IN THE KEYSTONE STATE
Site of America’s First Oil Well.
The Things That Last Are All
in Pennsylvania, Said Kipling
Prepared by National Oeoaraphlc Society.
V aehlPKton. D. CL—WN0 Service.
AFTER having visited the
i sixty-seven counties of
Pennsylvania, trod the streets
of all its teeming cities, gazed
on its noble mountains, saun
tered through all its glorious
highland valleys, motored
along all its fine rivers, trav
eled through its dense, young
forests, inspected its finest
farming areas and studied its
amazing industries, it be
comes easy to understand
how Kipling, after a trans
continental trip, could write:
"They are there, there with earth
immortal
(Citizens. I give you friendly
warning);
The thing* that truly last when men
and time have passed.
They are all in Pennsylvania this
morning."
From the heart of Market street
in Philadelphia to the famous
"Point” in Pittsburgh and Logs
town down the Ohio; from Easton
and Bethlehem to New Castle and
Sharon; from busy Chester on the
Delaware to thriving Erie on the
lake; from Matamoras, farthest
east community, to Greene, the
southwesternmost county; the his
toric, the eye-delighting, and the
industrial are bound together in
every prospect.
Where the commerce of Philadel
phia throbs, William Penn lived;
Benjamin Franklin wrought and
philosophized; the Declaration of In
dependence had its birth; and the
federal Constitution was created.
Where Braddock fought and was
fatally wounded now lives a teem
ing population, and hard by are
some of the principal industrial
plants of the world. The Edgar
Thompson Steel mills, the Westing
house Electric, and scores of others
stand on ground that was within
earshot of the fateful battle; and it
is stated that a heavier tonnage
moves within twelve miles of Brad
dock's field than in any other area
of its size.
Vast Industries Are There.
The coal that comes down the
Monongahela; the ore that moves
from the Great Lakes; the iron and
steel fabricated in the Pittsburgh
district’s scores of mighty plants;
all the commodities bound eust and
west and north and south by rail
and river—all these, the most con
centrated tonnage in the world, pass
by or within a dozen miles of the
spot where the hostile savage
turned back the English forces.
On the Ohio between Economy
and Baden, where Dam No. 4
stretches across the river, is the
vast plant of the Byers company,
manfacturers of wrought iron. In
front of the plant offices is a marker
which proclaims the site of Logs
town, where George Washington,
carrying the greatest “message to
Garcia” of all our history, negotiat
ed and bargained with the Half King
and his confreres for an escort to
Fort Le Bouef.
Across the bridge, a stone’s throw
down the highway, is a smaller
marker proclaiming the site where
Gen. Anthony Wayne had his win
ter camp.
In sight across the river is the
Aliquippa had her cornfields.
Here where Indian conferences
created tribal agreements and
wampus belts sealed bargains be
tween redskins and paleface, giant
furnaces and mills now mix slag
and purified iron and produce more
than half of the nation's wrought
irbn pipe.
Almost Forgotten Romance.
Everybody knows the stories of
Gettysburg and Valley Forge, but
how many know the story of Ole
Bull and his castle In the wilds of
the big woods of the Kettle creek
country? Every travel folder and
historical map tell of the chief
points of interest in Philadelphia,
Harrisburg, Pittsburgh, and Erie,
but who hears of the birth and boy
hood days of Robert E. Peary spent
at Cresson. of Prince Gallitzin's su
1 perb work in the heart of the Al
leghenies, of Horace Greeley's Uto
pia, or of the French settlement at
Asylum?
Likewise, everyone knows some
thing of the oil romances of Titus
ville and Oil City, but how few know
of the rejuvenation methods in the
Bradford field now in full swing!
The story of Ole Bull’s hapless ad
venture in the heart of the Big
Woods, where the Viking virtuoso
dreamed his dream of "a new Nor
way, consecrated to Liberty, bap
tized with Independence, and pro
tected by the Union’s mighty flag,”
is one that stirs the heart of every
admirer of the artist.
During his concert tours through
the South, Ole Bull had encountered
many of his countrymen, whose ef
forts to acclimate themselves in
balmier areas than the lands of
their birth had brought them priva
tions, hardships, and ill health.
Later, when touring northern Penn
sylvania. he found in the heart of
Potter county a large area rem
iniscent of Viking land itself. He
bought it a»id started to build there
his "new Norway.”
Some 800 of his countrymen
flocked to his haven in the heart of
the mountains. Three hundred
houses, a store, and a church were
built. For himself, he erected a rus
tic castle of unhewn, unmortared
stone on a little bluff overlooking
Kettle creek.
End of Ole Bull’s Colony.
In the intervals between concert
tours, the violinist would go among
his people. There he would seat
himself on the ramparts of his cas
tle, and "reproduce the rush and
roar of rapid streams, the frolic of
the winds through the rocky glens,
and the tempest’s crash on the
mountain top.”
To this day ns one motors down
the historic old Coudersport and j
Jersey Shore turnpike, past the
hamlet of Oleona, one may see the
remains of the old castle and fancy ;
he hears Kettle creek and its rocky
glens echoing back the music that
imitated them fourscore years ago.
All went well with this new Nor
way of America until one night
when Ole Bull was entertaining
some friends in his castle. A mes
senger rode up and carried a notice
from the actual owner of the prop
erty. The men who had sold it to
him had no title. The real owner
was a Philadelphia merchant.
For five years Ole Bull fought a
losing battle in the courts against
those who had sold him land they
did not own. earning the costs of
his suit by his concerts. In the end
he got small damages. But mean
while the colony had perished.
Prince Gallitzin’s Mission.
In the heart of the Alleghenies,
high above Johnstown and Altoona,
there are markers, memorials, and
institutions which preserve the
memory of a prince who elected to
become a pauper in order to serve
the cause of Christ and to carry
His message of benevolence and
brotherly kindness to the humble
mountain folk of the region. Prince
Demetrius Augustine Gallitzin was
born in Holland in 1770. His father
was Russian ambassador to the
Netherlands and his mother the
daughter of a field marshal of Fred
erick the Great.
At the age of seventeen he picked
up a Bible in a bookstore and be
gan to study it. with the result that
he became a convert of the Church.
Later his father sent him to Amer
ica for a season of travel. Once
here he decided to spend a season's
theological studies in Baltimore.
Then, after ordination in 1795, he
started out as a traveling mission
ary. Erecting a log church on the
west slope of the Alleghenies, he
traveled far and wide, visiting
homes where bare floors were his
bed, his saddle a pillow, and his
food the coarsest mountain fare.
Prince Gallitzin lost his all. His
father left what was to have been
his patrimony to his sister. But he
used the money his mother gave
him for his mountain mission work,
and at Loretto that work is still
carried on in the fine missions,
schools, and churches he founded.
SEEN
v&nd
HEARD
around the
NATIONAL
CAPITAL
py Carter Field ^
Washington. — President Roose
velt’s most spectacular fight in the
next session of congress now seems
likely to be on taxation. It prom
ises to develop a battle approaching
the fundamental character of the
Supreme court enlargement fight of
the session now about to die. The
Treasury, working under the in
structions of the President, will
have a measure already drafted
when congress convenes in Janu
ary.
There is no dodging the fact that
the government does and will need
more revenue—lots more. All the
early session talk about economy
and balancing the budget has long
since blown out the window. Con
gress appropriated plenty more
than the budget. But that is only
part of the picture. Federal housing
is just starting—will expand. And
there will be other new expenses.
Biggest of nil, however, is relief.
Harry L. Hopkins literally bites his
fingernails with rage at the idea of
congress appropriating "only" one
and a half billion dollars for relief—
was especially sore because of the
proviso that this must run through
the fiscal year. He had hoped for
no strings—to spend the billion
and a half, in six or seven months
and then ask for a deficiency appro
priation. He doesn’t blame the Pres
ident for this nigardliness—says the
President asked for only a billion
and a half because the White House
was told by Capitol Hill leaders that
they would not vote for any more.
Criticism of congress for this stin
giness—for which Hopkins says
many people must suffer—is being
broached all through the far-flung
network of relief agencies.
But, regardless of any particular
development, the Treasury is going
to need more money, and the Presi
dent is going to tell congress how
to raise it, Right there will come
the rub.
Congress Knows—Maybe
Congress thinks it knows about
raising revenues—just how to keep
the shoe from pinching too pain
fully, and just how to get enough
money despite tempering the wind
to the shorn lambs. It has the pride
of one signal victory over the Presi
dent, with a following demonstra
tion of the accuracy of its judg
ment. The President wanted to
eliminate the regular corporation in
come tax entirely—slap a very high
tax on undistributed earnings, and
get the revenue from bigger in
dividual income taxes.
It is now obvious to any one who
examines the figures that if congress
had done precisely what the Presi
dent wanted the Treasury would now
be in a much deeper hole than it
is. Corporations did just what the
President wanted done—for the
most part. They voted out extra
dividends to escape the new tax, and
boosted incomes as a result. But
the income taxes did not mount
at anything like the rate the Presi
dent's advisers had calculated. For
tunately for the federal strong box,
congress insisted on retaining the
regular corporation income tax.
In the coming battle the conservn
tives in congress will line up behind
Pat Harrison, chairman of the sen
ate finance comrTiittee, in a fight to
liberalize the tax on undistributed
corporation earnings. Harrison fa
vors a much more liberal policy
with respect to putting aside a sur
plus for rainy days. S'Jo conserva
tive on Capitol Hill takes much
stock in the Roosevelt-New Deal
contention that under the new order
there won't be any rainy days. Be
sides, they slyly point out, the Su
preme court is still functioning and
the Constitution has not been
amended, so the White House should
revise its own weather forecasts.
All the Roosevelt tax proposals
have contained just as much so
cial and economic reform as money
raising. Next January's bill will be
no exception. It will move against
bigness. It will strike anew at
holding companies. It will aim. in
a general way. at the distribution of
wealth.
Laugh at Farley
Ever since James A. Farley
named Senator Arthur H. Vanden
berg as the Republican Presidential
nominee for 1940, there has been
lots of chuckling over Postmaster
Jim’s taking in more territory, and
running the Republican party as
well as the Democratic.
But there was plenty of shrewd
strategy behind Jim’s move. It just
so happens that Senator Vandenberg
I is far from being the easiest Re
publican to beat, in Farley’s estima
| lion. There are lots of Republicans
Jim thinks could be beaten much
more easily. In fact, if Jim were
1 to take down his hair and tell you
| the cold truth, he would admit that
he would regard Vandenberg as the
very hardest Republican to beat of
any now on the horizon.
Why then would he try to help
nominate him?
Most of the Washington dispatches
since Farley made his prediction
have stressed the point that Vanden
berg would be about as strong as
any Republican likely to be norm
inated. They have gone on from
there to the old political logic thal
the man farthest out in front in
any contest is the man most of the
other candidates shoot at, and hence
is very apt to be crippled in the
final stretch. The other candidates
“gang'’ him, fearing that otherwise
there would be no chance for any
one of them.
This, most observers ha^e figured,
is what Farley wanted to happen to
Vandenberg, thus greasing the way
for the exit of the strongest oppo
nent Franklin D. Roosevelt—or who
ever runs in his place—could have.
The real truth is very different in
deed. Farley is more afraid of
something else, by far, than he is
of Vandenberg’s running. What he
is most afraid of is that NO Re
publican will run!
Supremely Confident
Farley is absolutely confident,
and with considerable logic, that
whoever the Democrats nominate
—assuming they do not go plain
crazy—can beat any Republican
who may be nominated. The Demo
crats might not carry 46 states, as
they did in 1936. They might not
even carry 42, as they did in 1932.
But it would be mighty hard for the
Republicans to beat them. In fact,
fair betting odds right now ought to
b" about ten to one that it will be
impossible to revamp the Republi
can organization into a winning ma
chine by 1940, even if they should
have an appealing candidate and a
popular platform.
There are more factors entering
into this situation than are explained
by the debacles of 1932, 1934 and
1936. Or by Roosevelt! There are
situations in individual states, not
ably New York, New Jersey, Penn
sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and
Connecticut—all states that the Re
publicans simply must carry to
have a chance in a presidential elec
tion—which make the carrying of
any one of them an uphill job for
the Republicans.
In all those states the old leaders
have passed out of the picture, and
no competent hands or shrewd
brains have taken their places in
the G. O. P. machines. The New
York Republican organization went
to pot along about 1920. Not a Re
publican senator or governor has
been elected since that year, while
the majority of the house delega
tion has been Democratic beginning
with the 1922 election.
The Republican organization in
the other states named carried on
a little longer than did the Empire
State leaders, but they have been
dying on the stem. Pennsylvania’s
“Puddler Jim” Davis is the only
Republican senator from the whole
lot, and the Democrats are counting
on knocking him oft next year!
What Farley is more afraid of
than any Republican, no matter how
strong, is the dissolution of the Re
publican party as a national insti
tution, and the split of the Demo
crats into two camps. Further Far
ley happens to know that Vanden
berg is one of the best known Re
publicans who privately favors aban
doning the word “Republican.” So
the naming of Vandenberg by Far
ley was a very shrewd hypodermic,
not for Vandenberg, but for the old
G. O. P. elephant!
Minht Be Worse
Business representatives in Wash*
ington—the bright lads who look aft
er the interests of the various in
dustries. etc —are relieved that the
wages and hours bill is going
through this session, surprising as
that may seem.
Not that they like it. With one
accord they agree that it is terri
ble. But they think that if its pas
sage were delayed until next ses
sion it would be worse.
When they saw how William
Green marched up to the Capitol,
after being relegated to the has
beens by so many commentators,
and put a few teeth in the measure,
they realized that if passage could
have been postponed the measure
would be much more radical than
it is now.
For instance, there is only a hair
line now holding the minimum
wages that the board can fix for a
community at 40 cents an hour.
There is a provision, slipped into the
bill by Green, which provides that
the board may not fix a minimum
less than the minimum obtained
by collective bargaining.
But being as the limit is fixed at
40 cents, the board simply could not
interfere with a concern which was
paying a minimum of 40 cents,
though the minimum established by
collective bargaining in that vicin
ity might be 50 cents.
Obviously the two elements were
injected in the bill without thought
of their working together. And ob
viously the natural inclination of ev
ery New Dealer would be to take
; out that minimum of 40 cents in
favor of any action which might
tend to raise it.
So what the business representa
tives think is that if there were
more time to work on the measure—
if it were put over until next session
to study—the flat minimum would
be boosted.
Obviously such an amendment
can be proposed next session, and
beyond any question will be. But
to head off an amendment after a
law has been in operation less than
a year—before it has really got to
working—is not difficult. It is so
easy to make the point that time
must be allowed to see how the
machine works before any tinkering
is attempted.
© Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service.
GOOD TASTE
£ TODAY v
Iemily post A
World'* Foremo*t Authority
on Etiquette
© Emily Post.
Shaking Hands Is
Matter of Impulse
DEAR Mrs. Post: Should a wom
an, when taking leave of »
small family group, several of
whom she met on this occasion for
the first time, shake hands with ev
eryone? And would the fact that
she shook hands with each one an
hour or so before when meeting
them have any bearing on your an
swer? While I know that shaking
hands is not so .nuch practiced to
day as it once was, I wish I knew
a what times it was still the polite
thing to do.
Answer: The question of whether
to shake hands under the circum
stances you mentioned is far more
a matter of impulse than of rule.
If those whom you have been talk
ing with are standing directly next
to you, your natural impulse would
be to shake hands. But if they are
sitting in different parts of the room
you would certainly not go from one
to the other. Again, if one of them
goes with you as far as the door,
you would probably shake hands
! with her, or him, as you say good
by.
Lot Members Pour
nt IT omen's Club Ten
EAR Mrs. Post: Our women’s
club is giving a large tea for
approximately a hundred and fifty
guests. Would you suggest that it
is better at a tea of this size to let
the hotel do all the serving, or do
| you think it more friendly to have
members of the committee preside
at the tea table?
Answer: At a tea for as many as
fifty the details of serving are more
often than not taken care of by the
caterers, or by the servants in a
private house. However, in your
case, if sufficient members of the
committee take turns at pouring, it
should not be too tiring for any one
o£ them, and there is no question
that clbb hostesses at the tea ta
ble would create a more friendly
atmosphere. In any case, all the
other details of replacing used cups
and saucers with fresh ones and re
plenishing sandwiches and cakes
and passing them will be taken care
of by the hotel.
• • •
Serving Young Guests.
DEAR Mrs. Post: I would like to
give an evening surprise birth
day party for my son, asking a
dozen or so of his high school
friends. Everything is to be sim
ple and the evening will probably
be spent in playing a variety of
games, as our house Joes not af
ford space for dancing. For re
freshments, would chicken sand
wiches and milk be sufficient? I
know all the young people drink
milk and hardly any of them drink
; co'.'ee, and I thought milk would be
very easy to serve. Or can you sug
gest something that you like bet
ter?
Answer: If you are sure they like
milk better than anything else, this
is an excellent reason for serving
it. Otherwise, I think I would sug
gest that you have cocoa for a
change, and also because a hot
drink would taste better with cold
j sandwiches.
llreak Away Gently.
DEAR Mrs. Post: When I first
began working in this office
several of the girls invited me to go
to lunch with them and tried to
make things pleasant for me. But
now I don’t seem to be able to get
away from them ever and I find
that their interests are not mine. I
would rather not lunch with them
but seem to be getting deeper into
the habit. What can you suggest
for me to do?
Answer: Since you can not very
well tell them you do not want to sit
with them, the only thing I can think
0M0 suggest is that you make other
engagements for yourself at noon,
at first occasionally and later on
habitually.
• • •
Ribbons and Seats.
DEAR Mrs. Post: What is meant
by “in front of the ribbons”
and “within the ribbons” and who is
seated in each place?
Answer: Both mean the same
thing; having a place within the en
closure marked by the ribbons. The
pews in front of the ribbons are
a'ways seated according to near*
ness of relationship, and cards bear
ing the actual pew numbers are sent
by the mother of the groom to each
: of those relatives and a few dearest
friends who are to be seated on the
I groom's side of the church, and by
; the mother of the bride to each of
I those who are to be seated on the
| bride's side of the church.
• • •
Fine Technical Point.
DEAR Mrs. Post: Which is cor
rect? Drink your soup or eat
your soup?
Answer: Eat your soup with a
\ spoon and drink it from a cup. In
i other words, you eat it with a table
| spoon when served in a plate; you
sip it from a teaspoon or drink it,
when served in a cup.
WNU Service.
Smart Coats for Now and Early Fall
■ - " ' —
By CHERIE NICHOLAS
VJOW is the time of year when a
^ midseason coat becomes a
wardrobe requisite. Much is de
manded of this coat. It not only
has to round out the summer season
with a perfect touch but it is ex
pected to usher in the new fall sea
son with a proper style flourish.
Then, too, it must be not too heavy
weight for immediate wear and not
too lightweight for autumn com
fort.
It is with cunning awareness of
all these "musts” and “must nots”
of a midseason coat that versatile
designers fell into step, cutting ca
pricious capers with tempting
tweeds and featherweight fleeces,
also with soft lightweight woolens
White and pastel wool coats, al
ways important dots on the summer
landscape, are especially good style
this year Being as popular for wear
in town as in the country. The wide
variety of weaves and patterns in
these lightweight monotone wools
has added much to the style interest
in these casually correct coats. The
white, buttonless, three - quarter
length full swinging swagger coat
centered in the illustration is the
sort you treasure, for, accompanied
by a matching skirt, it makes a
most practical and stunning cos
tume to wear when weather is fair,
be it a midseason or a warmish
autumn day. To add to its prac
ticality this coat may be worn
over summer dresses and the skirt
may double with delightful contrast
ing lightsome wool sweaters.
A week-end vacation calls for one
of the soft, well-tailored wool tweed
swagger coats of three - quarter
length. Casual and comfortable it
must be. It should be styled with
deep, roomy pockets and broad
lapels, hang straight in front and
have a full swing-into-folds backline, .
Checks, stripes and monotones are
the gay themes that sing to riotous
color tunes. Consciously fashioned
for nonchalance, these wool tweeds
are indifferent to the hard knocks
of traveling and they never know
the meaning of wear and tear. The
model shown to the left tallies with
this description of what a casual,
practical travel coat should be. The
tweed so nxpertly tailored with wide
rounded lapels, deep patch pockets
and wide turnback cuffs in this in
stance is in brown, rust and white
check. It is worn over a beige
featherweight knit wool frock with
brown hand-knit scarf.
Lustrous fleeces are very good
this season, especially in the polo
coat style. No camping jaunt,
motor trip or ocean voyage is com
plete without one of these sturdy old
reliables in either white or natural
shade. Cut just like those made
for the men folk with deep slash
pockets, tab cuffs and vent back, a
coat of this type should be included
in the wardrobe of every woman
who expects to run into damp winds
or who will spend any time in a
“don’t dress for dinner” region. The
double-breasted polo coat pictured
to the right is a classic. Of light
weight wool fleece, it is styled with
raglan shoulders, vent back, tab
cuffs, stitched slash pockets, wide
notched revers and wide self belt.
© Western Newspaper Union.
GOING HIGH-HAT
By CHER1E NICHOLAS
✓
Watch crowns! The advance fall
hat fashions declare that height is
the chief aim of designers. The
three types that lead the millinery
procession for midseason and early
fall are berets, toques or turbans
and the hat with a brim that takes
an abrupt turn up at one side re
vealing half of the coiffure. There
is no doubt that millinery fashions
are tending toward the extreme,
and they are also very versatile.
The three silhouettes pictured con
vey an idea as to important mil
linery gestures. The high draped
toque at the top is significant of
the future. The beret of velvet is
featuring as a smart midseason
number, and women who lead in
fashion are wearing them with their
summer frocks at this time. The
dashing high-side-brim hat is some
thing to look forward to since mil
liners are featuring it in various
moods often with spectacular feath
er trims.
FEATURE VEILS IN
MODELS FOR AUTUMN
Veils which not only cover an en
tire hat but the face and the shoul
ders are the most striking feature of
many advance fall models.
The large mesh veil which is dot
ted with chenille is the favored type
for wear during the daytime, but
there are some handsome lace veils
to wear for more formal occasions.
Most of these veils are circular in
shape and are thrown over the high
peaked crowns of the new hats so
that their draped edges extend well
over the shoulders. Sometimes they
are placed over the head before the
hat is put on so that the part which
covers the crown of the head serves
as a crown for the hat.
Another type of veil, also circular
in shape, has the center cut out so
that the veil fits around a crown or
edges the brim of a hat. It usually
is worn to give a downward sweep
at the back, frequently extending
halfway to the waistline.
Uneven Skirt Line Latest
Style in Evening Gowns
A Paris fashion house shows a
practical evening gown with a short
skirt in front and a definite back
ward dip to a greater length. These
full skirts resemble the tarleton
skirts worn by ballet dancers. The
material is gathered into so many
folds that the skirts swing out grace
fully in wide sweeps with every
movement of the body.
These short skirts are far more
practical than Hoor-length ones,
which are likely to get trampled
underfoot when dancing, and their
width and fullness make them
graceful as well as practical.
Waistcoat Blouses Popular
for Town or Country Wear
Waistcoat blouses and double
bfeasted jacket-blouses of tie silk
and linen worn with bright Ascot
scarfs are good for both country
and town.
Ready to dress up and go places
are designs of colorful satin, net
and voile. A few smart women are
wearing cape - sleeved blouses of
sheer black marquisette with their
dinner suits.
