The frontier. (O'Neill City, Holt County, Neb.) 1880-1965, May 20, 1937, Image 2
King George VI. Queen Elizabeth. 5,000,000 Line London Streets to View Coronation Procession ■ — V London, England. — (Spe cial)—A full day of mortal toil for the principals con cerned, and a day and night of heroic vigil for thousands of spectators were required before George VI and Eliza beth, his queen, returned to Buckingham palace, full fledged ruler and consort of Britain by virtue of one of the most splendid and spec tacular coronations the world has ever seen. Five million persons, it was esti mated, lined the processional route, over which the King and Queen in the ancient coronation coach rolled solemnly the six and one-half miles from the palace to Westminster ab bey in mid-morning and back again In the early evening. The solemnity of the occasion was observed by the crowd, even by the 300,000, mostly non-Britons, who had come from across the seas to witness it. But the cheers were Heir presumptive to the most im portant throne on earth Is charming, ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth, r hale and hearty and the attitude was one of celebration as the roar of the guns in the historic Tower of London split the air of the spring afternoon. It was the signal that George VI had worn upon his head for the first time the Crown of St. Edward, or Crown of England, and called for the cry from 5,000,000 throats as one, “God Save the King!” Hotels Sold Out. This was probably the most im portant point in the entire corona tion ceremony, which was heavily religious throughout and extremely burdensome to the principals as well as to the 9,000 peers and their ladies who gathered in old West minster abbey to do homage to their king and to display for one day jewels and trappings the cost of which ran far into the millions. It was the climax of the occasion for which souvenir manufacturers had been planning for many months; for which every hotel and boarding house room in London and its environs was sold out; for which apartments rented up to $3,000 for a single day; for which the govern ment had spent $2,600,000, with a prospect of getting back perhaps $400,000 from the sale of seats along the processional route at $2 to $250 a head. bouvemr manufacturers, distract- I ed at first over the abdication of King Edward VIII—for they had struck his likeness off on millions of medals, spoons, plates and other articles—later became jubilant. For the souvenir collectors were so anx ious to obtain the mistaken souve nirs that the latter sold at a pre mium. That the sentiment for the crown, which is the chief bond holding the Empire together, lives healthy and strong was apparent from the thou sands who, not being able to afford reserved seats, took their stand along the curbs long before the setting of the sun on May 11. All night they had to stick to their watch and all the next day. Yet they did not even see the coronation ceremony itself. They witnessed only the procession as it passed up the Mall. Queen Precedes King. The ceremony at the abbey was only for the peerage, the persons of royal blood and the king’s repre sentatives. With the clergy, they were waiting at the west door of the handsome Gothic edifice, taking their places inside as the approach of the coronation coach, an ornate vehicle made for Queen Anne in 1761, was noted. Once inside they were doomed to sit for seven hours in their heavy trappings of crimson or purple velvet and ermine, never moving from the 19-inch seat spaces allotted them until the end of the day, after the King and Queen had departed. When the coach pulled up, Queen Elizabeth proceeded ahead to the recognition chairs, there to await her lord. When King George en tered, to the sound of anthems and prayers, he was introduced to the four sides of the assemblage by the archbishop of Canterbury, who assumed the mastery of the ceremo nies from that point on. It was the archbishop who, a few minutes later, was to ask the king: ’’Sir, is your Majesty willing to take the oath?” The king answered, according to the ritual, “I am will ing,” and the Archbishop questioned him: “Will you solemnly promise and swear to govern the peoples of Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Un ion of South Africa, of your posses sions and the other territories to any of them belonging or pertain ing, and of your Empire of India, according to their respective laws and customs?” “I solemnly promise to do so," the king replied. “Will you to your power cause law and justice, in mercy, to be exe cuted in all your judgments?” the archbishop asked. And the king re plied, "I will.” He promised further to uphold the clergy and the Church of England. King Given His Vestments. There followed a long drawn out communion service during which the king was presented with the various jewels with which the of fice vests him, and was anointed upon the hands, breast and face with the holy oil. Among the jew els presented him were the staff and sceptre, with the cross and golden spurs, handed down from the time of St. Edward; the three jeweled swords signifying mercy, temporal justice and spiritual jus tice; the king’s sceptre with the dove symbolic of mercy and equity; the sword of state; the king’s gold and diamond orb, surmounted by the Christian cross; the crown of state and the imperial crown of In dia. The jewels used in the cere monies are reputed to be worth at least $25,000,000. Then as the king kneeled before the altar, the archbishop placed the Crown of St. Edward upon his head, but only for a fleeting moment for its weight is unbearable. He prayed: God crown you with a crown of glory and righteousness, that by the ministry of this our benediction, having a right faith and manifold fruit of good works, you may obtain the crown of an everlasting king dom by the gift of him whose king dom endureth forever.” The choir sang: "Be strong and play the man; keep the commandments of the Lord thy God, and walk in His ways.” Solemn, thought-provoking advice for the man who must wear the crown of one of the most impor tant nations on earth in times when the seething caldron of the world's hate threatens hourly to boil over. SEEN and HEARD ardund the national CAPITAL By Carter Field \ Washington.—When business men are gathered together, whether there be only a few at a bridge party or an annual meeting of the Chamber of Commerce of the Unit ed States, there will be few kind words, privately, for congress. One would think to hear them that sena tors and representatives are noth ing but a lot of cheap quacks or demagogues, dealing in platitudes and contradictions. One might also suspect, if he did not look too closely, that if this country could only be run by a congress of business men—particu larly successful, shrewd business men of the character who would be sent to an annual meeting of the Chamber of Commerce—it would be a far better run country. Economy would be the watchword. Expendi tures would be cut to the bone. Taxes could be reduced, individual initiative encouraged, etc. But if the same gullible Pollyanna would just examine all the resolu tions adopted at the recent meeting of the United States chamber, he would be sadly disillusioned. For the same brand of contradictions that makes congress what it is— that brings down criticism on the head of congress from these suc cessful business men—runs through the chamber resolutions in about the same proportion that it runs through the acts of congress. And runs through—strange to say —without the excuse that senators and representatives have for doing the things they are criticized for doing. For presumably the men who are sent to chamber meetings do not have to worry about politics. They do not have to stop to think what the electorate back in their home towns might think of this or that action. They do not have to worry about what the Roosevelt Farley political machine might do to them in the next primary if they do not vote “regular.” No—pre sumably they can vote for just what they think is right, with nothing in mind but the best interests of the country, understanding, of course, that what is good for business men is good for the country. So what did they do, at this re cent meeting? What They Did First of all they were for rock ribbed, Coolidge type economy. Business men and organizations were urged to throw their influence to obtain reductions in expenditures and to refrain from requesting new government expenditures for any purpose in the interest of budget balancing. Just what one would expect! But—the chamber in subsequent resolutions requested congress to appropriate funds authorized by the flood control act of 1936 to expedite work. This might be understood, but the chamber also urged aid by the federal government to enable farm tenants to become owners of farms. This is the little project which Senator John H. Bankhead of Ala bama has been fighting for, and which he estimates would cost the federal treasury one billion dollars, but which others estimate would cost much more. Then the chamber, as though this were not a pretty fair assault on budget balancing and federal econ omy, actually voted to approve a system whereby a liberal percent age of loans made by local private institutions should be guaranteed by the federal government! Congressmen were not voting for this. There was no politics in it They were just hard-headed busi ness men trying to show the govern ment how to balance the budget. Sensitive About Gold After the disastrous experience in being the sucker for the world's silver producers for a couple of years, the Treasury is rather sen sitive right now about gold, with a fair possibility that the rest of the world is selling us something at a price which is going to be reduced, sooner or later. It is an obvious fact, Lionel D. Edie, well-known New York econ omist, told a group at the Cham ber of Commerce meeting that the rest of the world has already dis counted a reduction in the price of gold from $35. His point was that such a reduction would make no particular difference so far as shocking the financial capitals of the world is concerned. It was pointed out to Mr. Edie that to mark the price of gold down would play hob with the financial statements of the Treasury. Re duction to a price of $30, for ex ample, would cost the Treasury, as far as its paper balance is con cerned, $1,650,000,000 — something like $13 for every man, woman and chile in the United States. Mr. Edie could not agree with this His point was that the Treas ury simply would not mark the val ue of the gold down. Nobody au dits the Treasury’s books. No bank examiner can make trouble because the Treasury carries its silver at an entirely fictitiously high figure, * ' If the world price is considered. So no bank examiner can come snoop ing around and make unpleasant reports, or talk about receivers, if the Treasury chooses to carry its eleven billion odd dollars of gold holdings at $35 an ounce, after it has actually dropped say to $30 an ounce on the world market. A shrewd Canadian banker on a visit to Washington agreed with Mr. Edie's statement that the specula tors all over the world have already discounted a reduction in the dol lar price of gold, but added that he did no*, know what step the United Stales government could take which would stop the flow of the yellow metal t9 his country Would Increase Flow “If you should reduce the price to $32 tomorrow,” he said, "I am sure it would increase rather than diminish the flow. The speculators in London and Paris would at once assume that this was merely the first step. So they would hurry to sell their gold to the United States before the price should be further reduced. “If you follow the other course suggested, and boost the charge for handling the gold from nine cents, the present figure, say to $3.50, which has been suggested, it would not stop your imports. The foreign speculators would assume here also that this was just the first step, and would hurry to get under the wire before any further cut in the net price they were receiving. "The handling fee seems the most satisfactory way out for other rea sons, however, for that would not compel the Treasury to mark down the value of its gold holdings. It could go on paying $35 an ounce for gold mined in the United States and put a heavy handling charge on any imported gold. Thus the Treasury could maintain the fiction that its gold was still worth $35 an ounce. There would be no test, because un less the present situation should be entirely revised there will be no such thing any more as maintaining the value of a paper currency by having gold to pay on demand for it.” Forty-Hour Week The administration is definitely considering the forty-hour week for industry in the legislation being planned to take the place of NRA as soon as the Supreme court en largement battle has been decided. The plan is not frozen. It will prob ably be changed a great many times before final submission to congress, but there is such general agreement on the forty-hour week idea that this phase is almost cer tain to remain. There are several flies in the oint ment, however. Chief is the ques tion of constitutional power. Some of the New Deal lawyers are by no means certain that even if they picked an entire new court of fif teen, instead of just six more jus tices as President Roosevelt de mands, or perhaps only four or two more as congress may decree, they could get approval of the kind of legislation they desire. It would go much further than the Wagner act, for example. It is the purpose to apply it to all sorts of industries and plants which are definitely not within the scope of the Wagner act as approved by the Su preme court. The New Dealers want to apply the forty-hour week to all sorts of plants, which by no stretch of the imagination could be said to effect interstate commerce. They want to apply it to nearly everything ex cept farm labor, household serv ants, and perhaps a few other small exceptions. Their Big Worry So what is worrying the New Dealers now is whether it would not require a constitutional amend ment, after all, to effect what they want. Wild horses could not drag an admission of this from them at the moment To admit this public ly would be equivalent to saying that the Supreme court enlarge ment, which is so embarrassing to so many otherwise loyal Democrat ic senators and representatives, is unnecessary—that the administra tion is putting them “on the spot” needlessly. But it is certain of the fundamen tal soundness of the forty-hour week idea. Despite the smiles over the phrase, there is a lot of support, in actuality, for the old technocracy theory. With production in the country way up above most previ ous levels, there is still plenty of evidence of millions of unemployed men who actually want jobs. President Roosevelt insisted ear nestly to callers recently that the government knew exactly how many men and women who really want work are applying for jobs. The only fly in this ointment is that he admits there may be a good many men who have applied at a number of places, thus being count ed a number of times. Even here, he said, desperate efforts are being made to eliminate these “duplica tions.” He said this in opposing an ex pansive unemployment census, so frequently demanded. But the im portant fact in this connection is that the government knows that de spite huge industrial production there is plenty of unemployment. "Passing the jobs around" seems to the New Dealers a sure way of fixing this, and the forty-hour week, applied to all industry, seems to them the logical way to pass the jobs around. © Bell Syndicate.—WNU Service. ! Gypsy Girl on a Bucharest Street. Prepared by National Geographic Society, Wathington, D. C.—WfiU Service. IN ROUMANIA, East and West are so interwoven it is diffi cult to see where one leaves off and the other begins. Perhaps the countless invasions which have swept her land may partly account for this strange blending of Orient and Occident. Each invader, whether he be Ro man, Hun, Pole, or Turk, has left his strong imprint on the nature of the people. Though Paris may be France, Bu charest is hardly Roumania. This capital has almost nothing in com mon with the country. It is a gay, cosmopolitan city, often, if not apt ly, called the Little Paris of the Balkans. Its streets are crowded with smartly dressed women, officers re splendent in their colorful uniforms and gold braid, and men and wom en of the foreign colonies, who con trast strikingly with peasants in na tive dresses and gypsies in rags and tatters. Its restaurants and coffeehouses, always famous for good food, are abuzz with the latest political rumors and gossip. The opening, in the autumn, of parliament by the king is a bril liant event. For several blocks and for hours, the palace guards in their bright blue uniforms, high patent leather jack boots, shining helmets with white horsehair plumes, stand smartly at attention until the mem bers of parliament, the diplomatic corps, the army generals, and the king have passed. The great moments are the ar rival and departure of the king, in an open landau. Footmen in • satin breeches, long coats of brocade, and three-cornered hats, and a ferocious coachman cracking h i s whip at six milk-white or coal-black stallions, on whose backs ride pos tilions in bright red hunting cos tumes, add to the striking medieval picture. You find it fun in winter to hire an open sleigh drawn by horses bedecked with bells and red rib bons, and driven by a coachman in a high fur caciula (cachoula), a tall astrakhan cap, long velvet coat, and wide girdle of metal. The wide avenue leading up to the Arc de Triomphe, past a pretty little race course and the golf links of the Country club is a miniature suggestion of the Champs Elysees in the French capital. Many stately palaces and homes line its streets. Roumania has gone modern in her new houses and apartments. Good Music, Many Churches. There is much music other than in the cafes. Bucharest boasts of rather good opera during the winter and a really fine symphony fre quently plays modern music. The National theater is well pa tronized and plays by Roumanian and foreign authors are given. Once ornate, the building is now shabby, although an air of faded elegance still pervades the place. The Parliament buildings and the Roumanian Orthodox church stand on the summit of the only hill in Bucharest Bucharest is a city of churches. From everywhere can be seen ris ing the rounded domes of the Rou manian Orthodox church. The peo ple are religious, but matter-of-fact about it. Despite the Slavic influ ence, there is no mysticism here. Religion is simply a part of every day life. The church is like a pro tective father. Down by the banks of the Dambo vita, which Eddie Cantor made fa mous in one of his songs, is the great market, where flowers, fruit, food, household goods, and Rou manian handiwork are sold in the open booths of peasants and petty tradespeople. Because so many peasants are unable to read, signs on many stores and shops are illustrated with pictures of the articles for sale within. Around Bucharest the country is not unlike the agricultural state of Kansas. Here is a tremendous wheat and corn region. Visitors love to go through the villages in this fertile district. Crazy little Rube Goldberg houses, whose white washed walls are painted in soft pastel shades and decorated with sorders of flowers or animals, pre sent an amusingly shaky aspect along the streets. Roumania is one of the few countries now left in Europe whose peasants usually dress in native costume. The Roumanian peasant is lovable. Always gracious, courteous, and goodnatured, he is industrious, yet somewhat inefficient. He works hard in his fields and forests, but always in a primitive manner, us ing the crude tools of his forefath ers. Spend a summer in a small cot tage in Predeal, at the top of the Carpathian Pass, on the boundary line between the ‘‘Old Kingdom” and Transylvania. During your holi days you have many opportunities to observe the ancient methods of work followed by the peasants. How Peasants Wash Clothes. You will be particulary im pressed with the. native manner of washing clothes. The laundress builds a fire in the yard beneath a large iron pot, in which she puts the clothes to boil. Then, in a large wooden trough hewn from a log, she rubs and washes the garments with her hands, without even the aid of a washboard. Next, she wrings out the heavy linen with her own hands. Backbreaking work it is, but the clothes emerge spot lessly white. With an old-fashioned iron, kept hot by a small charcoal fire in side, she presses them. She, no doubt, would scorn the electric washing machines and irons so es sential to American housewives. Politically, Roumanla traveled to ward the left after the war, as have in a degree most of the countries of the Near East. The large landhold ings were expropriated and the acres sold to the peasants on easy terms, the result of which was to place the peasant in a more ad vanced position than he had ever known. The land was appraised on a basis of reasonable value, and the gentry given Roumanian bonds in compensation for the land. When subsequently the nation went off the gold standard and her money depreciated, these bonds became al most worthless. Since 1926, however, her currency las been among the most stable. In the Danube Delta country, dur ing the spring and summer, many camps of gypsies are found. They carve out of wood huge water troughs, all variety and manner of cooking utensils, washing equip ment, etc. With their wild animal eyes, scraggly black locks, wretch edly dirty, and clad in rags, gypsies are a proof of the disillusionment of reality. In the Danube Delta Country. The delta country covers a tre mendous area spreading between the three branches of the Danube. Most important of Danube chan nels is the Sulina, which carries most of the river traffic coming down from far-off Germany, Aus tria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. The European Commission of the Danube, which assures free naviga tion of the river, struggles constant ly to keep the silt, washed down from half of Europe, from clogging up this artery to the Black sea. On the Danube’s banks are two important ports, Galiti and Braila, which receive vessels of ocean draft. Principal exports are wheat,, barley, corn, lumber, and some oil. The bird life of the delta is won drous beyond description. Many rare and beautiful birds are here for the looking. Hire at fifty cents for the day, a black, flat-bottom row boat, and slip silently through the reeds and narrow channels of he delta. Suddenly you surprise per haps 200 pelicans, which, webfotted and gross, make their get-away quickly. You may happen on a flock of wild swans sailing about in quiet dignity. Among the rarer varieties of duck is a snow-white bird with an emerald-green head and bill. Egrets, flamingos, cormor ants, wild geese, many kinds of ducks, herons, and cranes are listed among the commoner varieties of bird life. Constanta, Roumania’s most im portant port, still bears traces of the Turkish occupation of Dobruja prov ince, which is reflected in its shabby mosque and the red fezzes of many of its boatmen. Dinner Cloth of Crocheted Lace Dress up your table, when com pany’s expected, with this stun ning lace cloth. Crochet either identical squares, or companion squares—they're easy fun, and either way makes a handsome de Pattern 1410. sign as shown. Crochet them of string and they’ll measure 10 inches; in cotton, they are 6% inches. Join together, for tea or dinner cloth, spread or scarf. Pattern 1410 contains directions and charts for making the squares shown; illustrations of them and of all stitches used; material rs quirements. Send 15 cents in stamps or coins (coins preferred) for this pattern to The Sewing Circle Needlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. • Write your name, address and pattern number plainly. Ants are hard to kill, but Peterman’s Ant Food is made especially to get them and get them fast. Destroys red ants, black ants, others—kills young and eggs, too. Sprinkle along windows, doors, any place where ants come and go. Safe. Effective 24 hours a day. 25^, 3;/ and 6o^ at your druggist's. Immortality There is only one way to get ready for immortality, and that is to love this life and live it as bravely and faithfully and cheer fully as we can.—Van Dyke. 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