protectorate over this terri tory, but the rest of Kenya is a British crown colony. Forming the boundary of Kenya’s southwest corner is huge Lake Vic toria, second largest fresh water lake in the world. It is the chief source of the White Nile. More than 3,000,000 people live in Kenya. Among them are 17,000 Eu ropeans, 38,000 Asiatics, and 11,000 ATBDS. Most of Northern Rhodesia occu pies the central plateau of Africa. Only a small area is less than 3.000 feet above sea level while much of it is above 5,000 feet. Mineral resources of Northern Rhodesia are copper, lead and zinc. The natives have not been apt stu dents of agriculture. Today there are in the colony about 10,000 white men. Most of the whites live in the southeast near the railroad which links important population centers of the Belgian Congo, Northern and Southern Rho desia, and South Africa. Communications Are Poor. Lack of communications has been one of the colony's chief drawbacks. Until more railroads and modern highways streak the colony, native porters and canoes will be Northern Rhodesia’s chief burden bearers. Madagascar with 241,000 square miles outranked in area among the islands of the world only by New Guinea, Borneo and Greenland. A high, barren plateau, edged with cliffs, rises in the central part ol the island. Towering above the pla teau are huge mountain masses. Besides rice and coffee Madagas car produces vanilla, cocoa, spices, rubber, sugar millet, maize, cotton, and tobacco, as well as cattle, pigs, A view of l.ake Hannington in Great Rift Valley, Kenya Colony, hast Africa. In the background is famed Laikipia escarpment, at the base of which roams herds of ele phants. sheep and goats. But rice is the staple crop. Diego-Suarez, which has one of the finest natural harbors in the world, serves as French naval base and chief commercial port of the island. The native tribes (Malagasy) are not related in any way to African races, but seem to be derived from Melanesian and Malayo-Polynesian stock. Madagascar’s climate varies ac cording to altitude. The coastal lands are hot and unhealthy, but towns on the high plateau have cool air and moderate temperatures. The country in the extreme south is semi-arid and rather like the Amer ican Southwest. British Guiana has a total area larger than England, Scotland, and Wales together. Yet the population is little more thnn 300,000, or about two people to a square mile, except in the cities. (In contrast, Germany has 360 people per square mile) Georgetown, the capital, accounts for one-fifth of the entire colony’s inhabitants. Gold, Diamonds Abound. Over two million ounces of gold and two million carats of diamonds have been brought out of British Guiana's jungle hinterland. Exports of bauxite ore for aluminum now rival the value of sugar exports. But almost nothing has been done with rr:- <3 Jewish refugees such as this woman will be housed in Brit ish African or South Ameri can colonies if plans for a haven for the oppressed are culminated. reported deposits of manganese ore, oil, and mica, because the rivers— only lines of communication into the mountains of the interior—are inter rupted by a sudden wall-like edge of the interior plateau, over which plunge some of the highest and most spectacular waterfalls in the world. Melville island, which could ac commodate some 25,000 Jewish families, is a rough half-moon of land across a narrow channel from Australia’s chief northern port of Darwin. Melville island, with an abundant supply of fresh water, was chosen as the site of the first colony of northern Australia. The natives are a healthy, sturdy people who live in crude huts made of gum bark. The island is plentifully supplied by a wealth of timber. From this bark are also made canoes, baskets, and various objects for housekeeping and ceremonial use. It even serves as a temporary burial mound be fore th* customary grave posts arc set up, and as a patch of modesty in the “fig-leaf” costume of native women. To capable fishermen and hunt ers, the island offers an abundance of natural food in jungle fruit anc game, in turtle eggs, crabs, lizards —and the popular dugong, or “see cow," a huge blubbery creature. Although now uncultivated, th< fertile soil of Melville island is wel adapted to the growth of such trop ical products as coconuts, rubber and cotton. Wild herds of buffah still roam the watered plains. als< suitable for raising domestic stock NATIONAL AFFAIRS Revitwtd by CARTER FIELD General Johnson stirs up Washington by his advocacy of Garner for President... Roper leaves a tough spot and enigma for Washington . . . No more foreign loans will be the slogan this win ter . . . Boost Taft for finance committee. WASHINGTON.—Daniel C. Roper leaves a tough spot and an enigma for Washington. The answer to the enigma may come before very long and it will be worth studying. Ac tually that answer will forecast the future not only with respect to the attitude the administration will take towards business, but even as to the probability of a third term for Pres ident Roosevelt. .—.. i It so happened that i the final forcing out | of Roper came just I after publication of a magazine article by Gen. Hugh S. I Johnson which dis | cussed the third | term possibility, and f predicted that i Roosevelt would turn ~ Mi a llUle t0 t,le r'S"1 '; in order to make Gen. Johnson certain his renomi nation and re-election. This Johnson article aroused no end of bitter comment in Washing ton, not only because of his frank characterization of many of the New Dealers as "crackpots” but because of his prediction that an overwhelm ing flood of returning prosperity would come within three weeks aft er John Nance Garner became Pres ident! The New Dealers of course do not concede that an administration such as Garner would conduct would re sult in prosperity. But they object even more violently to the idea of Garner for President. Obviously they do not want any such "exodus of crackpots” as Johnson predicts would occur if Garner became Pres ident. They would much rather have an exodus of the Garners. Department of Commerce Does Not Regulate Business In the policies to be carried on by the new secretary of commerce there is not so much interest as one might think. Actually there are oth er branches of the government which are of much more interest to business. For example, the trust busting division of the department of justice. For example, the secur ities and exchange commission. For example, the ICC, the federal trade commission, the WPA, the PWA, yes, even the TVA. Actually the department of com merce is not a menace to business. It does not regulate business. It does not decide on the taxes that business will have to pay. It makes many studies and gathers a lot of data which is of value to business, especially on exports and imports. But even on that it is of nothing like the importance to business that the tariff commission is, and does not compare to the reciprocal trade treaty negotiating division of the state department. But nevertheless the appointment of a secretary of commerce is of enormous importance, despite the comparatively drab and workaday functions of the department he will head. Not by any means because of the actual acts that the secretary of commerce will perform, but be cause his mere selection is a hint as to the attitude of the President. So it makes a lot of difference whether the post is filled by a man whom business men regard as a witch burner, or whether the ap pointment goes to a man to whom business generally feels friendly. No More horeign Loans Will Be Slogan This Winter No more foreign loans will be the slogan on Capitol Hill this winter. Congress is all set to be isolation ist, as far as Europe is concerned. It is all set to be extremely friendly to the other countries of this hemi sphere. It would even be willing to fight to prevent foreign aggres sion south of the Rio Grande. But it is not willing to risk another dol lar of taxpayers’ money on loans to any foreign government, or to individuals in any foreign country, either for trade development—the idea Secretary of the Treasury Hen ry Morgenthau Jr. is toying with— or for building up their own national defense. This last idea seems to be strong in Lima, where the Latin-American countries that favor the new ver sion of the Monroe Doctrine, which might now be called a mutual de fensive alliance, are rather intrigued with playing their own part. That part of course, as far as one can learn here, to be financed from ■ Washington. Loans for trade development were always popular in New York and in big manufacturing communities. There is a selfish interest as big as a barn door to explain it. Much oi the 1S27, 1928 and early 1929 pros perity was built on foreign loans i Out in the country, if one is to be , lieve returning congressmen, there is a very different attitude. There is a very keen recollection of the foreign bonds that defaulted, and there is considerable resentment against those the folks out in the country hold responsible. In fact, this was one of the highly significant causes of the tremendous flop in the prestige of Herbert Hoo ver. The casual observer thinks of American investors as some re stricted class living mostly in old eastern cities. Let’s look at a par ticular instance involving these de faulted foreign bonds. Bank Depositors Stung by Defaulted Foreign Bonds It so happened that the city of Pocatello, Idaho, had a consider able deposit in a local bank. Under the law, the city’s funds were pro tected more rigorously than the deposits of ordinary citizens. It was required that sound bonds be ear marked in the bank’s vault as • special guarantee. Came the bank holiday and the city officials wanted to know about the city funds. “Where are the bonds protecting them?” they demanded. The bank officials sadly showed the city officials just what they had done. They had earmarked certain bonds of South American republics as being the collateral of the city deposits. “But why should you have treated us like this?” the city officials pro tested. "Why did you put worth less bonds behind our deposits?” The bankers explained that, on the advice of federal bank examiners, the bank had bought these foreign bonds. Not only that, they had sold, at a loss, some irrigation bonds which the bank examiners seemed to think nothing of. The bank ex aminers had lists of bonds they con sidered good, and these foreign bonds were on it. This was not an isolated instance. Depositors all over the country, ranging down *e obscure hamlets, were penalized by this craze of the Washington government to loan money abroad. The point is that the folks knew it then, and remem ber it now. And their congressmen know all about it. Want Senator-Elect Taft on Senate Finance Committee A quiet ca paign is under way to make Senator-elect Robert A. Taft a member of the senate finance com mittee. In many ways the finance committee is the most important in the senate. It decides on all tax questions and handles all tariff bills. Normally a freshman senator does not aspire so high. If he makes this committee, or appropriations, or foreign relations in his first six year term, he thinks he has made real progress. To make the Taft ambition all the tougher, it so hap pens that no Republican member of the finance committee fell by the wayside this year. As a matter of fact only one of them was up this year. That was James J. Davis of Pennsylvania, who won both his re nomination and re-election fights handily. Other Republican members of the committee are Arthur Capper of Kansas, Arthur H. Vandenberg of Michigan and John G. Townsend of Delaware. Sen. Robert M. La Fol lette of Wisconsin is also a mem ber, but is classified as a Progres sive instead of as a Republican. In the last session there were 16 Democrats on this committee, only four Republicans, and one Progres sive. It remains to be seen what concessions will be made to the Republicans in committee assign ments due to their increased strength. Having the majority, the Democrats can do anything they please. But the probability is that the Republicans will get at least two more members of this committee. There are eight new Republican senators, and it just so happens that two of them replace Democratic members of the committee. Democratic Losers Are Replaced by Republicans Taft, replacing Sen. Robert J. Bulkley, is one of these. The other vacancy was caused by the defeat of Sen. Augustine Lonergan of Connecticut. Both states have been conceded almost a vested interest in the finance committee, due to the days when the most im portant function of tuiiuumcc framing tariff bills. „ „ , as both states rank S,e11, Bu ey high in their manufacturing interest and hence are vitally interested in the protective tariff. Other states sending Republican senators to replace Democrats are New Jersey. New Hampshire, Wis consin, South Dakota. Kansas and Oregon. Wisconsin can be eliminat ed as far as the Taft candidacy for the finance committee is concerned because it already has one member of the committee in La Follette. New Jersey, which is sending War ren Barbour back to the upper house, is normally considered as ranking high in its claims to a voice in the finance committee, but noth ing like so high as Ohio, and there is no word that Barbour is making a bid for the place. Obviously the other states are not so much entitled to consideration because of population, wealth or manufacturing interest as Ohio. Kansas already has a Republican member of the committee, Arthur Capper.