WIRED MAGIC . . .
• The telephone on your desk is within
reach of 32,000,000 other transmitters,
ff'ires carry pictures, news, even radio!
Behind every telephone switchboard is a confusion of wires
and cables, each serving a definite purpose in modern high
speed communication.
Prepared by National Geographic Society,
Washington, D. C.-WNU Service.
IF YOU stand at one end of
a football field and shout,
your voice will travel to
the other end, 300 feet away,
in about one-third of a sec
ond. But your voice, travel
ing by telephone, would take
less than one-third of a sec
ond to travel all the way
around the earth.
The electrical waves that
are created when you speak
into a telephone transmitter
have in effect increased the
speed of sound nearly 400,000
times.
You can telephone around
the world, moreover, without
even raising your voice, whereas it
takes a good loud shout to be heard
even the length of a 300-foot field.
Today, however, even a man with
a bad cold can “shout” across an
ocean, and the telephone enables
him to do it with as much power
as if all the millions of people in the
United States were standing on the
beach and shouting with him.
That is the estimated amount of
power given to a single human voice
by the amplifiers that launch trans
atlantic radio telephone conversa
tions out on the air lanes overseas.
Even though it takes the energy
of a nation's lung-power to "shout”
across the ocean, ears of superhu
man keenness are needed to hear
even so tremendous a noise when it
arrives. For the large amount that
starts across the ocean dwindles,
after traveling 3,000 miles by ra
dio, to no more than the energy
that would fall upon your out
spread hands from the north star.
Long Distance Wooing
A man may whisper into a tele
phone in Washington, and be heard
in San Francisco. From London
you may say to a girl in Cleve
land, “Will you marry me?” and
hear her say "Yes” as easily as if
she sat beside you in the moonlight.
A suitor in London really did pro
pose that way to a girl in Cleveland,
and won he^, too, though he had to
talk half an hour!
Radio telephone connections from
the United States bridge enormous
distances. The circuit to Australia,
for example, consists of a radio
channel across the Atlantic, linked
with another from London that
jumps eastward to Sydney, a dis
tance of 10,600 miles.
The longest telephone call you
could make from any point in the
United States would be from Bay,
Calif., to Adelaide, Australia, via
New York and London, about 18,000
miles.
Business by Telephone
A manufacturer in Ohio tooted his
new two-chime automobile horn
over the transatlantic telephone to
a prospective customer in England,
and landed a big order. A buyer
for a New York store who never
has been outside the United States
makes purchases in half a dozen
European countries in a single day.
In the United States, most tele
phone-minded of all countries, 85,
000.000 telephone conversations take
place every day. This means, with
two people to each conversation,
that the daily number of talkers is
far greater than the nation’s popu
lation.
"Out of reach of a telephone’’ is
almost unheard of in this country,
with 19,100,000 instruments, or one
for every seven people. Of a total
of 38,000,000 telephones in the en
tire world, half are in the United
States.
New York city alone has more
telephones than all France with a
population of nearly 42,000,000. Chi
cago has more than South America.
On a round desk at the overseas
switchboard in New York city are
80 telephone directories from all
over the world, in every well-known
language, but in appearance very
much like the familiar American
telephone book—fat ones for Lon
don. Paris, Berlin. Tokyo; thinner
ones for Rome, Havana. Dublin. Ma
drid; some, such as those of the
Netherlands and Switzerland, con
taining all the telephone numbers
of a nation in a volume or two.
The telephone systems of some 70
countries now are connected by wire
or radio to the telephone in your
own home. You can telephone to
Iceland’s Icy mountains (but not to
Greenland's yet) or India’s coral
strand, to Chile or Costa Rica, to
Palestine or Panama, or Japan.
Radio by Telephone
But conversations are only part
of the traffic the telephone wires
carry. Few people, perhaps, listen
ing to nationally broadcast radio
programs, realize that a large pro
portion of their radio entertainment
comes to them over telephone wires.
Only for a comparatively few miles
from the nearest broadcasting sta
tion do network programs travel
through the air, whereas they may
have sped nearly 3,000 miles over a
telephone wire before taking to the
air at all.
News of nation and world that y&u
read in your favorite newspaper
likewise comes over telephone wires
—carried not by human speech, but
by electrical impulses that flash
over the wires and with ghostly, un
seen fingers type their message on
a keyboardless typewriter at the
receiving end, more accurately than
many a human stenographer. Such
is the press teletype, which deliv
ers news, most perishable of all
commodities, instantaneously to
market. News photographs, too, are
sent over telephone wires.
The police teletype flashes news
of crime over telephone wires to of
ficers of an entire state and whole
groups of states linked in single sys
tems. The largest now includes New
York, New Jersey, Connecticut,
Ode modern use of wires:
The highly sensitive machine
that sends pictures across the
nation in a fete minutes by
means of an electric eye which
transmits light and dark into
impulses.
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Penn
sylvania, Delaware and Ohio.
Four men broke into a jewelry
shop at Beacon, N. Y. Surprised
by local policemen, three escaped
in an automobile, heading toward
New York city. Alarms were hashed
over the Westchester county police
teletypewriter system and to New
York police.
Telephonic Arrest!
Officers all over the county were
on the lookout for them, for the
teletype alarm was relayed to po
lice call boxes. At Yonkers a coun
ty policeman saw the bandits and
waved them to stop, but they opened
fire on him. Pursuing them on his
motorcycle, he forced their car into
a ditch and collared one bandit in
a hand-to-hand struggle.
The other two eluded him, com
mandeered a taxicab and started
anew for New York city. But the
taxicab itself soon was traced,
through a teletype alarm, by New
York police, who killed both bandits.
America is the land of bigness
and its telephone industry fits into
that picture: enough telephone wire
in North America to tie the earth
to the sun, 93,000,000 miles away,
and start us circling around Old So!
like a pebble on the end of a string.
Enough telephone poles in the Unit
ed States to build a solid fence 30
feet high from New York almost tr
San Francisco. Enough under
ground conduit for cables to make
15 small tunnels straight through
the earth from pole to pole.
NATIONAL
AFFAIRS
Reviewed by
CARTER FIELD
Carter Field speculates
on the problem that will
face the Democrats in pick
ing a presidential candi
date, with special reference
to the standing of Bennett
Clark ... The Palestine
question creates a new di
vision in the ranks of New
Dealers, involving Secre
tary Hull . . . Wallace in
battle to save his program.
WASHINGTON.—A convention sit
uation which would compel Presi
dent Roosevelt to fight for another
nomination to prevent the naming
of a man, Bennett Champ Clark,
who has opposed the White House on
such outstanding issues as the Su
preme court bill, the government re
organization bill, and neutrality leg
islation, is considered very likely by
many shrewd political observers
here.
The Missouri senator is in a very
strong position. He won his renomi
Senator Clark
nation by an over
whelming majority.
Six years ago he de
fied the utmost ef
forts of Boss Pen
dergast’s Kansas
City machine and
won easily. In No
vember a record
majority is prom
ised for him, with
such normally Re
publican newspa
pers as the Kansas
City Star preferring him to the G.
0. P. nominee.
As long ago as last winter Sen.
Burton K. Wheeler of Montana pre
dicted the probability of Clark’s
nomination if Roosevelt should fail
to score heavily in his purge battle
(Clark was one of the nine Demo
cratic senators who opposed the
President on the court issue who
came up for renomination this year,
and every one of them won) and
provided also that the President did
not take the nomination himself.
Not that Wheeler and Clark al
ways agree on issues, or could be
said to belong to the same faction.
Far from it. It would be rather
difficult to classify Clark in any fac
tion. He is found voting and orating
with one group today, and another
next week. But, as Wheeler pointed
out when he made that year-old pre
diction, everybody likes Clark. Cer
tainly he has few Important ene
mies.
Left Wing New Dealers
Want No Part of Clark
His nomination, however, would
be regarded as little less than tragic
by the left wingers in the New Deal.
He does not sympathize with their
objectives at all. For example, he
is strongly against any proposal
which would further enlarge the
powers of the White House. He is a
“reactionary” to most New Dealers
and a “liberal” to most conserva
tives.
There would be a lot of poetic
Justice in the story if he should be
nominated and elected President.
Back in the early days of the cen
tury practically all liberals and pro
gressives were clamoring for the di
rect primary for the nomination of
senators, governors and presidents.
The first convention affected by the
preferential presidential primary
was that of 1912. Senator Clark’s
father. Champ Clark, then speaker
of the house of representatives, ran
in a lot of primaries. He won al
most everywhere. Notably he de
feated Woodrow Wilson in a series
or clashes for popular approval.
The conservatives had not taken
the primary idea seriously. For in
stance, in New Jersey the bosses
had not even bothered to enter their
choice, so it was won by James
E. Martine, by a small vote, de
spite Martine's utter lack of politi
cal strength. The bosses had no
thought of paying any attention to
the primary, and directed the legis
lature to name someone else. But
Woodrow Wilson, then governor,
made the "people’s choice” by pri
mary an issue, and forced the elec
tion of Martine to the senate. Which
incidentally he came to regret later.
But at the Baltimore convention it
was a ditlerent story. The liberals
and progressives fought Champ
Clark, the people's choice, tooth and
nail, although he had a clear ma
jority of the delegates on ballot after
ballot. William Jennings Bryan
finally turned the tide to Wilson,
making the runner-up in the pri
maries the victor at the convention.
Missouri now thinks the wrong
may be righted 28 years later.
Note Division in New
Deal Ranks Involves Hull
A new and interesting division has
occurred in New Deal ranks in
Washington, and for the first time
there is the possibility that Secre
tary of State Cordell Hull may be
involved in a real factional dispute.
This dispute may involve Hull be
cause it is directly concerned with
foreign policy. One group thinks
that the United States should take a
firm stand against religious and ra
cial persecution, as it considers it.
and should back up Great Britain
in Palestine, but Insists, and there
comes the real point of difference,
that Britain should hold Palestine's
door open to immigration of perse
cuted Jews from Europe.
There was not enough difference to
be noticeable on this Palestine ques
tion until rumors came that Britain
was about to make peace with the
Arabs on the pledge that no further
Jewish immigration would be per
mitted. Then there were quick re
percussions from surprisingly wide
ly separated groups in this country.
Now it so happens that the one
criticism which the left wing ele
ment of the New Deal has been
making of Secretary Hull has to do,
in part, with a question of British
foreign policy. It has concerned the
Spanish civil war, with the left wing
ers insisting that the so-called neu
trality policy of embargo against
belligerents actually helped Franco
and hurt the Loyalists.
Hit Hull Over Shoulders
Of So-Called ‘Career Boys’
Bearing in mind what has hap
pened to everyone who fought Hull
in this administration, notably
George Peek and Ray Moley, left
wingers were a little loath to stick
their necks out. So they invariably
attempted to fasten all the blame
on Sumner Welles, the under sec
retary of state, and the so-called
"career boys" in the department of
state, especially as it has always
seemed comparatively easy to en
rage the public against the “spatted
teacup balancers," who "ape the
British both in accent and clothes,”
etc. Actually they were hitting at
Hull over the career boys’ shoul
ders.
The campaign, nevertheless, has
been carried on persistently, the left
wingers “leaking” allegedly inter
esting incidents of how the wool
was being pulled over Hull’s eyes to
their favorite newspaper writers,
and always with Sir Ronald Lind
say, the British ambassador, as the
master mind in the strategy, and
the teacup balancers the eager
stooges.
Be that as it may, the left wingers
have reinforcements in their deter
mination to force Cordell Hull’s
hand, and to insist that the “hands
across the sea” business with Eng
land must come to an immediate
end unless Britain goes down the
line for the creating of a political
refuge in Palestine for all of Eu
rope’s persecuted Jews.
Secretary Wallace Fights
To Save His Farm Program
Secretary of Agriculture Henry A.
Wallace is not only battling to save
his farm program in his stumping
tour to persuade the Middle-Western
farmers that AAA is fine and every
thing will be all right when con
trolled production really gets into
operation; he is fighting to make it
possible for some New Dealer to
win the presidency next time with
out the third-term handicap.
Careful study of the election situ
ation by experts forces the conclu
sion that unless Wallace can vindi
cate himself and his farm program
it will be absolutely necessary for
President Roosevelt to take a third
nomination—unless he’s willing to
accept Secretary of State Cordell
Hull as a compromise or else per
mit the Democratic party to name
a Garner, a Byrd, a Jesse Jones or
someone else who can get the back
ing of Democrats hostile to the
Roosevelt economic policies.
This situation is partly due to the
complete failure of the New Dealers
J. A. Farley
to win any state pri
maries where a
strong organization
opposed them. Part
of it is due to the
fact that the mag
nificent political ma
chine constructed by
Jim Farley cannot
be controlled by the
Corcoran - Cohen
Ickes-Hopkins wing
of the party. More
important, however,
is me raci mat no one is even run
ning in the election this year whose
victory would boost the chances of
any 100 per cent New Dealer for the
presidential nomination with the sin
gle exception of Sen. Alben W. Bark
ley in Kentucky. And Barkley, to
the conservative Democrats and
many idealistic New Dealers, is
anathema since the odors of the
WPA campaign machinery grew so
objectionable last spring.
Senator Sheppard Busy
‘Mowing Barkley Down
Hitherto a regular and almost
humble follower of the national
Democratic leadership, no matter
who was in the driver’s seat, Sen.
Morris Sheppard of Texas is “mow- [
ing Barkley down’’ by his activities
as chairman of the campaign ex
penditures investigating committee.
The senate won’t get sufficiently
worked up over the report Shep
pard is writing (with some special
investigators still working) to re
fuse Barkley permission to retain
his senate seat. But on the other
hand no one thinks, from the set of
Sheppard’s jaw. that Barkley will
look like presidential timber after
Sheppard is finished with him.
Wallace alone of the real New
Dealers remains unsmeared, if one
eliminates those who simply lack
political sex appeal, as for example
Harold L. Ickes, Harry L. Hopkins,
Robert H. Jackson. Wallace’s weak
ness is the low price of farm sta
ples after six years of operation.
His alibi is, of course, that the Su
preme court kicked out AAA and
left him for two years minus a crop
control program.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
WHAT to EAT and WHY
_____▲__
Are Your Children Eating Clean Food?
Asks C Houston Goudiss—Points Out
Hazards of Neglected Hand-Washing
By C. HOUSTON GOUDISS
** I DO feed my Johnny correctly,” a young mother said to
* me not long ago. “I give him milk and eggs and vege
tables and fruits And still he has colds! Would you mind
telling me just how you reconcile that with all this talk about
our newer knowledge of nutrition—and how it helps children
10 nave Deuer neaitnr
“I don’t know,” I answered.
“But I wonder if it would be
convenient for me to meet
Johnny?”
“Certainly,” she replied.
“He’ll be home from school in
a few moments. He usually
stops at the school playground
for an hour or two, to play
dodge ball with the other
boys.”
A moment or two later Johnny
appeared. And a more grimy lit
ue lad i had sel
dom seen, certain
ly not outside of a
neighborhood such
as we sometimes
describe as under
privileged !
Johnny’s hands
were dirty. His
face was dirty. His
knees and legs
were streaked with
mud. There was a
lollypop in his
mouth, though he quickly pulled
it out when his mother made the
introduction.
I could not refuse his hand when
he put it forth in a gentlemanly
gesture, though I noted that some
of its visible soil, and doubtless
some unseen germs, were trans
ferred to my own hand during the
greeting.
No sooner had we unclasped
hands than a tremendous sneeze
all but engulfed Johnny. And in
spite of his almost adult manner
at meeting a stranger, he had not
learned to cover his nose and
mouth during a sneeze. The lolly
pop was sprayed with moisture—
and germs. Two seconds later,
the child put the lollypop back in
his mouth and continued sucking
it!
And yet his mother could not un
derstand why he had colds 1
Contaminated Food
I have pointed out many times
that in my opinion, a mother’s
foremost responsibility is to feed
her children a diet that takes into
account all the recent amazing
discoveries of nutritional science.
Only by so doing can she hope to
give them a sturdy body with
straight bones, strong responsive
muscles, a good circulation and
sound healthy nerves.
But the parent who permits her
offspring to eat with unwashed
hands and thus take countless
germs into his body with every
mouthful of food is scarcely giv
ing that food a chance to build
the kind of body and brain every
mother desires for her child. On
the contrary, she is risking the
danger of grave illness. For the
micro-organisms which cause 92
out of every 100 deaths from com
municable diseases enter or leave
the body through the mouth or
nose.
Health Linked to Cleanliness
All of us have heard the ex
pression: “Cleanliness is next to
Godliness,” though to observe
some of our school children eating
their lunches, one might have rea
son to believe that both mothers
and school boards have forgotten
this old copy-book maxim! But it
bears remembering, every day
and all day. For the writer who
said that soap and civilization go
hand in hand was not far from
the truth. Certainly, soap-and-wa
ter cleanliness and good health
are inseparably linked, and habits
of personal cleanliness are a vital
factor in safeguarding children
against infections and disease.
We often compare a correct diet
to the bricks with which a well
constructed building is erected.
But if food represents the bricks
with which the edifice of health is
built, surely cleanliness is the
mortar!
Keeping Everlastingly at It
Most babies are kept clean by
their mothers because mothers
know that they cannot keep their
--
babies well if they do not keep
them clean. If the same careful
policy were followed in later child
hood, it is almost certain that
there would be less illness among
children.
Unfortunately, many mothers
relax their vigilance the moment
their child is ready for school. In
some cases, they believe that the
child has had sufficient training
and can be relied upon; in other
instances, they believe, or hope,
that further training will be sup
plied by the school!
A Mother's Job
But the mere fact that a child is
old enough to go to school does
not make him less of a child.
Nor does it make his mother less
of a teacher and guardian. On
the contrary, it multiplies her re
sponsibilities!
More than ever the child needs
careful supervision of his health
habits. For now he is in daily
contact with countless other
youngsters, from many types of
homes. More chances to pick up
germs! More chances to dissemi
nate germs should he be permit
ted to go to school with the snif
fles!
Mothers must increase, not de
crease their vigilance. They must
assume responsibility for the ob
servance of all the habits that
safeguard health. These include
the daily bath; the daily change
into clean clothing; the frequent
washing of the hands, and always
before eating; the twice-daily
Flattering Daytime Fashions
brushing of the teeth; regula.
elimination; regular hours for
meals; and the necessary hours
for outdoor play and for sleep.
What About the School ?
Mothers must remember—and
must emphasize to their children
—that diseases may often be
traced to unclean hands, and to
germs sprayed in the air by per
sons having coughs and colds.
Teach your children to muffle
every cough and sneeze in a hand
kerchief. And be sure they have a
handkerchief handy for the pur
pose. Teach them to keep their
fingers out of their mouths, like
wise pencils and other objects.
Teach them to wash the hands and
face frequently.
If they are to carry out this last
instruction, it is imperative that
soap and towels be available in
school washrooms, as well as at
home. Investigate conditions at
the school your child attends. If
facilities are not adequate, do
something about it. Either arouse
other mothers to help rectify the
omissions, or failing that—have
your child carry soap and paper
towels from home!
By teaching cleanliness to your
children, by making it a regular
part of their training, you will
help to safeguard their health and
the health of every other child
with whom they come in contact
in their daily lives.
Questions Answered
Mrs. C. M. L.—Yes, there is
some advantage in eating whole
oranges, as opposed to merely
drinking the juice. Both orange
and orange juice are rich in vita
min C. But the pulp possesses
additional laxative values that are
not obtained when only the juice is
consumed.
Miss F. C. V.—Experiments by
three distinguished investigators
reveal that beef liver contains 20
times as much copper as beef
steak.
©—WNU—C. Houston Goudlss—1938—36.
L'ACH of these good-looking new
* ■'* designs is just as comfortable
and practical as it is becoming,
and each is accompanied by a de
tailed sew chart that assures you
no difficulty at all in the making.
The girl’s jumper, in dirndl fash
ion, has everything that your
daughter will like and look well in.
Thg women’s dress is expertly
planned for perfect comfort in
working and to make you look
pounds slimmer than you are.
Dirndl-Style Jumper.
High neckline, to cover up her
collar bones, with a little round
collar to soften. High-puffed
sleeves and very full skirt to fill
her out. Shirred waistline, to
make her look soft and small
through the middle. Those are the
details making this one of the
most becoming dresses a girl of
the fast-growing years can possi
bly wear. Make the jumper of
flannel, jersey or wool plaid, for
every day, with linen, batiste or
flat crepe blouse. Repeat it, for
parties, of velveteen, with organ
dy or chiffon blouse.
Large Woman’s House Dress.
Plenty of leeway for reaching
up, down and under, is promised
you by the ample armholes, slight
blouse above the belt, and easy
waistline of this practical home
dress. And it looks very trim and
tailored, because the long lines,
the darts around the middle, scal
loped closing and narrow collar
are just as slenderizing as they
can be. You will enjoy having a
jersey or challis version of this
dress for cold weather, as well
as several in calico, gingham or
percale. It’s a diagram design
that you can make in no time.
The Patterns.
No. 1621 is designed for sizes 8,
10, 12, and 14 years. Size 10 re
quires 1% yards of 54-inch mate
rial for the skirt and lVi yards of
39-inch material for the blouse.
No. 1624 is designed for sizes
36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48. 50 and 52.
Size 38 requires 4% yards of 35
inch material. Contrasting collar
takes Vz yard; 3 yards braid.
Fall and Winter Fashion Book.
The new 32-page Fall and Win
ter Pattern Book which shows
photographs of the dresses being
worn is now out. (One pattern
and the Fall and Winter Pattern
Book—25 cents.) You can order
the book separately for 15 cents.
Send your order to The Sewing
Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1020,
211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111.
Price of patterns, 15 cents (in
coins) each.
TRUE!
"Like lemons, Luden’s
contain a factor that
helpscontributetoyour
alkaline reserve. I pre- '5S \j
fer Luden’s.” n < a
Edna Riggs, /
Lecturer, Los Angeles
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