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About The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965 | View Entire Issue (March 31, 1938)
SEENand HEARD around the y, NATIONAL CAPITAL! By Carter Field FAMOUS WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT ^ Washington.—For a government to rush into debt is a grand thing for all Us citizens. For an individ ual to rush into debt is a terrible thing for all his dependents—though a good thing for his country. Boiled down, that is the essence of the economic theory of a good many of President Roosevelt's ad visers, if not of the President him self. It is shared by no less, for example, than Marriner Eccles, chairman of the board of governors of the federal reserve system. This sounds like a sarcastic criti cism, especially to many of the old-fashioned fools who were brought up. whether they followed the teachings or not, on a "willful waste brings woeful want," and a "save the pennies and the dol lars will take care of themselves" philosophy. Actually it is as sim ple a statement of the theory as the writer has heard. With plentiful government spend ing, especially if the money is raised by borrowing instead of by taxation, employment is encour aged; buying is encouraged; prices tend to rise; everybody has a Job; and everybody, except the budget balancing theorists, is hap py Example is made of Great Britain, which has never paid off the debts incurred in the Napoleonic wars, much less any of her enor mous borrowings since. At various stages during the last two hundred years economists have worried about this debt. Actually, it is con tended, Britain is Just as well off now as at any time during the proc ess, and her present ills are not due to her debt. Of course, during this two hun dred-year period described—for it goes way back of Napoleon—some thing has happened, which the econ omists advocating the bigger debt and bigger government spending theory do not mention. There has been a gradual shrinkage of the value of the pound sterling. But then, on the other hand, Britain is often cited as the only important country in the world which has never had a real inflation. Not an inflation crisis, to be sure, but her currency has gradually depreciated. Which is another way of saying that the people who saved their money kept losing a considerable fraction of it. Evil of Saving But there is a simpler illustration of the "evil" of saving. Let us imagine that everybody in the United States was gainfully em ployed, and every one saved so much of his earnings that the in terest on his earnings would sup port him after 20 years. In a very short period, 40 years at the outside, assuming no gam bling element which would lead to losses, every family in the country would be able to live on its income. Theoretically, no one would have to work at all. Men and women could just spend their income on what they wanted, perhaps even save part of it. Carrying this absurdity to ex tremes to make it clear, we would then be a nation of idlers, living on our incomes. But who would provide the food and clothing and automobiles and radios for our popu lation? To make the point still clearer, imagine a tariff wall around the United States so high that there would be no international trade. What would happen? Obviously de mand being very high, and supply being very low, prices would soar. What would amount to a capital levy would thus be occasioned, and the accumulated savings would be wiped out. Everybody would go back to work again. Now assume a little bit of this instead of a wholesale dose, and you have a depression. Reverse it, with everybody spending his head off, and you have a boom. In a nut shell, that is the theory, with the addition that if the individual doesn't spend, the government must. Guffey Starts Something Senator Joseph F. Guffey oX Penn sylvania certainly started some thing when he named the issue on which he intended to support Thom as Kennedy and oppose Charles Al vin Jones in the Democratic guber natorial primary in the Keystone state. Guffey is supporting Kennedy for three reasons. One is that Ken nedy has always regarded Guffey as his leader—has followed him in every important fight for many years. A second is that in support ing Kennedy, Guffey continues his alliance with John L. Lewis, who is Kennedy’s real chief, for years in labor activities, now in politics as welL And a third is that Jones, who won the regular Democratic or ganization support, has always been a thorn in Guffey’s side. Guffey places it all on the couni that Jones was against Roosevell for the nomination in 1932. In short he was “Against Roosevelt Before Chicago," while Kennedy and Guf fey were fighting loyally for Roose velt. That is a mighty interesting charge. It hits a lot of people. It hits Jack Garner, who is now Vice President, but was a candidate against Roosevelt with some very important delegates. It hits the entire Maryland Democracy, which was enthusiastic (or Albert C. Ritchie. It hits the majority lead ers in 1932 of the Democratic party j in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and New Jersey. It reaches out into Califor nia and hits Senator William Gibbs McAdoo, who was for Gamer. It hits more than three-quarters ol the important Democratic leaders in Ohio, and plenty in Indiana. Idea Is Not New There is nothing new about the idea of discrimination against Dem ocrats who do not belong to the ‘‘For : Roosevelt Before Chicago” club. But up until now the only point has been in patronage. Guffey would magnify this discrimination to apply to running for elective office. It would bar from any important role in politics everyone who was not actively fighting for the nomination of Roosevelt in the period immedi ately preceding June, 1932. This is a new sort of political doc trine. It runs counter to the oft stated maxim of Will H. Hays that "assimilation, not elimination” is what a party needs. And there is just enough truth in Guffey's new doctrine, regardless of his own sincerity fri stating it, to cause trouble. For there is not a Democratic senator or governor or member of the legislature who does not suspect that in any contest be tween an old Roosevelt friend and an old Roosevelt opponent, the President would be inclined to sup port the friend. That is human. It has always been. The importance of it now is that never before has the titular head of a party, occupying the White House, had so much power to affect results in state primaries and conventions of his party. Putting the two Guffey doctrines ' together would look very much as though John L. Lewis’ favorite sen ator was digging a pit for Roosevelt to fall into. AH Boards “Wooden” General Goethals, of Panama canal fame, was wont to remark, toward the end of his life, that "all boards are long, narrow and wooden.” This opinion grew out of his experience with the United States shipping board, which at tempted to build ships during the World war emergency. It had nothing to do with his experience at the canal. In fact, it was the con trast between his helpless bicker ing in the shipping board, and the czarism he practiced, thanks to Theodore Roosevelt, at the canal job, that brought forth his deroga tory comment on boards. All of which applies to the present Tennessee Valley authority (better known by its initials, TVA,) contro versy. The real trouble consider ing solely its administrative mess, is the fact that it is run by a three man board. Washington observers have been racking their brains during the last few weeks to discover a single case of any government board, set up with a business type of function, as distinguished from a Judicial type of function, which has not been ruined by personal conflicts between the board members. The TVA is the outstanding pres ent illustration of failure. The Unit ed States shipping board, with its interminable quarreling between members on wooden ships versus steel, etc., is the one best remem bered. On the contrary the ICC is an outstanding cose of a successful government board, but its func tion is almost entirely judicial. But in Business Why, it is asked, should corpora tions be run successfully by boards, but governmental agencies appar ently always come to grief. The answer, observers here figure out, is that business corporations are actually almost always dominated by one man. The division in pow er among the board members is theoretical, not practical. In a po litically appointed board one mem ber is just as powerful, so far as the operation of the board is con cerned, as another. In business it is almost never that way. For instance, the president of a corporation is always a member of the board. In some instances he is the dominating figure. He runs the company. If he runs it suc cessfully the board of directors is just a set of rubber stamps. They approve his policies. The test of his power is the success of the cor poration. But the division of the corporation into three or more parts, with one member of the board supreme in each pigeonhole, would be highly unlikely in a corporation designed for profit. In a corporation such natural divisions of work are made, but they are usually confided to vice presidents, or other executives, each of whom is under the presi dent. Sometimes the president is really just an executive, all the planning and policy coming from the board, but in most of those cases the board is dominated by one man. 0 Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service Feast Day Parade North Italy Garde With Beauty ar Prepared by National Geographic Society. :Washington, D. C.-WNU Service. AKE of Garda, an hour’s drive west of Venice, is one of the garden spots of northern Italy, its blue waters perpetually mirror ing lofty mountains, quaint lakeside villages and pic turesque castles. Desenzano, at the foot of the lake of Garda, is the gateway to two of the most picturesque castles that ever faced snow-clad peaks from across deep blue waters, whose shores gleam with oranges and lem ons against a background of olive orchards, cedar groves, and scented bay trees. In this semKtopical gar den of the Alps, with its curiously mild air, one feels like those happy Hyperboreans who lived forever sheltered behind the north wind. Cactus, camphor trees, palms, hi biscus, oleander—the sight of these, cradled within the Alps’ encircling foothills, startles one like some paradox of Nature. Shelter and warmth—the moun tains’ screen, the lake’s unusually high temperature—explain the anomaly. Once only, two centuries ago, has the lake of Garda been known to freeze. Divers’ descents reveal that its warmth increases at its lower depths. Hot springs are scattered through its area of 143 square miles, and at Sirmione you may enjoy a warm sulphur bath in water piped from one of these springs, the Boiola, that bub bles up from the lake. As the little steamer steers east ward from Desenzano, you sight a low peninsula which stretches far into the lake; you set foot ashore and find yourself in a tiny fishing village. It has only a few cobbled streets and a simple inn whose lake skirting terraces are arbored by an overhanging profusion of flow ers. Castle of Sirmione. Dominating every approach, and with its fortified bridge bestriding the lake’s inlet, towers the castel lated specter of a Scaliger strong hold. Lake-washed on two sides, and with lake-connecting moats to complete its isolation, the castle of Sirmione is unforgettable in its lone austerity. Few visitors pass. The netmak ers ply their tasks along the sunny banks of the moat, which has be come the local fishing fleet’s haven. Sirmione's school children play at bowls with the smallest size of the Scaligers’ stone cannon balls. The once-terrifying Titan of feudalism has become ’hs those prehistoric monsters whose skeletons are bio logical milestones, even as castles are milestones in man's social evo lution. Farther up the takes eastern shore is the ancient village of Gar da. Its age may be inferred from a local legend which assures you that the adjacent waters cover the remains of a Roman city. Indeed, old fishermen aver that you can glimpse its submerged temples if your eyesight—or perhaps it is your imagination—is sufficiently strong. The Story of Garda’s Tower. On a more substantial basis rests Garda's lonely, rock-girt donjon tower and its associated story. It is an episode of Tenth-century times, long before “Convey the cap tive maiden to my castle!” had be come a mere literary expression, oi j “Non ti scordar di me!" was sung by Verdi’s tower-immured lover. It seems that Adelaide, daughter of the duke of Burgundy, very prop erly declined to wed the son of Ber j engarius, prince of Ivrea, who hac procured her husband’s murder Berengarius therefore sequesterec the lady in Garda’s lakeside tower from which she was freed by s friar, who carried the news to Ottc ! the Great of Germany. Otto movec j on Berengarius, defeated him, anc 1 liberated the lady. Poetic justice was felicitously fulfilled when Ottc fell in love with Adelaide and causec her to be crowned with him as joinl sovereign of the Holy Roman Em pire. Still farther up the lake you skirt ed the lovely Gardone Riviera, wit! its crowded bathing beaches and its curving promenades where rows ol big umbrellas shelter holiday-mak ers from the warm October sun Then the western shore shot ug into fiat-faced cliffs—the back Lake of ' ! Garda J.l on Lake of Garda. n Spot Replete id Historic Interest ground of terraced lemon groves— while from the opposite bank, ris ing over a vast expanse of olive trees, jutted a rocky headland whose profile culminated in the lofty outline of Castle Malcesine. The Scaligers’ heraldic "ladder” must have resembled the modern extension ladder of fire companies, to have carried the Veronese des pots up Malcesine’s sheer rock frontage, which they captured and castellated. Indeed, this eagle’s nest of a stronghold is eloquent of how the Italian word, "rocca” (rock) assumed the secondary meaning of castle. The Lake Has Two Saints Far below the castle’s swallow tailed battlements lies blue Garda. Less lovable than austere, it is a mountain-crowned king among lakes, with its fishing smacks’ gold en sails bejeweling its breast. Look ing inland across Malcesine’s roof tops, you glimpse the tiny town's embankment, along which its wood carrying fleet ties up. Malcesine has a feast day for a pair of patron saints who preside over the welfare of vessels on the treacherous lake of Garda. On that day, skirting the castle’s base and issuing on the little quay, moves a procession of priests, fish ermen, sailors with their wives and children. Bearing church banners and lighted candles, they pass un der the anchored smacks’ bow sprits. And then there appears the festal emblem its&tf—a standard bearing a miniature fish boat, flanked by the patron saints’ effigies. Now Christian saint has blessed pagan mermaid and trident-bearing Neptune. All is well as the pageant winds churchward once more. And as dusk falls, the surrounding mountain sides glow forth into a fairyland of little lights. It is the lake of Garda’s lantern feast in hon or of this blessing of the bowsprits. One wonders if this same pair of saints presided over the safety of the Venetian fleet when it rested high among the lake of Garda’s sur rounding mountain peaks in 1438. The spectacle of galleys issuing over the Alpine foothills was beheld by the discomfited lake fleet of the Viscontis. Those Milanese despots, being then at war with Venice, had seized the commanding positions on the lake of Garda. Fleet Carried Ovefc Mountains. Then, one day, there appeared be fore the distracted Venetian senate a simple Greek sailor, Niccolo Sor bolo, with a plan for transporting war galleys from the Adige across the Alpine passes and down to the lake of Garda. Instead of incar cerating him as a madman, the desperate senators acquiesced. By utilizing 2,000 oxen and a host of laborers, a unit of the Venetian fleet was actually hoisted up across 15 miles of Alpine wilderness through a pass, almost 1,000 feet high, between Mori and Torbole. The galleys were then lowered by capstans into Torbole’s little har bor. This amazing feat had been per formed without mithap in fifteen days. A grateful Venice voted Messer Niccolo an annual pension of 500 ducats “top his faithful services in conducting galleys across the mountains, to such glory of our state.” Ever since Machiavelli wrote treatises on fortification, the Italians have been bold engineers. Any Al lied correspondent admitted to the Stelvio Pass-Lake of Garda sector, three months after Italy’s entrance into the World war, witnessed at that lake’s northern, formerly Aus trian, end, engineering feats eclips ing belief. From lake side to mountain peak all was one vast military fortifica tion, reminding you of some lacus trine Gibraltar. Ramifications of trench and of gun position—guns hoisted up 6,000 feet, trenches cut from the living rock—carried on from meadow to mountain torrent, from gentle hilltop to snow-clad peak. And, in fact, many an Aus trian position was stormed and seized beyond the snow line. Visitors to the lake glimpse the lemon gardens along its .Riviera and Salo's related industry, the produc tion of lemon liquer. Terraced on the flanks of otherwise bare cliffs, 1 these luxuriantly bearing gardens are an amazement. WHO’S NEWS THIS WEEK By LEMUEL F. PARTON NEW YORK.—Big beefy, hand some Joseph Buerckel, forty years old, with hard fists and a whip-lash tongue, is Hitler's grand marshal of the Hard Fists Nazi subjugation to Nazify of Austria. To the Austrians surprise of Nazi home talent in Austria, he is given entire charge of the fusion and subordination of the Austrian Nazis by Berlin. He was a poor schoolmaster who worked his way up by continuous and diligent Jew-hating. While less earnest and industrious young men were wasting their time, he was working nights, Sundays and holi days on this, his chosen career. Against stiff competition, it took him years to gain distinction, but at last he came to outrank even the illustrious Julius Streicher in long distance anti-Semitism. He was born in the Palatinate, the south German territory adjoin ing the Saar. He was in the World war, in the closing years, and joined the Hitler movement soon after the Munich beer hall putsch in 1923. He was a good rough-and-tumble fighter and organizer and was ad vanced rapidly in the more overt and violent party drives. When Baron von Papen was re moved as Saar commissioner, in ana maae Saar Post ambassador to Taught Him Vienna, Herr Technique Buerckel replaced him. Under his su pervision was the jug-handled pleb iscite and his the exultant radio voice which told the world that German justice had triumphed. The League of Nations handed him the valley, and he became gov ernor in 1935. A typically forthright ukase was his Christmas decree against shop ping in Jewish stores. “If you try to get out of it,” he said, “by pretending that your wife did the shopping, it merely shows that an unreal Nazi spirit prevails in your home, and you are not a he-man, but a fool.” » • • YOUNG Jan G. Masaryk, Czech minister to the Court of St. James, had a fervent belief in the Kellogg and Locarno pacts. He once said, “They are Czech Sees splendid instru Fadeout of ments of a world Peace Hope order of Peace and stability.” Now he calls at the British foreign office, perhaps to hint that something seems to have gone wrong. He is the son of the late Dr. Thomas Masaryk, first president of Czechoslovakia. His mother was an American, born and reared in Brooklyn, and so is his wife, the former Mrs. Francis Crane Leather bee, daughter of Charles R. Crane, the widely known manufacturer and industrialist. He has spent much time in America. At the age of eighteen, he ran away from the University of Prague, in the early years of the war, and worked in a factory at Bridgeport, Conn. He returned home and finished his studies, and was the first Czech minister to the United States in 1919. He has his famous father’s im passioned belief in democracy, and has been its eloquent defender in central Europe, where his country is Horatius at the Bridge. THE history of this age will be hard to unscramble. Japan can’t take a belt at a local power baron without landing on an American stockholder. Dr. Japs Learn joji Matsumoto Power Can warned the gov Be Headache ernment not to get in trouble with American investors by nationalizing its electric power industry. This would endanger investments of $75,000,000, he contended, mostly held in this country. He is Japan's leading corporation lawyer and one of its most impor tant financiers, an officer of the Cap ital Rehabilitation Aid company, which has a quaint sound but which is understandable even in the Occi dent. Sixty years old, he is a former professor of law at the Tokyo Im perial university, from which he was graduated. He is a director of the Tokyo Gas company and sev eral other corporations, and was vice president of the South Man churian railway. <£) Consolidated News Features. WNU Service. Spain's Romeo and Juliet The "Lovers of Teruel,” Spain’s Romeo and Juliet, form one of the most ancient legends of Spain. They were Diego de Marcilla and Isabel de Segura and lived in Teruel dur ing the Thirteenth century under the reign of King James of Aragon. They payted because of family dis approval and languished and died. Their bodies were mummified and they were buried in the chapel of the church of San Pedro. I FOP° SEW lr- Ruth Wyeth Spears cJ?^ T'HIS pink and white chintz apron with pink gingham frills should inspire anyone to make long strides towards the kitchen. It is easy to cut. The material required is 1% yards of 36-inch wide chintz or cotton print and one yard of plain material. For the skfrt of the apron, cut a piece of paper or cloth 27 inches wide and 23 inches deep. Fold this lengthwise through the cen ter, as at A, then measure down from the top of the fold and in from the corners the distances in dicated in the diagram and mark the dots. Using the dots as a guide, mark the outline of the apron skirt as you see it in the diagram. The dimensions for shaping the bib are given in the diagram at B. The pocket is a 5-inch square with lower corners rounded as shown here at C. The apron ties are cut 6 inches wide Strange Facts | Curtain of Fire | • Stops Radio • A CURTAIN of fire is one of ** nature’s great electrical mys teries. In northern latitudes at certain times beams and flashes of dazzling brilliance play across the sky. Sometimes it is like giant searchlights from beyond the rim of the world. The dis charge of light is 50 to 100 miles above the earth. With it comes a noise, a low crackling sound like the rustle of silk, believed to be made by the aurora borealis. On January 25, 1938, the people of London came running from their houses believing that the whole city was afire. All over Europe fire engines rushed to put out non-existent fires. Even Wind sor castle was thought to be burn ing to the ground as the fire de partment raced to the scene. On that night from 6:30 to 8:30 p. m. the most brilliant display of aurora borealis in 50 years was seen over a wide area of northern Europe, extending even to Italy and Portugal. Between New York and Europe short-wave radio went dead. The cause of nature’s most beautiful, mysterious and at times most terrifying phenomenon is unknown. Scientists believe the rays are due to discharges of elec tricity in the upper atmosphere, and are in some unknown way related to sun spots. Sun spots are dark spots on the face of the sun, seen only through a tele scope. They look like cavities and from the rim of these cavities rise whirling flames. Some scientists believe the sun spots are giant fiery whirlpools that mot: across the face of the sun. They seem to cause magnetic storms which in turn disrupt radio communica tion and also, some scientists be lieve, affect the weather on the earth. © Brltannlca Junior. tlrvcLe Phil The Slaughter Goes On Always the same ends are ac complished though by different methods. Indians and wild ani mals killed the pioneers. Now 40, 000 a year perish by automobiles. It is a happy land where the people can find something to cele brate every few weeks. If every event is a sequence, there can be no such thing as an accident. That's Conservatism Age cannot always make you wise, but it can make you cau tious. If you talked to your enemy in stead of about him, you might grow to tolerate him—even see his good points. In the old days whole families traveled together in a covered wagon; and did not make such a to-do about it as those who now go in trailers. Treat women like women, not pals. They like it better and it is more gentlemanly. Can young men be taught HOW to think? Well, it seems Socrates made a pretty good stagger at it. ana 6b incnes long, me strip 101 the belt should be cut 2Vz inches wide and a facing strip the same width should be cut for it. The shoulder straps are cut 4 inches wide and then creased lengthwise through the center. The strips of the plain material for the ruffles are cut 6 inches wide. The ruffle material before it is gathered should be 2*6 times the length of the space it is to fill after gathering. Use the machine hemmer foot shown here at the lower left for hemming the ruffles and the machine ruffler for gath ering them. NOTE: Mrs. Spears’ latest booh —Gifts and Embroidery number— is now ready. Ninety embroidery stitches are illustrated; also table settings; crochet; embroidery de signing; fabric repairing; novelty gifts and dress accessories. Forty eight pages of step-by-step direc tions. Available to readers who will send name and address and enclose 25 cents (coin preferred). Just address Mrs. Spears, 210 So. 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