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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1938)
HUB OF PEACE • International conferences never ruffle dignity of Switzerland's famous Lake Geneva, one of the world's most beauti ful inland vacation spots. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington. D. C.— WNV Service. HE Lake Geneva coun try, self-styled “peace j hub of the world,” has learned to take international crises in its stride. Here, for 2,000 years, Caesars, Napole ons, bishops and barons have fought and ruled, come and gone, but Lake Geneva stays, and the ancient River Rhone “keeps right on rollin’ ” into one end of the lake and out the other. Lake Geneva lies in a sort of peninsula that juts out from Switzerland’s southwest corner into France. In fact, most of its southern shore is French territory, and two-fifths of the lake itself belongs to France. Geneva people, if they want to go for a Sunday automobile ride, have but one main road on which they can drive more than a few miles without having to cross the French frontier. Most motorists like to drive in Switzerland, so the single high way along the lake's north shore is often jammed with traffic on pleas ant Sunday afternoons. Far up in the Alps, 6,000 feet above the sea and 75 miles from the actual lake basin, you see where Lake Geneva is born. The massive Rhone glacier, glistening greenish white in the sun, lies on a moun tainside surrounded by towering precipices and snow-clad peaks. Lake Geneva fills a deep moun tain abyss in which the Eiffel tower (984 feet high) would sink out of sight. The lake’s surface 1$ 1,230 feet above the sea, but the deep est hole in its bottom goes down 1,015 feet, almost sea level. Moun tains 6,000 feet high tower close around its eastern end, but gradual ly give way to rolling green hills. Lake Fronts Like Follies Chorus The lake fronts of all the towns around Lake Geneva are as uni formly lovely as the girls in a fol lies chorus and as much alike as their costumes. Always there is a sturdy sea wall, against which waves dash high when storm winds blow; a neat stone balustrade; for mal rows of green plane trees, their tops pruned to equal height and flat umbrella shape as carefully as any hedge; flower beds; grass plots; park benches; gravel walks paral leling the shore; and a neat wharf. Nyon’s lake front is like them all, and, like most Lake Geneva towns, too, it has its castle, high on the hill, the roofs of its five towers as sharp as pencil points. But this castle seems to smile instead of frown, perhaps because there are flower boxes in its windows, a little park with more bright flowers around it, and homely terraced veg etable gardens sloping up to its very foot. Entering the ghost-gray walls through a gate dated 1572, you find on the first floor a musty museum that preserves a few bits of Nyon’s past: Roman tiles and carvings; ancient cannon; wax figures in the bright costumes of other days. A spiral stair in one of the round cor ner towers leads to neat court rooms and offices for the judges. /T'HE prisoners, on the top floor, if they have any eye for beauty, must spend much time gazing out the windows. Across the lake, be yond the green hills of the French shore to the south, Mont Blanc, highest of Europe's peaks, looms like a white cloud on clear days. Back of the town rise the peaks of the Jura range along the Swiss French border on the north. To the east Grand Lac broadens to a width of more than eight miles and looks like the sea. The weatherworn houses of Nyon s 5,000 citizens cluster their white and gray walls and red-brown roofs closely around and beneath the cas tle. Narrow cobbled streets with sidewalks “one man wide" or none Most waterfront towns on Swltier land’s Lake Geneva look the same from the shore. Here is a side wheeled pleasure boat heading out over the deep blue waters. at all thread between them up the hill. But as you explore them the medieval peace is shattered by the blast of an auto horn, and you jump aside just in time as a modern sedan rushes down over the cobbles. Pottery, Politics Brought Fume Pottery, long before politics, brought fame to Nyon. You may visit the old pottery factory, its an cient wooden stairs worn hollow, its walls and door gray with the accu mulated clay of 150 years. In this same building pottery has been manufactured continuously since the days of the American Revolu tion. Once it produced the finest ware, all hand-made, decorated with great artistry. Those pieces now are rare, much sought after by collectors who pay high prices, for they are produced no more. Along the lake’s north shore, east ward from Nyon, vineyards crowd every inch of space on the hillsides that rise steeper and steeper from the water’s edge. They are planted so close to the edge of the road that in some places you can reach out from your car seats to pick fat bunches of grapes right off the vines. AS THE hillsides grow steeper, innumerable terraces rise in steps from the water’s edge. Each terrace, held in place by its stone retaining wall, supports a few square yards of soil that in some places slopes at almost a 45-degree angle. The soil washes down when it rains on such steep slopes, even with the stone walls to hold it back. But every winter the farmers dig up the soil that has washed to the bot tom of the terraces, carry it back up in baskets on their backs, and spread it again evenly over the slopes. Up and down the hillsides you notice innumerable tiny flashes of light twinkling against the back ground of green leaves. They are scarecrows. They are bits of polished metal, hung among the vines to be swung by the wind, reflect the sunlight, and scare the birds. Bustling center of this rich farm ing region of the lake's north shore is Lausanne, sprawled over three high hills above its lake port, Ouchy, which, incidentally, claims the only natural bathing beach in Switzer land. Lausanne is another of the “con ference cities.” In 1912 a treaty signed here ended the war between Turkey and Italy, and a conference in 1922-23 resulted in the signing of 17 different treaties and agree ments. When Lausanne Moved to the Hills Looking down your neighbor’s chimney is no novelty here. Lean ing over the balustrade on one high bridge, you can see straight down into the chimney pots of houses in the ravine below, while their smoke drifts up into your nostrils. Many a narrow street winds upward steep as a mountain path, and in some places long flights of steps take you from one level to another. History says the Lausannians took to the hills after a disastrous defeat in the Fourth century, and there they stayed. On a clifT on the Cite, chief of the three hills, Lausanne’s cathedral towers dominate the skyline. Its beautiful rose window was in place more than 200 years before Colum bus came to America. The cathe dral has been Protestant for 400 years, since the day of the ‘‘Great Disputation," in 1536, when John Calvin and other leaders of thr Reformation wrested control from the Catholic clergy. NATIONAL AFFAIRS Reviewed by CARTER FIELD • Merit* of sugar law influence Idaho primaries. . . What would happen if the United States was only country in world to own gold? WASHINGTON. — People coming back to Washington from Idaho say that the man whose nose ought to be out of joint over the defeat of Sen, James P. Pope, who shares with George L. Berry the distinc tion of being the only sitting sena tors to be defeated so far in prima ries—or conventions for that matter —is Secretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace. Pope’s defeat, they say, is due entirely to dissatisfaction over the working of the present sugar poli cies of the department of agricul ture. The beet sugar farmers in Idaho do not like the quotas im posed by Mr. Wallace, it is ex plained, and they do not like the effects of the quotas on sugar prices. Critics of the present Wallace sug ar plan assert that not only does the plan curtail sharply the amount of beets the mountain state farmers can raise, but the further ideas of Mr. Wallace about allowing enough imports to keep prices down are very irritating to the farmers. It so happens that the price of sugar de clined again just before the day of the Idaho primary, and the results were very unfortunate for Mr. Pope. When it is considered that Senator Pope was defeated by a fairly nar row margin—that a change of little more than 3 per cent of the vote from his opponent would have re nominated him—this factor becomes of some interest. It is important whether or not it is true, as charged, that enough Republicans voted in the Democratic primary, in order to hit President Roosevelt, to change the result. For it is entirely possi ble that even if this very plausible charge about Republican voters is true, Senator Pope might easily have been nominated despite it, had it not been for the additional sugar load he was carrying. Merits of Sufiar Law First B ith Idaho Voters People just back from the state say that Rep. D. Worth Clark dwelt at length in his stumping campaign against Pope on the fact that he had opposed the law giving Secretary Wallace the power to dictate sugar quotas, and especially sugar prices, while Senator Pope had voted for it. The merits of the sugar law, it is said, seemed to in terest the Idaho vot ers a great deal more than whether Pope had been 100 per cent for the President, and whether Clark was a "Yes, but" New Dealer. No one who has not studied the im portance of the beet sugar industry on Sec> Wa,,ace politics through the “Mormon coun try” at fl/st hand can appreciate the situation. But there have been many demonstrations, of which the defeat of Senator Pope may be the most recent. The most amazing turnover in po litical history was caused in Idaho, Colorado and adjoining states by the sugar situation in 1924. Early that summer the tariff commission handed President Coolidge a report on sugar, recommending a reduc tion in the sugar tariff. Sen. Robert M. La Follette had just been nomi nated by the Progressives for Presi dent. He called on President Coo lidge to act at once and reduce the sugar tariff. Not satisfied with this, he kept the issue alive from June to November, demanding to know what Coolidge was going to do. Coolidge said noth ing, paying no more attention to this than he did to the demand of the third candidate, John W. Davis, that he join Davis in denouncing the Ku Klux Klan. But in some way w'ord was gotten to the Republican leaders in Colo rado, Idaho, Utah and the other beet sugar states that Coolidge did not intend to take any action about re ducing the sugar tariff. Whereas La Follette kept calling attention to his own position, which was that the tariff should be reduced. Early polls had shown this group of states strongly for La Follette. On election day they went strongly for Coolidge. What Would Happen If V. S. Owned All the Gold? What would happen if the govern ments throughout the world that have no gold, or very little, should suddenly decide that they were no longer interested? Especially if the present rapid movement of all gold in the world toward the treasury of | the United States government should ' continue until the United States was practically the only government in j the world that had any? There is a simple answer to this, but it doesn't mean anything. The answer is that gold would thereupon possess only its commodity value. Which is to say that gold would be just what the demand for it would justify, for ornaments, dental work, | "■ ► and various other uses where its ex traordinary ability to withstand the various ravages of time makes it valuable. The answer does not mean any thing because nobody has even the foggiest idea of what that value would be. At present there is just one big buyer of gold. That is the United States government, which is willing to pay anybody, anywhere in the world, $35 an ounce for it. Ex cept of course to American citizens who have been holding out on the government by hoarding gold ac quired at its old value of slightly more than $20 an ounce. But even for commercial uses gold is not now in the proud position it occupied a very few years back. Platinum is superior to gold in some of these uses. It will resist certain destructive acids more successfully than gold. Its price has been de clining. No one is sure what the platinum producers could do to the price if it became in their interest to market it in quantities instead of holding the price up. If one could know what the platinum production possibilities are, one could estimate much mere accurately what the price of gold would be if it should some day be entirely separated from its monetary value. Hoarding Gold Outlawed, Peitple Hoard Platinum Actually a good many people in this country, prevented by law from hoarding gold, but very much afraid of inflation and anxious to hedge against it, have been hoarding plati num. There is even the hope of profit, for if that world war we have been worried about for several years should break out, it is thought that the price of platinum would ad vance. Especially if the war in volved Russia. Lack of knowledge about the pos sibilities of platinum production, however, makes hoarding platinum quite a gamble. Russia, incidentally, is also terri bly important on this question of the real value of gold—whether the United States treasury is not gam bling and in danger of coming a cropper in making such a huge in vestment in the yellow metal. The Soviet government is in a better po sition to conceal her activities than any other country in the world. She proved that back in the Hoover ad ministration when, first, in a year of a huge wheat crop, and second, in a year of near famine, she played the market in this country on grain futures at a profit running into hun dreds of millions of dollars. At present, no one knows what the possibilities of gold production are in Russia. Actually she is almost equal to South Africa, as far as pub lic figures are concerned. But Uncle Sam is the only buyer. Occasionally the British buy a little, but on the whole the world’s gold supply has been drifting toward this country’s stocks. Gold is pouring in from Europe and Japan, to finance war purchases. As long as it will buy goods in America, cer tainly there will be no gestures to discourage Washington from re garding it as the most important thing in the world. President Sours on Berry, His Great Ally Greatly to the surprise of most outside observers who studied the situation on the ground, Sen. George L. Berry ran second in the primary. They had figured he would run third or fourth. It would — take too much space to tell all the activi ties of Qeorge Berry in behalf of the President, beginning in 1932 and continu ing until about a month before the adjournment of the last session of con gress. Prominent among _ . these activities was K K ' Labor’s Non-Parti- . -ean league, which might more ac curately have been called “Labor’s Pro-Roosevelt league." He was re garded as such a loyal and valuable servant of the New Deal that sev eral extraordinary things happened. It is commonly believed in Tennes see that President Roosevelt him self was responsible for Berry’s ap pointment to the senate after the death of Sen. Nathan L. Bachman. At any rate, before that mystic date, %about a month before the end of the last session, when diplomatic relations between the President and Berry were severed, there was every indication that the White House was most anxious for Berry to be elect ed. Rep. Sam McReynolds of Ten nessee aspired to the senate. It looked as though he might be nom inated. So President Roosevelt wrote him a strong letter urging him to stay in the house. The President built up McReynolds’ value to the administration because he was chairman of the house foreign af fairs committee. This amused Washington no end, for most folks who know their way around think this particular committee is useful 1 chiefly in winning social prestige in the diplomatic set for its members. Actually it does net pass on trea ties, or diplomatic appointments. But apparently Roosevelt wanted Berry to stay in the senate, at that time. Then it became expedient, in meeting A. E. Morgan’s charges in the marble case, to throw Berry overboard. But even Tennessee proves that a strong state organization is much more important than any outsid* influence—federal, labor, or what not. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. HCW* SEW Jy*- Ruth Wyeth Spears qJ^ IF SMOCKING seems to be time * consuming, here is a short cut that saves hours. The first step is to shirr the material by machine. Loosen the tension slightly and stitch in straight rows; then pull up the bobbin thread to gather the material. You will note in the sketch that some of the simple hand stitches are made over two rows of gath ers and the others over a single row. Much of the beauty of mock smocking depends upon the spac ing of the rows. The double rows of gathers in the sketch, No. 2 and 4, are Vi-inch apart. The space between these and the single rows should be about %-inch. Another important point is the choice of colors and an interest ing variety of stitches. In the ar rangement shown here, rows 1, 3 and 5 are made in the darkest color by back-stitching over the gathers as in row 5 and then work ing loop-stitches through the back stitches as in row 1. Row 2 is a version of plain feather stitch ing. and row 4 is done in the Cre tan stitch. Variations of all of these stitches and dozens of oth ers that will be new to you and your friends are fully illustrated in Book 2 offered herewith. Are you ready for birthdays; and the next church bazaar? Do you turn time into money with things to sell? Mrs. Spears’ Sewing Book 2 has helped thousands of women. It is full of new ideas for things you can make in your spare time. If your home is your hobby you will also want Book 1—Sew ing for the Home Decorator. Or der by number enclosing 25 cents for each book. If you order both books, a leaflet on crazypatch quilts with 36 authentic stitches will be included free. Address Mrs. Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Chicago, 111. 1 ■ I ■' — -— * Becoming, Practical Frocks ’T'HE shops are full of beautiful * new fabrics just crying to be made up in smart new fashions— and these patterns make it very easy to do your own sewing. When you do, of course, you can have many more clothes because it’s so inexpensive to buy your own, fine quality fabrics—and then your clothes, and your daughter’s, too, will have that distinctly made-to i-aK:-1 order, well-fitted look that’s more flattering and smart than any thing else. For Large Women. This afternoon dress is carefully designed to look well on large fig ures. The v-neck, cut in one with the shoulders, makes your face look less full. The short, rippling sleeves minimize the size of your forearm—and they’re so pretty and graceful, too. The skirt is smooth over the hips, and the bod ice has necessary bust fullness. Here’s a dress that will be your favorite, when you make it up in the prettiest silk crepe, georgette or sheer wool that you can find. For Slim ScAool-Girls. Your daughter will be delighted with the grown-up, slick look of this basque frock, and yet it’s just as simple as a school-girl’s dress should be. This is the style that | growing girls, too thin for their height, look very well in. The high neckline covers up their col lar bones, the puff sleeves and flaring skirt have a filling out ef fect. This style is pretty in so many fabrics—cotton, wool and silk. Especially linen, gingham, challis, jersey and for dress-up, taffeta. The Patterns. 1563 is designed for sizes 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50 and 52. Size 38 requires 5% yards of 39-inch material. 1464 is designed for sizes 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years. Size 10 re quires 2% yards of 39-inch materi al, plus % yard contrasting. Success in Sewing. Success in sewing, like success in any other field, depends upon how you approach the task in hand. To help you turn out clothes professional looking in every de tail, we have a book which plainly sets forth the simple rules of home dressmaking. The beginner will find every step in making a dress clearly outlined and illustrated within its covers. For the experi enced sewer there are many help ful hints and suggestions for sew ing short cuts. Send 15 cents (in coins) today for your copy of SUC CESS IN SEWING, a book every home dressmaker will find of value. Send your order to The Sewing Circle Pattern Dept., Room 1020, 211 W. Wacker Dr., Chicago, 111. Price of patterns, 15 cents (in coins) each. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. Uncle Phil Both Overestimate Town people envy the farmer his open-air life, and farmers envy city people the sights they see. When one has lost the capacity to become indignant one is like the shell of a blown-out firework. Good manners will take you a long way with people who have good manners. A tightwad is endurable until he begins to make apologies for be ing a tightwad. - m _ SCHOOLS Hi yy; y HQQEQiES^ZEZDflBGCCu ___ BOYLES COLLEGE —■—— Founded 1897 ————— FALL TERM —Tuesday, September 6. Day and Evening, Co-ed- All Year. Accounting — Secretarial — Comptometry— Civil Service. Fully Accredited Ask far Free Bulletin BOYLES BLDG., OMAHA. WEB. WRITF FOR CONTEST PARTI “ LARS AND FOR ILLUSTRATED PAMPHLET TIMBER WANTED CASH PAID FOR WALNUT LOGS OR TIMBER Midwest Walnut Co., Council Bluffs, la. MISCELLANEOUS FARMS FOR SALE Write for your copy of Illustrated Ne braska and Western Iowa farm cataloo. The Travelers Insurance Co., Omaha, Neh. *Tavotite Jiecipe ofj the lVeei'~*~' Ice Cream Cake A _ 2 cups of fine granulated sugar 34 cup of butter and shortening 1 cup of cold water 3 cups of flour 3 teaspoons of baking powder Whites of five eggs Cream butter and sugar. Add alternately* two cups of the flour and the water. Then add the stiffly beaten whites of the eggs, and lastly, one cup of flour and baking powder. Bake in two pans at 350 degrees. How Women in Their 40’s Can Attract Men Here’s good advice for a woman during her change (usually from 38 to 52), who lean she’ll lose her appeal to men, who worries about hot flashes, loss of pep, dizzy spells, upset nerves and moody rpells. Get more fresh air, 8 nrs. sleep and if you need a good general system tonic take Lydia E. Pinkhara’s Vegetable Compound, mad* especially for women. It helps Nature build up physical resistance, thus helps give mora vivacity to enjoy life and assist calming jittery nerves and disturbing symptoms that often accompany change ot life. WELL WORTH TRYING! Sentiment vs. Action Every man feels instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less than a single lovely action.—Lowell. | FF BLACK LEAF 40 Keeps Dogs Away from Evergreens.Shnibsetc. l“llM 1 Vi Teaspoonful i par Gallon of Spray. _— i i i ii ■« Good Merchandise Can Be CONSISTENTLY Advert'ued • BUY ADVERTISED GOODS f gg ag :■«!.1 ■ 1 ■' j■ ,.srri:i.r-'g■ ■1 ■—asa WNU—U 35—38 1 JUST LIKE i \ “GOOD NEWS FROM $ < HOME...” ( S Johnnie Bissett tells lg ( how he feels about this V| ) “matin's” tobacco jj \ wthen it comes to the way jH ) W Prince Albert lays in the T| \ paper. Johnnie Bissett (witfj P 1 hat) says: "P. A. site level m M ( 'makin’s'papers without spi - § J in’ off the ends, or bunchm in Y « ‘ the middle." And for rich teste | \ and mellow mildness, Prmce I Albert’s made to order fo / I fn’s" smokes. No bite, no harsh- f I ness-just easy-rolling tobacco, 1 \ fuU of fragrant, tasty good- 1 / ness "P. A.’s some smoke- I C say roll - your - owners. (In 1 ) pipes too P. A.’s some smoke.) 1 ) —( 1C. J. COOPER (right) tips off "makin’s” tit smokers who haven’t tried P. A. yet. "Try Prince Albert,"he advises, "for 'A jg| No. 1’ smokin’ joy. It rolls faster and H smokes smoother. The best costing so little, I’m for P. A.—in a big way.” /v Bfine roll-your-own ciga rette* in every 2-oz. tin of Prince Albert